Study the nature and use of areas of the Earth's surface, relating and interpreting interactions of physical and cultural phenomena. Conduct research on physical aspects of a region, including land forms, climates, soils, plants, and animals, and conduct research on the spatial implications of human activities within a given area, including social characteristics, economic activities, and political organization, as well as researching interdependence between regions at scales ranging from local to global.
Sample of reported job titles:
Earth Observations Scientist, Geographer, GIS Coordinator (Geographic Information Systems Coordinator), GIS Geographer (Geographic Information Systems Geographer), GIS Physical Scientist (Geographic Information Systems Physical Scientist), Scientist
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Tasks
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Create and modify maps, graphs, or diagrams, using geographical information software and related equipment, and principles of cartography, such as coordinate systems, longitude, latitude, elevation, topography, and map scales.
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Gather and compile geographic data from sources such as censuses, field observations, satellite imagery, aerial photographs, and existing maps.
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Write and present reports of research findings.
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Provide geographical information systems support to the private and public sectors.
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Study the economic, political, and cultural characteristics of a specific region's population.
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Analyze geographic distributions of physical and cultural phenomena on local, regional, continental, or global scales.
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Develop, operate, and maintain geographical information computer systems, including hardware, software, plotters, digitizers, printers, and video cameras.
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Locate and obtain existing geographic information databases.
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Collect data on physical characteristics of specified areas, such as geological formations, climates, and vegetation, using surveying or meteorological equipment.
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Conduct field work at outdoor sites.
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Provide consulting services in fields such as resource development and management, business location and market area analysis, environmental hazards, regional cultural history, and urban social planning.
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Technology Skills
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Analytical or scientific software — IBM SPSS Statistics
; Minitab; SAS
; The MathWorks MATLAB
; 7 more
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Computer aided design CAD software — Autodesk AutoCAD
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Data base user interface and query software — RIVERMorph; Structured query language SQL
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Electronic mail software — Microsoft Outlook
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Geographic information system — Caliper Maptitude; ESRI ArcGIS software
; Geographic information system GIS software
; Geographic information system GIS systems
; 4 more
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Graphics or photo imaging software — ACD Systems Canvas; Adobe Photoshop
; Corel CorelDraw Graphics Suite; Lemkesoft GraphicConverter
; 1 more
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Internet browser software — Microsoft Internet Explorer
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Map creation software — Golden Software Surfer; Leica Geosystems ERDAS IMAGINE; MapInfo MapMarker; Martin D Adamiker's TruFlite
; 5 more
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Object or component oriented development software — Python
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Office suite software — Microsoft Office software
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Presentation software — Microsoft PowerPoint
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Spreadsheet software — Microsoft Excel
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Web page creation and editing software — Adobe Dreamweaver
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Word processing software — Microsoft Word
Hot Technologies are requirements most frequently included across all employer job postings.
In Demand skills are frequently included in employer job postings for this occupation.
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Work Activities
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Analyzing Data or Information — Identifying the underlying principles, reasons, or facts of information by breaking down information or data into separate parts.
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Working with Computers — Using computers and computer systems (including hardware and software) to program, write software, set up functions, enter data, or process information.
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Processing Information — Compiling, coding, categorizing, calculating, tabulating, auditing, or verifying information or data.
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Getting Information — Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sources.
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Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge — Keeping up-to-date technically and applying new knowledge to your job.
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Interpreting the Meaning of Information for Others — Translating or explaining what information means and how it can be used.
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Documenting/Recording Information — Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information in written or electronic/magnetic form.
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Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates — Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone, in written form, e-mail, or in person.
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Thinking Creatively — Developing, designing, or creating new applications, ideas, relationships, systems, or products, including artistic contributions.
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Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events — Identifying information by categorizing, estimating, recognizing differences or similarities, and detecting changes in circumstances or events.
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Making Decisions and Solving Problems — Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and solve problems.
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Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work — Developing specific goals and plans to prioritize, organize, and accomplish your work.
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Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships — Developing constructive and cooperative working relationships with others, and maintaining them over time.
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Training and Teaching Others — Identifying the educational needs of others, developing formal educational or training programs or classes, and teaching or instructing others.
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Developing Objectives and Strategies — Establishing long-range objectives and specifying the strategies and actions to achieve them.
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Performing for or Working Directly with the Public — Performing for people or dealing directly with the public. This includes serving customers in restaurants and stores, and receiving clients or guests.
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Communicating with People Outside the Organization — Communicating with people outside the organization, representing the organization to customers, the public, government, and other external sources. This information can be exchanged in person, in writing, or by telephone or e-mail.
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Judging the Qualities of Objects, Services, or People — Assessing the value, importance, or quality of things or people.
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Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards — Using relevant information and individual judgment to determine whether events or processes comply with laws, regulations, or standards.
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Providing Consultation and Advice to Others — Providing guidance and expert advice to management or other groups on technical, systems-, or process-related topics.
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Monitoring Processes, Materials, or Surroundings — Monitoring and reviewing information from materials, events, or the environment, to detect or assess problems.
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Estimating the Quantifiable Characteristics of Products, Events, or Information — Estimating sizes, distances, and quantities; or determining time, costs, resources, or materials needed to perform a work activity.
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Scheduling Work and Activities — Scheduling events, programs, and activities, as well as the work of others.
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Coordinating the Work and Activities of Others — Getting members of a group to work together to accomplish tasks.
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Detailed Work Activities
-
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Collect geographical or geological field data.
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Compile geographic or related data.
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Instruct college students in social sciences or humanities disciplines.
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Prepare scientific or technical reports or presentations.
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Develop software or applications for scientific or technical use.
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Conduct anthropological or archaeological research.
-
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Advise others on business or operational matters.
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Work Context
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Electronic Mail — 90% responded “Every day.”
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Indoors, Environmentally Controlled — 75% responded “Every day.”
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Structured versus Unstructured Work — 55% responded “A lot of freedom.”
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Freedom to Make Decisions — 50% responded “A lot of freedom.”
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Face-to-Face Discussions — 60% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
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Duration of Typical Work Week — 55% responded “More than 40 hours.”
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Telephone — 75% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
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Spend Time Sitting — 60% responded “More than half the time.”
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Importance of Being Exact or Accurate — 35% responded “Very important.”
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Work With Work Group or Team — 50% responded “Very important.”
-
Level of Competition — 50% responded “Moderately competitive.”
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Time Pressure — 45% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
-
Contact With Others — 40% responded “Contact with others about half the time.”
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Letters and Memos — 45% responded “Once a month or more but not every week.”
-
Deal With External Customers — 45% responded “Important.”
-
Coordinate or Lead Others — 55% responded “Important.”
-
Public Speaking — 45% responded “Once a year or more but not every month.”
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Job Zone
- Title
- Job Zone Four: Considerable Preparation Needed
- Education
- Most of these occupations require a four-year bachelor's degree, but some do not.
- Related Experience
- A considerable amount of work-related skill, knowledge, or experience is needed for these occupations. For example, an accountant must complete four years of college and work for several years in accounting to be considered qualified.
- Job Training
- Employees in these occupations usually need several years of work-related experience, on-the-job training, and/or vocational training.
- Job Zone Examples
- Many of these occupations involve coordinating, supervising, managing, or training others. Examples include real estate brokers, sales managers, database administrators, graphic designers, conservation scientists, art directors, and cost estimators.
- SVP Range
- (7.0 to < 8.0)
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Training & Credentials
- State training
-
- Local training
-
- Certifications
-
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Apprenticeship Opportunities
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Skills
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Reading Comprehension — Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work-related documents.
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Writing — Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audience.
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Critical Thinking — Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclusions, or approaches to problems.
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Speaking — Talking to others to convey information effectively.
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Active Listening — Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand the points being made, asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times.
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Active Learning — Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future problem-solving and decision-making.
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Judgment and Decision Making — Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the most appropriate one.
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Complex Problem Solving — Identifying complex problems and reviewing related information to develop and evaluate options and implement solutions.
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Science — Using scientific rules and methods to solve problems.
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Systems Analysis — Determining how a system should work and how changes in conditions, operations, and the environment will affect outcomes.
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Instructing — Teaching others how to do something.
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Learning Strategies — Selecting and using training/instructional methods and procedures appropriate for the situation when learning or teaching new things.
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Systems Evaluation — Identifying measures or indicators of system performance and the actions needed to improve or correct performance, relative to the goals of the system.
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Coordination — Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions.
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Mathematics — Using mathematics to solve problems.
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Monitoring — Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organizations to make improvements or take corrective action.
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Service Orientation — Actively looking for ways to help people.
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Social Perceptiveness — Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react as they do.
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Time Management — Managing one's own time and the time of others.
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Knowledge
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Geography — Knowledge of principles and methods for describing the features of land, sea, and air masses, including their physical characteristics, locations, interrelationships, and distribution of plant, animal, and human life.
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English Language — Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition, and grammar.
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Computers and Electronics — Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and computer hardware and software, including applications and programming.
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Education and Training — Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and training design, teaching and instruction for individuals and groups, and the measurement of training effects.
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Sociology and Anthropology — Knowledge of group behavior and dynamics, societal trends and influences, human migrations, ethnicity, cultures, and their history and origins.
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Mathematics — Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their applications.
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Education
How much education does a new hire need to perform a job in this occupation? Respondents said:
-
responded:
Bachelor’s degree required
-
responded:
Doctoral degree required
-
responded:
Master’s degree required
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Abilities
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Inductive Reasoning — The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusions (includes finding a relationship among seemingly unrelated events).
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Written Comprehension — The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.
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Written Expression — The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will understand.
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Deductive Reasoning — The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that make sense.
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Oral Comprehension — The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through spoken words and sentences.
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Oral Expression — The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will understand.
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Near Vision — The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).
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Information Ordering — The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according to a specific rule or set of rules (e.g., patterns of numbers, letters, words, pictures, mathematical operations).
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Speech Clarity — The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you.
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Speech Recognition — The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person.
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Category Flexibility — The ability to generate or use different sets of rules for combining or grouping things in different ways.
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Problem Sensitivity — The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does not involve solving the problem, only recognizing that there is a problem.
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Fluency of Ideas — The ability to come up with a number of ideas about a topic (the number of ideas is important, not their quality, correctness, or creativity).
-
Flexibility of Closure — The ability to identify or detect a known pattern (a figure, object, word, or sound) that is hidden in other distracting material.
-
Originality — The ability to come up with unusual or clever ideas about a given topic or situation, or to develop creative ways to solve a problem.
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Perceptual Speed — The ability to quickly and accurately compare similarities and differences among sets of letters, numbers, objects, pictures, or patterns. The things to be compared may be presented at the same time or one after the other. This ability also includes comparing a presented object with a remembered object.
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Far Vision — The ability to see details at a distance.
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Mathematical Reasoning — The ability to choose the right mathematical methods or formulas to solve a problem.
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Number Facility — The ability to add, subtract, multiply, or divide quickly and correctly.
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Visualization — The ability to imagine how something will look after it is moved around or when its parts are moved or rearranged.
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Interests
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Investigative — Work involves studying and researching non-living objects, living organisms, disease or other forms of impairment, or human behavior. Investigative occupations are often associated with physical, life, medical, or social sciences, and can be found in the fields of humanities, mathematics/statistics, information technology, or health care service.
-
Realistic — Work involves designing, building, or repairing of equipment, materials, or structures, engaging in physical activity, or working outdoors. Realistic occupations are often associated with engineering, mechanics and electronics, construction, woodworking, transportation, machine operation, agriculture, animal services, physical or manual labor, athletics, or protective services.
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Work Values
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Independence — Occupations that satisfy this work value allow employees to work on their own and make decisions. Corresponding needs are Creativity, Responsibility and Autonomy.
-
Achievement — Occupations that satisfy this work value are results oriented and allow employees to use their strongest abilities, giving them a feeling of accomplishment. Corresponding needs are Ability Utilization and Achievement.
-
Working Conditions — Occupations that satisfy this work value offer job security and good working conditions. Corresponding needs are Activity, Compensation, Independence, Security, Variety and Working Conditions.
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Work Styles
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Attention to Detail — Job requires being careful about detail and thorough in completing work tasks.
-
Analytical Thinking — Job requires analyzing information and using logic to address work-related issues and problems.
-
Initiative — Job requires a willingness to take on responsibilities and challenges.
-
Dependability — Job requires being reliable, responsible, and dependable, and fulfilling obligations.
-
Integrity — Job requires being honest and ethical.
-
Persistence — Job requires persistence in the face of obstacles.
-
Achievement/Effort — Job requires establishing and maintaining personally challenging achievement goals and exerting effort toward mastering tasks.
-
Independence — Job requires developing one's own ways of doing things, guiding oneself with little or no supervision, and depending on oneself to get things done.
-
Cooperation — Job requires being pleasant with others on the job and displaying a good-natured, cooperative attitude.
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Adaptability/Flexibility — Job requires being open to change (positive or negative) and to considerable variety in the workplace.
-
Innovation — Job requires creativity and alternative thinking to develop new ideas for and answers to work-related problems.
-
Self-Control — Job requires maintaining composure, keeping emotions in check, controlling anger, and avoiding aggressive behavior, even in very difficult situations.
-
Stress Tolerance — Job requires accepting criticism and dealing calmly and effectively with high-stress situations.
-
Concern for Others — Job requires being sensitive to others' needs and feelings and being understanding and helpful on the job.
-
Leadership — Job requires a willingness to lead, take charge, and offer opinions and direction.
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Social Orientation — Job requires preferring to work with others rather than alone, and being personally connected with others on the job.
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Wages & Employment Trends
- Median wages (2023)
- $43.69 hourly, $90,880 annual
- State wages
-
- Local wages
-
- Employment (2023)
- 1,600 employees
- Projected growth (2023-2033)
-
Average (3% to 5%)
- Projected job openings (2023-2033)
- 100
- State trends
-
- Top industries (2023)
-
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics 2023 wage data
external site and 2023-2033 employment projections
external site.
“Projected growth” represents the estimated change in total employment over the projections period (2023-2033). “Projected job openings” represent openings due to growth and replacement.
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Job Openings on the Web
- State job openings
-
- Local job openings
-
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Professional Associations
Disclaimer:
Sources are listed to provide additional information on related jobs, specialties, and/or industries.
Links to non-DOL Internet sites are provided for your convenience and do not constitute an endorsement.
Actively assisted with the O*NET data collection, helping to identify occupational experts who can be surveyed about their work in the occupation.
View the list of Allies
National Associations
Accreditation, Certification, & Unions
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