- Develop risk management strategies based on assessment of product, compliance, or operational risks.
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- Prepare plans that outline operating procedures to be used in response to disasters or emergencies, such as hurricanes, nuclear accidents, and terrorist attacks, and in recovery from these events.
- Develop and perform tests and evaluations of emergency management plans in accordance with state and federal regulations.
- Design and administer emergency or disaster preparedness training courses that teach people how to effectively respond to major emergencies and disasters.
- Review emergency plans of individual organizations, such as medical facilities, to ensure their adequacy.
- Study emergency plans used elsewhere to gather information for plan development.
- Consult with officials of local and area governments, schools, hospitals, and other institutions to determine their needs and capabilities in the event of a natural disaster or other emergency.
- Develop and maintain liaisons with municipalities, county departments, and similar entities to facilitate plan development, response effort coordination, and exchanges of personnel and equipment.
- Coordinate disaster response or crisis management activities, such as ordering evacuations, opening public shelters, and implementing special needs plans and programs.
- Prepare emergency situation status reports that describe response and recovery efforts, needs, and preliminary damage assessments.
- Maintain and update all resource materials associated with emergency preparedness plans.
- Collaborate with other officials to prepare and analyze damage assessments following disasters or emergencies.
- Keep informed of activities or changes that could affect the likelihood of an emergency, response efforts, or plan implementation.
- Inspect facilities and equipment, such as emergency management centers and communications equipment, to determine their operational and functional capabilities in emergency situations.
- Keep informed of federal, state, and local regulations affecting emergency plans, and ensure that plans adhere to those regulations.
- Conduct surveys to determine the types of emergency-related needs to be addressed in disaster planning, or provide technical support to others conducting such surveys.
- Attend meetings, conferences, and workshops related to emergency management to learn new information and to develop working relationships with other emergency management specialists.
- Propose alteration of emergency response procedures, based on regulatory changes, technological changes, or knowledge gained from outcomes of previous emergency situations.
- Develop instructional materials for the public and make presentations to citizens' groups to provide information on emergency plans and their implementation processes.
- Apply for federal funding for emergency-management-related needs, and administer and report on the progress of such grants.
- Train local groups in the preparation of long-term plans that are compatible with federal and state plans.
- Provide communities with assistance in applying for federal funding for emergency management facilities, radiological instrumentation, and related items.
- Develop and implement training procedures and strategies for radiological protection, detection, and decontamination.
- Inventory and distribute nuclear, biological, and chemical detection and contamination equipment, providing instruction in its maintenance and use.
- Prepare plans that outline operating procedures to be used in response to disasters or emergencies, such as hurricanes, nuclear accidents, and terrorist attacks, and in recovery from these events.
- Develop and perform tests and evaluations of emergency management plans in accordance with state and federal regulations.
- Design and administer emergency or disaster preparedness training courses that teach people how to effectively respond to major emergencies and disasters.
- Review emergency plans of individual organizations, such as medical facilities, to ensure their adequacy.
- Study emergency plans used elsewhere to gather information for plan development.
- Analyze and evaluate security operations to identify risks or opportunities for improvement through auditing, review, or assessment.
- Assess risks to mitigate potential consequences of incidents and develop a plan to respond to incidents.
- Conduct threat or vulnerability analyses to determine probable frequency, criticality, consequence, or severity of natural or man-made disasters or criminal activity on the organization's profitability or delivery of products or services.
- Direct or participate in emergency management and contingency planning.
- Attend meetings, professional seminars, or conferences to keep abreast of changes in executive legislative directives or new technologies impacting security operations.
- Communicate security status, updates, and actual or potential problems, using established protocols.
- Conduct physical examinations of property to ensure compliance with security policies and regulations.
- Coordinate security operations or activities with public law enforcement, fire and other agencies.
- Create or implement security standards, policies, and procedures.
- Develop budgets for security operations.
- Develop or manage investigation programs, including collection and preservation of video and notes of surveillance processes or investigative interviews.
- Develop, arrange for, perform, or assess executive protection activities to reduce security risks.
- Develop, conduct, support, or assist in governmental reviews, internal corporate evaluations, or assessments of the overall effectiveness of facility and personnel security processes.
- Develop, implement, manage, or evaluate policies and methods to protect personnel against harassment, threats, or violence.
- Develop, recommend, or manage security procedures for operations or processes, such as security call centers, access control, and reporting tools.
- Identify, investigate, or resolve security breaches.
- Monitor and ensure a sound, ethical environment.
- Monitor security policies, programs or procedures to ensure compliance with internal security policies, or applicable government security requirements, policies, and directives.
- Plan security for special and high-risk events.
- Plan, direct, or coordinate security activities to safeguard company employees, guests, or others on company property.
- Prepare reports or make presentations on internal investigations, losses, or violations of regulations, policies and procedures.
- Purchase security-related supplies, equipment, or technology.
- Respond to medical emergencies, bomb threats, fire alarms, or intrusion alarms, following emergency response procedures.
- Review financial reports to ensure efficiency and quality of security operations.
- Supervise or provide leadership to subordinate security professionals, performing activities such as hiring, investigating applicants' backgrounds, training, assigning work, evaluating performance, or disciplining.
- Support efforts to reduce substance abuse or other illegal activities in the workplace.
- Train subordinate security professionals or other organization members in security rules and procedures.
- Write or review security-related documents, such as incident reports, proposals, and tactical or strategic initiatives.
- Analyze and evaluate security operations to identify risks or opportunities for improvement through auditing, review, or assessment.
- Assess risks to mitigate potential consequences of incidents and develop a plan to respond to incidents.
- Conduct threat or vulnerability analyses to determine probable frequency, criticality, consequence, or severity of natural or man-made disasters or criminal activity on the organization's profitability or delivery of products or services.
- Direct or participate in emergency management and contingency planning.
- Test documented disaster recovery strategies and plans.
- Establish, maintain, or test call trees to ensure appropriate communication during disaster.
- Develop emergency management plans for recovery decision making and communications, continuity of critical departmental processes, or temporary shut-down of non-critical departments to ensure continuity of operation and governance.
- Develop disaster recovery plans for physical locations with critical assets, such as data centers.
- Analyze impact on, and risk to, essential business functions or information systems to identify acceptable recovery time periods and resource requirements.
- Review existing disaster recovery, crisis management, or business continuity plans.
- Conduct or oversee contingency plan integration and operation.
- Analyze corporate intelligence data to identify trends, patterns, or warnings indicating threats to security of people, assets, information, or infrastructure.
- Write reports to summarize testing activities, including descriptions of goals, planning, scheduling, execution, results, analysis, conclusions, and recommendations.
- Create scenarios to reestablish operations from various types of business disruptions.
- Identify opportunities for strategic improvement or mitigation of business interruption and other risks caused by business, regulatory, or industry-specific change initiatives.
- Interpret government regulations and applicable codes to ensure compliance.
- Create or administer training and awareness presentations or materials.
- Prepare reports summarizing operational results, financial performance, or accomplishments of specified objectives, goals, or plans.
- Attend professional meetings, read literature, and participate in training or other educational offerings to keep abreast of new developments and technologies related to disaster recovery and business continuity.
- Recommend or implement methods to monitor, evaluate, or enable resolution of safety, operations, or compliance interruptions.
- Create business continuity and disaster recovery budgets.
- Maintain and update organization information technology applications and network systems blueprints.
- Design or implement products and services to mitigate risk or facilitate use of technology-based tools and methods.
- Conduct or oversee collection of corporate intelligence to avoid fraud, financial crime, cyber attack, terrorism, and infrastructure failure.
- Identify individual or transaction targets to direct intelligence collection.
- Test documented disaster recovery strategies and plans.
- Establish, maintain, or test call trees to ensure appropriate communication during disaster.
- Develop emergency management plans for recovery decision making and communications, continuity of critical departmental processes, or temporary shut-down of non-critical departments to ensure continuity of operation and governance.
- Develop disaster recovery plans for physical locations with critical assets, such as data centers.
- Analyze impact on, and risk to, essential business functions or information systems to identify acceptable recovery time periods and resource requirements.
- Review existing disaster recovery, crisis management, or business continuity plans.
- Conduct or oversee contingency plan integration and operation.
- Analyze corporate intelligence data to identify trends, patterns, or warnings indicating threats to security of people, assets, information, or infrastructure.
- Provide recommendations and solutions in crisis situations such as workplace violence, protests, and demonstrations.
- Identify potential for loss and develop strategies to eliminate it.
- Coordinate or conduct internal investigations of problems such as employee theft and violations of corporate loss prevention policies.
- Administer systems and programs to reduce loss, maintain inventory control, or increase safety.
- Review loss prevention exception reports and cash discrepancies to ensure adherence to guidelines.
- Train loss prevention staff, retail managers, or store employees on loss control and prevention measures.
- Investigate or interview individuals suspected of shoplifting or internal theft.
- Hire or supervise loss prevention staff.
- Advise retail managers on compliance with applicable codes, laws, regulations, or standards.
- Develop and maintain partnerships with federal, state, or local law enforcement agencies or members of the retail loss prevention community.
- Perform or direct inventory investigations in response to shrink results outside of acceptable ranges.
- Maintain documentation of all loss prevention activity.
- Assess security needs across locations to ensure proper deployment of loss prevention resources, such as staff and technology.
- Monitor compliance to operational, safety, or inventory control procedures, including physical security standards.
- Verify correct use and maintenance of physical security systems, such as closed-circuit television, merchandise tags, and burglar alarms.
- Visit stores to ensure compliance with company policies and procedures.
- Analyze retail data to identify current or emerging trends in theft or fraud.
- Direct loss prevention audit programs including target store audits, maintenance audits, safety audits, or electronic article surveillance (EAS) audits.
- Collaborate with law enforcement to investigate and solve external theft or fraud cases.
- Coordinate theft and fraud investigations involving career criminals or organized group activities.
- Supervise surveillance, detection, or criminal processing related to theft and criminal cases.
- Perform cash audits and deposit investigations to fully account for store cash.
- Recommend improvements in loss prevention programs, staffing, scheduling, or training.
- Direct installation of covert surveillance equipment, such as security cameras.
- Monitor and review paperwork procedures and systems to prevent error-related shortages.
- Advise retail establishments on development of loss-investigation procedures.
- Maintain databases such as bad check logs, reports on multiple offenders, and alarm activation lists.
- Provide recommendations and solutions in crisis situations such as workplace violence, protests, and demonstrations.
- Identify potential for loss and develop strategies to eliminate it.
- Review and analyze facility activities and data to aid planning and cash and risk management and to improve service utilization.
- Direct, supervise and evaluate work activities of medical, nursing, technical, clerical, service, maintenance, and other personnel.
- Develop and maintain computerized record management systems to store and process data, such as personnel activities and information, and to produce reports.
- Plan, implement, and administer programs and services in a health care or medical facility, including personnel administration, training, and coordination of medical, nursing and physical plant staff.
- Conduct and administer fiscal operations, including accounting, planning budgets, authorizing expenditures, establishing rates for services, and coordinating financial reporting.
- Maintain awareness of advances in medicine, computerized diagnostic and treatment equipment, data processing technology, government regulations, health insurance changes, and financing options.
- Establish work schedules and assignments for staff, according to workload, space, and equipment availability.
- Monitor the use of diagnostic services, inpatient beds, facilities, and staff to ensure effective use of resources and assess the need for additional staff, equipment, and services.
- Direct or conduct recruitment, hiring, and training of personnel.
- Manage change in integrated health care delivery systems, such as work restructuring, technological innovations, and shifts in the focus of care.
- Maintain communication between governing boards, medical staff, and department heads by attending board meetings and coordinating interdepartmental functioning.
- Establish objectives and evaluative or operational criteria for units managed.
- Develop and implement organizational policies and procedures for the facility or medical unit.
- Prepare activity reports to inform management of the status and implementation plans of programs, services, and quality initiatives.
- Develop or expand and implement medical programs or health services that promote research, rehabilitation, and community health.
- Consult with medical, business, and community groups to discuss service problems, respond to community needs, enhance public relations, coordinate activities and plans, and promote health programs.
- Develop instructional materials and conduct in-service and community-based educational programs.
- Inspect facilities and recommend building or equipment modifications to ensure emergency readiness and compliance to access, safety, and sanitation regulations.
- Review and analyze facility activities and data to aid planning and cash and risk management and to improve service utilization.
- Analyze and classify risks and investments to determine their potential impacts on companies.
- Establish and maintain relationships with individual or business customers or provide assistance with problems these customers may encounter.
- Oversee the flow of cash or financial instruments.
- Plan, direct, or coordinate the activities of workers in branches, offices, or departments of establishments, such as branch banks, brokerage firms, risk and insurance departments, or credit departments.
- Recruit staff members.
- Evaluate data pertaining to costs to plan budgets.
- Oversee training programs.
- Establish procedures for custody or control of assets, records, loan collateral, or securities to ensure safekeeping.
- Communicate with stockholders or other investors to provide information or to raise capital.
- Develop or analyze information to assess the current or future financial status of firms.
- Approve, reject, or coordinate the approval or rejection of lines of credit or commercial, real estate, or personal loans.
- Prepare financial or regulatory reports required by laws, regulations, or boards of directors.
- Examine, evaluate, or process loan applications.
- Evaluate financial reporting systems, accounting or collection procedures, or investment activities and make recommendations for changes to procedures, operating systems, budgets, or other financial control functions.
- Network within communities to find and attract new business.
- Prepare operational or risk reports for management analysis.
- Plan, direct, and coordinate risk and insurance programs of establishments to control risks and losses.
- Review collection reports to determine the status of collections and the amounts of outstanding balances.
- Direct insurance negotiations, select insurance brokers or carriers, and place insurance.
- Submit delinquent accounts to attorneys or outside agencies for collection.
- Review reports of securities transactions or price lists to analyze market conditions.
- Analyze and classify risks and investments to determine their potential impacts on companies.
- Collect stakeholder data to evaluate risk and to develop mitigation strategies.
- Assess the physical security of servers, systems, or network devices to identify vulnerability to temperature, vandalism, or natural disasters.
- Conduct network and security system audits, using established criteria.
- Configure information systems to incorporate principles of least functionality and least access.
- Design security solutions to address known device vulnerabilities.
- Develop and execute tests that simulate the techniques of known cyber threat actors.
- Develop infiltration tests that exploit device vulnerabilities.
- Develop presentations on threat intelligence.
- Develop security penetration testing processes, such as wireless, data networks, and telecommunication security tests.
- Discuss security solutions with information technology teams or management.
- Document penetration test findings.
- Evaluate vulnerability assessments of local computing environments, networks, infrastructures, or enclave boundaries.
- Gather cyber intelligence to identify vulnerabilities.
- Identify new threat tactics, techniques, or procedures used by cyber threat actors.
- Identify security system weaknesses, using penetration tests.
- Investigate security incidents, using computer forensics, network forensics, root cause analysis, or malware analysis.
- Keep up with new penetration testing tools and methods.
- Maintain up-to-date knowledge of hacking trends.
- Prepare and submit reports describing the results of security fixes.
- Test the security of systems by attempting to gain access to networks, Web-based applications, or computers.
- Update corporate policies to improve cyber security.
- Write audit reports to communicate technical and procedural findings and recommend solutions.
- Collect stakeholder data to evaluate risk and to develop mitigation strategies.
- Conduct quantitative risk assessments for human health, environmental, or other risks.
- Identify environmental contamination sources.
- Coordinate on-site activities for environmental cleanup or remediation projects to ensure compliance with environmental laws, standards, regulations, or other requirements.
- Identify and apply for project funding.
- Plan or implement brownfield redevelopment projects to ensure safety, quality, and compliance with applicable standards or requirements.
- Estimate costs for environmental cleanup and remediation of land redevelopment projects.
- Design or implement plans for surface or ground water remediation.
- Design or implement measures to improve the water, air, and soil quality of military test sites, abandoned mine land, or other contaminated sites.
- Review or evaluate environmental remediation project proposals.
- Prepare reports or presentations to communicate brownfield redevelopment needs, status, or progress.
- Inspect sites to assess environmental damage or monitor cleanup progress.
- Maintain records of decisions, actions, and progress related to environmental redevelopment projects.
- Coordinate the disposal of hazardous waste.
- Develop or implement plans for the sustainable regeneration of brownfield sites to ensure regeneration of a wider area by providing environmental protection or economic and social benefits.
- Conduct feasibility or cost-benefit studies for environmental remediation projects.
- Prepare and submit permit applications for demolition, cleanup, remediation, or construction projects.
- Negotiate contracts for services or materials needed for environmental remediation.
- Design or implement plans for structural demolition and debris removal.
- Design or conduct environmental restoration studies.
- Review or evaluate designs for contaminant treatment or disposal facilities.
- Provide training on hazardous material or waste cleanup procedures and technologies.
- Develop or implement plans for revegetation of brownfield sites.
- Provide expert witness testimony on issues such as soil, air, or water contamination and associated cleanup measures.
- Conduct quantitative risk assessments for human health, environmental, or other risks.
- Determine how to allocate resources and to respond to unanticipated problems, such as insect infestation, drought, and fire.
- Collect and record growth, production, and environmental data.
- Manage nurseries that grow horticultural plants for sale to trade or retail customers, for display or exhibition, or for research.
- Direct and monitor trapping and spawning of fish, egg incubation, and fry rearing, applying knowledge of management and fish culturing techniques.
- Direct and monitor the transfer of mature fish to lakes, ponds, streams, or commercial tanks.
- Determine plant growing conditions, such as greenhouses, hydroponics, or natural settings, and set planting and care schedules.
- Devise and participate in activities to improve fish hatching and growth rates, and to prevent disease in hatcheries.
- Position and regulate plant irrigation systems, and program environmental and irrigation control computers.
- Prepare reports required by state and federal laws.
- Inspect facilities and equipment for signs of disrepair, and perform necessary maintenance work.
- Maintain financial, operational, production, or employment records for farms or ranches.
- Coordinate clerical, record-keeping, inventory, requisitioning, and marketing activities.
- Direct the breeding or raising of stock, such as cattle, poultry, or honeybees, using recognized breeding practices to ensure stock improvement.
- Negotiate with buyers for the sale, storage, or shipment of crops or livestock.
- Coordinate the selection and maintenance of brood stock.
- Analyze soil to determine types or quantities of fertilizer required for maximum crop production.
- Provide information to customers on the care of trees, shrubs, flowers, plants, and lawns.
- Analyze market conditions to determine acreage allocations.
- Supervise the construction of farm or ranch structures, such as buildings, fences, drainage systems, wells, or roads.
- Replace chemical insecticides with environmentally friendly practices, such as adding pest-repelling plants to fields.
- Conduct inspections to determine crop maturity or condition or to detect disease or insect infestation.
- Conduct or supervise stock examinations to identify diseases or parasites.
- Determine types or quantities of crops, plants, or livestock to be grown and raised, based on budgets, federal incentives, market conditions, executive directives, projected sales volumes, or soil conditions.
- Determine, administer, and execute policies relating to operations administration and standards, facility maintenance, and safety.
- Direct crop production operations, such as planning, tilling, planting, fertilizing, cultivating, spraying, and harvesting.
- Evaluate marketing or sales alternatives for products.
- Hire, supervise, and train support workers.
- Monitor activities, such as irrigation, chemical application, harvesting, milking, breeding, and grading, to ensure adherence to safety regulations or standards.
- Monitor environments to ensure maintenance of optimum animal or plant life.
- Obtain financing for and purchase necessary machinery, land, supplies, or livestock.
- Determine how to allocate resources and to respond to unanticipated problems, such as insect infestation, drought, and fire.
- Develop and document standard and emergency operating procedures for receiving, handling, storing, shipping, or salvaging products or materials.
- Supervise the activities of workers engaged in receiving, storing, testing, and shipping products or materials.
- Plan, develop, or implement warehouse safety and security programs and activities.
- Inspect physical conditions of warehouses, vehicle fleets, or equipment and order testing, maintenance, repairs, or replacements.
- Plan, organize, or manage the work of subordinate staff to ensure that the work is accomplished in a manner consistent with organizational requirements.
- Collaborate with other departments to integrate logistics with business systems or processes, such as customer sales, order management, accounting, or shipping.
- Analyze all aspects of corporate logistics to determine the most cost-effective or efficient means of transporting products or supplies.
- Resolve problems concerning transportation, logistics systems, imports or exports, or customer issues.
- Monitor operations to ensure that staff members comply with administrative policies and procedures, safety rules, union contracts, environmental policies, or government regulations.
- Analyze the financial impact of proposed logistics changes, such as routing, shipping modes, product volumes or mixes, or carriers.
- Monitor inventory levels of products or materials in warehouses.
- Establish or monitor specific supply chain-based performance measurement systems.
- Prepare and manage departmental budgets.
- Monitor product import or export processes to ensure compliance with regulatory or legal requirements.
- Prepare management recommendations, such as proposed fee and tariff increases or schedule changes.
- Interview, select, and train warehouse and supervisory personnel.
- Advise sales and billing departments of transportation charges for customers' accounts.
- Analyze expenditures and other financial information to develop plans, policies, or budgets for increasing profits or improving services.
- Confer with department heads to coordinate warehouse activities, such as production, sales, records control, or purchasing.
- Implement specific customer requirements, such as internal reporting or customized transportation metrics.
- Maintain metrics, reports, process documentation, customer service logs, or training or safety records.
- Examine invoices and shipping manifests for conformity to tariff and customs regulations.
- Plan or implement energy saving changes to transportation services, such as reducing routes, optimizing capacities, employing alternate modes of transportation, or minimizing idling.
- Evaluate contractors or business partners for operational efficiency or safety or environmental performance records.
- Negotiate with carriers, warehouse operators, or insurance company representatives for services and preferential rates.
- Develop or implement plans for facility modification or expansion, such as equipment purchase or changes in space allocation or structural design.
- Direct inbound or outbound operations, such as transportation or warehouse activities, safety performance, and logistics quality management.
- Plan or implement improvements to internal or external systems or processes.
- Recommend or authorize capital expenditures for acquisition of new equipment or property to increase efficiency and services.
- Review invoices, work orders, consumption reports, or demand forecasts to estimate peak performance periods and to issue work assignments.
- Develop and document standard and emergency operating procedures for receiving, handling, storing, shipping, or salvaging products or materials.
- Review proposed study protocols to evaluate factors such as sample collection processes, data management plans, or potential subject risks.
- Schedule subjects for appointments, procedures, or inpatient stays as required by study protocols.
- Perform specific protocol procedures such as interviewing subjects, taking vital signs, and performing electrocardiograms.
- Assess eligibility of potential subjects through methods such as screening interviews, reviews of medical records, or discussions with physicians and nurses.
- Prepare study-related documentation, such as protocol worksheets, procedural manuals, adverse event reports, institutional review board documents, or progress reports.
- Inform patients or caregivers about study aspects and outcomes to be expected.
- Record adverse event and side effect data and confer with investigators regarding the reporting of events to oversight agencies.
- Monitor study activities to ensure compliance with protocols and with all relevant local, federal, and state regulatory and institutional polices.
- Oversee subject enrollment to ensure that informed consent is properly obtained and documented.
- Maintain required records of study activity including case report forms, drug dispensation records, or regulatory forms.
- Identify protocol problems, inform investigators of problems, or assist in problem resolution efforts, such as protocol revisions.
- Collaborate with investigators to prepare presentations or reports of clinical study procedures, results, and conclusions.
- Track enrollment status of subjects and document dropout information such as dropout causes and subject contact efforts.
- Code, evaluate, or interpret collected study data.
- Direct the requisition, collection, labeling, storage, or shipment of specimens.
- Instruct research staff in scientific and procedural aspects of studies including standards of care, informed consent procedures, or documentation procedures.
- Maintain contact with sponsors to schedule and coordinate site visits or to answer questions about issues such as incomplete data.
- Prepare for or participate in quality assurance audits conducted by study sponsors, federal agencies, or specially designated review groups.
- Order drugs or devices necessary for study completion.
- Contact outside health care providers and communicate with subjects to obtain follow-up information.
- Participate in the development of study protocols including guidelines for administration or data collection procedures.
- Confer with health care professionals to determine the best recruitment practices for studies.
- Communicate with laboratories or investigators regarding laboratory findings.
- Review scientific literature, participate in continuing education activities, or attend conferences and seminars to maintain current knowledge of clinical studies affairs and issues.
- Organize space for study equipment and supplies.
- Develop advertising and other informational materials to be used in subject recruitment.
- Dispense medical devices or drugs, and calculate dosages and provide instructions as necessary.
- Arrange for research study sites and determine staff or equipment availability.
- Interpret protocols and advise treating physicians on appropriate dosage modifications or treatment calculations based on patient characteristics.
- Contact industry representatives to ensure equipment and software specifications necessary for successful study completion.
- Register protocol patients with appropriate statistical centers as required.
- Solicit industry-sponsored trials through contacts and professional organizations.
- Participate in preparation and management of research budgets and monetary disbursements.
- Review proposed study protocols to evaluate factors such as sample collection processes, data management plans, or potential subject risks.