Job Duties Custom List 47-2031.00 — Carpenters
- Examine structural timbers and supports to detect decay, and replace timbers as required, using hand tools, nuts, and bolts.
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- Attach fence rail supports to posts, using hammers and pliers.
- Nail top and bottom rails to fence posts, or insert them in slots on posts.
- Nail pointed slats to rails to construct picket fences.
- Attach rails or tension wire along bottoms of posts to form fencing frames.
- Assemble gates, and fasten gates into position, using hand tools.
- Stretch wire, wire mesh, or chain link fencing between posts, and attach fencing to frames.
- Complete top fence rails of metal fences by connecting tube sections, using metal sleeves.
- Erect alternate panel, basket weave, and louvered fences.
- Insert metal tubing through rail supports.
- Construct and repair barriers, retaining walls, trellises, and other types of fences, walls, and gates.
- Establish the location for a fence, and gather information needed to ensure that there are no electric cables or water lines in the area.
- Set metal or wooden posts in upright positions in postholes.
- Measure and lay out fence lines and mark posthole positions, following instructions, drawings, or specifications.
- Align posts, by lines or sighting, and verify vertical alignment of posts, using plumb bobs or spirit levels.
- Dig postholes, using spades, posthole diggers, or power-driven augers.
- Mix and pour concrete around bases of posts, or tamp soil into postholes to embed posts.
- Make rails for fences, by sawing lumber or by cutting metal tubing to required lengths.
- Discuss fencing needs with customers, and estimate and quote prices.
- Weld metal parts together, using portable gas welding equipment.
- Blast rock formations and rocky areas with dynamite to facilitate posthole digging.
- Attach fence rail supports to posts, using hammers and pliers.
- Nail top and bottom rails to fence posts, or insert them in slots on posts.
- Nail pointed slats to rails to construct picket fences.
- Attach rails or tension wire along bottoms of posts to form fencing frames.
- Assemble gates, and fasten gates into position, using hand tools.
- Stretch wire, wire mesh, or chain link fencing between posts, and attach fencing to frames.
- Complete top fence rails of metal fences by connecting tube sections, using metal sleeves.
- Erect alternate panel, basket weave, and louvered fences.
- Insert metal tubing through rail supports.
- Construct and repair barriers, retaining walls, trellises, and other types of fences, walls, and gates.
- Inspect problem roofs to determine the best repair procedures.
- Set up scaffolding to provide safe access to roofs.
- Cement or nail flashing strips of metal or shingle over joints to make them watertight.
- Install partially overlapping layers of material over roof insulation surfaces, using chalk lines, gauges on shingling hatchets, or lines on shingles.
- Apply plastic coatings, membranes, fiberglass, or felt over sloped roofs before applying shingles.
- Install, repair, or replace single-ply roofing systems, using waterproof sheet materials such as modified plastics, elastomeric, or other asphaltic compositions.
- Attach roofing paper to roofs in overlapping strips to form bases for other materials.
- Cover roofs or exterior walls of structures with slate, asphalt, aluminum, wood, gravel, gypsum, or related materials, using brushes, knives, punches, hammers, or other tools.
- Apply reflective roof coatings, such as special paints or single-ply roofing sheets, to existing roofs to reduce solar heat absorption.
- Apply alternate layers of hot asphalt or tar and roofing paper to roofs.
- Install vapor barriers or layers of insulation on flat roofs.
- Install attic ventilation systems, such as turbine vents, gable or ridge vents, or conventional or solar-powered exhaust fans.
- Install skylights on roofs to increase natural light inside structures or to reduce energy costs.
- Apply gravel or pebbles over top layers of roofs, using rakes or stiff-bristled brooms.
- Apply modular soil- and plant-containing grids over existing roof membranes to create green roofs.
- Install layers of vegetation-based green roofs, including protective membranes, drainage, aeration, water retention and filter layers, soil substrates, irrigation materials, and plants.
- Remove snow, water, or debris from roofs prior to applying roofing materials.
- Estimate materials and labor required to complete roofing jobs.
- Cut felt, shingles, or strips of flashing to fit angles formed by walls, vents, or intersecting roof surfaces.
- Waterproof or damp-proof walls, floors, roofs, foundations, or basements by painting or spraying surfaces with waterproof coatings or by attaching waterproofing membranes to surfaces.
- Cover exposed nailheads with roofing cement or caulking to prevent water leakage or rust.
- Smooth rough spots to prepare surfaces for waterproofing, using hammers, chisels, or rubbing bricks.
- Glaze top layers to make a smooth finish or embed gravel in the bitumen for rough surfaces.
- Mop or pour hot asphalt or tar onto roof bases.
- Install solar roofing systems that have energy-collecting photovoltaic panels built into roofing membranes, shingles, or tiles.
- Spray roofs, sidings, or walls to bind, seal, insulate, or soundproof sections of structures, using spray guns, air compressors, or heaters.
- Attach solar panels to existing roofs, according to specifications and without damaging roofing materials or the structural integrity of buildings.
- Punch holes in slate, tile, terra cotta, or wooden shingles, using punches and hammers.
- Inspect problem roofs to determine the best repair procedures.
- Set up scaffolding to provide safe access to roofs.
- Cement or nail flashing strips of metal or shingle over joints to make them watertight.
- Install partially overlapping layers of material over roof insulation surfaces, using chalk lines, gauges on shingling hatchets, or lines on shingles.
- Apply plastic coatings, membranes, fiberglass, or felt over sloped roofs before applying shingles.
- Install, repair, or replace single-ply roofing systems, using waterproof sheet materials such as modified plastics, elastomeric, or other asphaltic compositions.
- Attach roofing paper to roofs in overlapping strips to form bases for other materials.
- Cover roofs or exterior walls of structures with slate, asphalt, aluminum, wood, gravel, gypsum, or related materials, using brushes, knives, punches, hammers, or other tools.
- Apply reflective roof coatings, such as special paints or single-ply roofing sheets, to existing roofs to reduce solar heat absorption.
- Apply alternate layers of hot asphalt or tar and roofing paper to roofs.
- Install vapor barriers or layers of insulation on flat roofs.
- Install attic ventilation systems, such as turbine vents, gable or ridge vents, or conventional or solar-powered exhaust fans.
- Install skylights on roofs to increase natural light inside structures or to reduce energy costs.
- Apply gravel or pebbles over top layers of roofs, using rakes or stiff-bristled brooms.
- Apply modular soil- and plant-containing grids over existing roof membranes to create green roofs.
- Install layers of vegetation-based green roofs, including protective membranes, drainage, aeration, water retention and filter layers, soil substrates, irrigation materials, and plants.
- Install horizontal and vertical metal or wooden studs to frames so that wallboard can be attached to interior walls.
- Fit and fasten wallboard or drywall into position on wood or metal frameworks, using glue, nails, or screws.
- Assemble or install metal framing or decorative trim for windows, doorways, or vents.
- Cut fixture or border tiles to size, using keyhole saws, and insert them into surrounding frameworks.
- Cut and screw together metal channels to make floor or ceiling frames, according to plans for the location of rooms or hallways.
- Hang drywall panels on metal frameworks of walls and ceilings in offices, schools, or other large buildings, using lifts or hoists to adjust panel heights, when necessary.
- Suspend angle iron grids or channel irons from ceilings, using wire.
- Fasten metal or rockboard lath to the structural framework of walls, ceilings, or partitions of buildings, using nails, screws, staples, or wire-ties.
- Install blanket insulation between studs and tack plastic moisture barriers over insulation.
- Apply or mount acoustical tile or blocks, strips, or sheets of shock-absorbing materials to ceilings or walls of buildings to reduce reflection of sound or to decorate rooms.
- Mount tile, using adhesives, or by nailing, screwing, stapling, or wire-tying lath directly to structural frameworks.
- Nail channels or wood furring strips to surfaces to provide mounting for tile.
- Install metal lath where plaster applications will be exposed to weather or water, or for curved or irregular surfaces.
- Apply cement to backs of tiles and press tiles into place, aligning them with layout marks or joints of previously laid tile.
- Read blueprints or other specifications to determine methods of installation, work procedures, or material or tool requirements.
- Measure and mark surfaces to lay out work, according to blueprints or drawings, using tape measures, straightedges or squares, and marking devices.
- Measure and cut openings in panels or tiles for electrical outlets, windows, vents, plumbing, or other fixtures, using keyhole saws or other cutting tools.
- Cut metal or wood framing and trim to size, using cutting tools.
- Inspect furrings, mechanical mountings, or masonry surfaces for plumbness and level, using spirit or water levels.
- Trim rough edges from wallboard to maintain even joints, using knives.
- Coordinate work with drywall finishers who cover the seams between drywall panels.
- Scribe and cut edges of tile to fit walls where wall molding is not specified.
- Hang dry lines to wall moldings to guide positioning of main runners.
- Seal joints between ceiling tiles and walls.
- Remove existing plaster, drywall, or paneling, using crowbars and hammers.
- Wash concrete surfaces before mounting tile to increase adhesive qualities of surfaces, using washing soda and zinc sulfate solution.
- Install horizontal and vertical metal or wooden studs to frames so that wallboard can be attached to interior walls.
- Fit and fasten wallboard or drywall into position on wood or metal frameworks, using glue, nails, or screws.
- Assemble or install metal framing or decorative trim for windows, doorways, or vents.
- Cut fixture or border tiles to size, using keyhole saws, and insert them into surrounding frameworks.
- Cut and screw together metal channels to make floor or ceiling frames, according to plans for the location of rooms or hallways.
- Hang drywall panels on metal frameworks of walls and ceilings in offices, schools, or other large buildings, using lifts or hoists to adjust panel heights, when necessary.
- Suspend angle iron grids or channel irons from ceilings, using wire.
- Fasten metal or rockboard lath to the structural framework of walls, ceilings, or partitions of buildings, using nails, screws, staples, or wire-ties.
- Install blanket insulation between studs and tack plastic moisture barriers over insulation.
- Apply or mount acoustical tile or blocks, strips, or sheets of shock-absorbing materials to ceilings or walls of buildings to reduce reflection of sound or to decorate rooms.
- Mount tile, using adhesives, or by nailing, screwing, stapling, or wire-tying lath directly to structural frameworks.
- Nail channels or wood furring strips to surfaces to provide mounting for tile.
- Install metal lath where plaster applications will be exposed to weather or water, or for curved or irregular surfaces.
- Apply cement to backs of tiles and press tiles into place, aligning them with layout marks or joints of previously laid tile.
- Inspect the surface to be covered to determine its condition, and correct any imperfections that might show through carpet or cause carpet to wear unevenly.
- Join edges of carpet and seam edges where necessary, by sewing or by using tape with glue and heated carpet iron.
- Stretch carpet to align with walls and ensure a smooth surface, and press carpet in place over tack strips or use staples, tape, tacks or glue to hold carpet in place.
- Install carpet on some floors using adhesive, following prescribed method.
- Measure, cut and install tackless strips along the baseboard or wall.
- Nail tack strips around area to be carpeted or use old strips to attach edges of new carpet.
- Cut carpet padding to size and install padding, following prescribed method.
- Fasten metal treads across door openings or where carpet meets flooring to hold carpet in place.
- Roll out, measure, mark, and cut carpeting to size with a carpet knife, following floor sketches and allowing extra carpet for final fitting.
- Cut and trim carpet to fit along wall edges, openings, and projections, finishing the edges with a wall trimmer.
- Plan the layout of the carpet, allowing for expected traffic patterns and placing seams for best appearance and longest wear.
- Take measurements and study floor sketches to calculate the area to be carpeted and the amount of material needed.
- Clean up before and after installation, including vacuuming carpet and discarding remnant pieces.
- Draw building diagrams and record dimensions.
- Move furniture from area to be carpeted and remove old carpet and padding.
- Cut and bind material.
- Inspect the surface to be covered to determine its condition, and correct any imperfections that might show through carpet or cause carpet to wear unevenly.
- Join edges of carpet and seam edges where necessary, by sewing or by using tape with glue and heated carpet iron.
- Stretch carpet to align with walls and ensure a smooth surface, and press carpet in place over tack strips or use staples, tape, tacks or glue to hold carpet in place.
- Install carpet on some floors using adhesive, following prescribed method.
- Measure, cut and install tackless strips along the baseboard or wall.
- Nail tack strips around area to be carpeted or use old strips to attach edges of new carpet.
- Cut carpet padding to size and install padding, following prescribed method.
- Fasten metal treads across door openings or where carpet meets flooring to hold carpet in place.
- Inspect buildings to identify required weatherization measures, including repair work, modification, or replacement.
- Install and seal air ducts, combustion air openings, or ventilation openings to improve heating and cooling efficiency.
- Apply insulation materials, such as loose, blanket, board, and foam insulation to attics, crawl spaces, basements, or walls.
- Make minor repairs using basic hand or power tools and materials, such as glass, lumber, and drywall.
- Wrap air ducts and water lines with insulating materials, such as duct wrap and pipe insulation.
- Prepare and apply weather-stripping, glazing, caulking, or door sweeps to reduce energy losses.
- Install storm windows or storm doors and verify proper fit.
- Wrap water heaters with water heater blankets.
- Test combustible appliances, such as gas appliances.
- Determine amount of air leakage in buildings, using a blower door machine.
- Test and diagnose air flow systems, using furnace efficiency analysis equipment.
- Recommend weatherization techniques to clients in accordance with needs and applicable energy regulations, codes, policies, or statutes.
- Prepare cost estimates or specifications for rehabilitation or weatherization services.
- Contact residents or building owners to schedule appointments.
- Clean and maintain tools and equipment.
- Apply spackling, compounding, or other materials to repair holes in walls.
- Explain recommendations, policies, procedures, requirements, or other related information to residents or building owners.
- Maintain activity logs, financial transaction logs, or other records of weatherization work performed.
- Explain energy conservation measures, such as the use of low flow showerheads and energy-efficient lighting.
- Prepare or assist in the preparation of bids, contracts, or written reports related to weatherization work.
- Inspect buildings to identify required weatherization measures, including repair work, modification, or replacement.
- Install and seal air ducts, combustion air openings, or ventilation openings to improve heating and cooling efficiency.
- Apply insulation materials, such as loose, blanket, board, and foam insulation to attics, crawl spaces, basements, or walls.
- Make minor repairs using basic hand or power tools and materials, such as glass, lumber, and drywall.
- Wrap air ducts and water lines with insulating materials, such as duct wrap and pipe insulation.
- Prepare and apply weather-stripping, glazing, caulking, or door sweeps to reduce energy losses.
- Install storm windows or storm doors and verify proper fit.
- Wrap water heaters with water heater blankets.
- Install pre-assembled metal or wood frameworks for windows or doors to be fitted with glass panels, using hand tools.
- Fabricate or install metal sashes or moldings for glass installation, using aluminum or steel framing.
- Set glass doors into frames and bolt metal hinges, handles, locks, or other hardware to attach doors to frames and walls.
- Cut and attach mounting strips, metal or wood moldings, rubber gaskets, or metal clips to surfaces in preparation for mirror installation.
- Assemble, erect, or dismantle scaffolds, rigging, or hoisting equipment.
- Secure mirrors in position, using mastic cement, putty, bolts, or screws.
- Fasten glass panes into wood sashes or frames with clips, points, or moldings, adding weather seals or putty around pane edges to seal joints.
- Cut, assemble, fit, or attach metal-framed glass enclosures for showers, bathtubs, display cases, skylights, solariums, or other structures.
- Read and interpret blueprints or specifications to determine size, shape, color, type, or thickness of glass, location of framing, installation procedures, or staging or scaffolding materials required.
- Determine plumb of walls or ceilings, using plumb lines and levels.
- Operate cranes or hoists with suction cups to lift large, heavy pieces of glass.
- Cut, fit, install, repair, or replace glass or glass substitutes, such as plastic or aluminum, in building interiors or exteriors or in furniture or other products.
- Drive trucks to installation sites and unload mirrors, glass equipment, or tools.
- Load and arrange glass or mirrors onto delivery trucks, using suction cups or cranes to lift glass.
- Measure mirrors and dimensions of areas to be covered to determine work procedures.
- Pack spaces between moldings and glass with glazing compounds and trim excess material with glazing knives.
- Cut and remove broken glass prior to installing replacement glass.
- Measure and mark outlines or patterns on glass to indicate cutting lines.
- Grind or polish glass, smoothing edges when necessary.
- Score glass with cutters' wheels, breaking off excess glass by hand or with notched tools.
- Prepare glass for cutting by resting it on rack edges or against cutting tables and brushing thin layer of oil along cutting lines or dipping cutting tools in oil.
- Move furniture to clear work sites and cover floors or furnishings with drop cloths.
- Confer with customers to determine project requirements or to provide cost estimates.
- Select the type or color of glass or mirror according to specifications.
- Measure, cut, fit, and press anti-glare adhesive film to glass or spray glass with tinting solution to prevent light glare.
- Assemble and cement sections of stained glass together.
- Create patterns on glass by etching, sandblasting, or painting designs.
- Install pre-assembled metal or wood frameworks for windows or doors to be fitted with glass panels, using hand tools.
- Fabricate or install metal sashes or moldings for glass installation, using aluminum or steel framing.
- Set glass doors into frames and bolt metal hinges, handles, locks, or other hardware to attach doors to frames and walls.
- Cut and attach mounting strips, metal or wood moldings, rubber gaskets, or metal clips to surfaces in preparation for mirror installation.
- Assemble, erect, or dismantle scaffolds, rigging, or hoisting equipment.
- Secure mirrors in position, using mastic cement, putty, bolts, or screws.
- Fasten glass panes into wood sashes or frames with clips, points, or moldings, adding weather seals or putty around pane edges to seal joints.
- Cut, assemble, fit, or attach metal-framed glass enclosures for showers, bathtubs, display cases, skylights, solariums, or other structures.
- Examine brickwork or structure to determine need for repair.
- Construct corners by fastening in plumb position a corner pole or building a corner pyramid of bricks, and filling in between the corners using a line from corner to corner to guide each course, or layer, of brick.
- Fasten or fuse brick or other building material to structure with wire clamps, anchor holes, torch, or cement.
- Lay and align bricks, blocks, or tiles to build or repair structures or high temperature equipment, such as cupola, kilns, ovens, or furnaces.
- Measure distance from reference points and mark guidelines to lay out work, using plumb bobs and levels.
- Apply and smooth mortar or other mixture over work surface.
- Calculate angles and courses and determine vertical and horizontal alignment of courses.
- Break or cut bricks, tiles, or blocks to size, using trowel edge, hammer, or power saw.
- Interpret blueprints and drawings to determine specifications and to calculate the materials required.
- Remove excess mortar with trowels and hand tools, and finish mortar joints with jointing tools, for a sealed, uniform appearance.
- Clean working surface to remove scale, dust, soot, or chips of brick and mortar, using broom, wire brush, or scraper.
- Mix specified amounts of sand, clay, dirt, or mortar powder with water to form refractory mixtures.
- Remove burned or damaged brick or mortar, using sledgehammer, crowbar, chipping gun, or chisel.
- Spray or spread refractory material over brickwork to protect against deterioration.
- Examine brickwork or structure to determine need for repair.
- Construct corners by fastening in plumb position a corner pole or building a corner pyramid of bricks, and filling in between the corners using a line from corner to corner to guide each course, or layer, of brick.
- Fasten or fuse brick or other building material to structure with wire clamps, anchor holes, torch, or cement.
- Lay and align bricks, blocks, or tiles to build or repair structures or high temperature equipment, such as cupola, kilns, ovens, or furnaces.
- Fasten timbers or lumber with glue, screws, pegs, or nails and install hardware.
- Erect scaffolding, shoring, or braces.
- Install handrails under the direction of a carpenter.
- Cut and install insulating or sound-absorbing material.
- Clean work areas, machines, or equipment, to maintain a clean and safe job site.
- Perform tie spacing layout and measure, mark, drill or cut.
- Select tools, equipment, or materials from storage and transport items to work site.
- Drill holes in timbers or lumber.
- Cut timbers, lumber, or paneling to specified dimensions.
- Position and hold timbers, lumber, or paneling in place for fastening or cutting.
- Align, straighten, plumb, or square forms for installation.
- Hold plumb bobs, sighting rods, or other equipment to aid in establishing reference points and lines.
- Construct forms and assist in raising them to the required elevation.
- Glue and clamp edges or joints of assembled parts.
- Smooth or sand surfaces to remove ridges, tool marks, glue, or caulking.
- Secure stakes to grids for constructions of footings, nail scabs to footing forms, and vibrate and float concrete.
- Cut tile or linoleum to fit and spread adhesives on flooring for installation.
- Cover surfaces with laminated plastic covering material.
- Fasten timbers or lumber with glue, screws, pegs, or nails and install hardware.
- Erect scaffolding, shoring, or braces.
- Install handrails under the direction of a carpenter.
- Cut and install insulating or sound-absorbing material.
- Inspect structures to assess material or equipment needs, to establish the sequence of pipe installations, or to plan installation around obstructions, such as electrical wiring.
- Inspect work sites for obstructions or holes that could cause structural weakness.
- Shut off steam, water, or other gases or liquids from pipe sections, using valve keys or wrenches.
- Install underground storm, sanitary, or water piping systems, extending piping as needed to connect fixtures and plumbing.
- Assemble pipe sections, tubing, or fittings, using couplings, clamps, screws, bolts, cement, plastic solvent, caulking, or soldering, brazing, or welding equipment.
- Locate and mark the position of pipe installations, connections, passage holes, or fixtures in structures, using measuring instruments such as rulers or levels.
- Cut, thread, or hammer pipes to specifications, using tools such as saws, cutting torches, pipe threaders, or pipe benders.
- Lay out full scale drawings of pipe systems, supports, or related equipment, according to blueprints.
- Plan pipe system layout, installation, or repair, according to specifications.
- Review blueprints, building codes, or specifications to determine work details or procedures.
- Select pipe sizes, types, or related materials, such as supports, hangers, or hydraulic cylinders, according to specifications.
- Fill pipes or plumbing fixtures with water or air and observe pressure gauges to detect and locate leaks.
- Direct helpers engaged in pipe cutting, preassembly, or installation of plumbing systems or components.
- Inspect, examine, or test installed systems or pipe lines, using pressure gauge, hydrostatic testing, observation, or other methods.
- Install pipe assemblies, fittings, valves, appliances such as dishwashers or water heaters, or fixtures such as sinks or toilets, using hand or power tools.
- Anchor steel supports from ceiling joists to hold pipes in place.
- Attach pipes to walls, structures, or fixtures, such as radiators or tanks, using brackets, clamps, tools, or welding equipment.
- Modify, clean, or maintain pipe systems, units, fittings, or related machines or equipment, using hand or power tools.
- Install automatic controls to regulate pipe systems.
- Estimate time, material, or labor costs for use in project plans.
- Keep records of work assignments.
- Maintain or repair plumbing by replacing defective washers, replacing or mending broken pipes, or opening clogged drains.
- Repair or remove and replace system components.
- Cut openings in structures to accommodate pipes or pipe fittings, using hand or power tools.
- Install green plumbing equipment, such as faucet flow restrictors, dual-flush or pressure-assisted flush toilets, or tankless hot water heaters.
- Install pipe systems to support alternative energy-fueled systems, such as geothermal heating or cooling systems.
- Install fixtures, appliances, or equipment designed to reduce water or energy consumption.
- Repair hydraulic or air pumps.
- Weld small pipes or special piping, using specialized techniques, equipment, or materials, such as computer-assisted welding or microchip fabrication.
- Operate motorized pumps to remove water from flooded manholes, basements, or facility floors.
- Inspect structures to assess material or equipment needs, to establish the sequence of pipe installations, or to plan installation around obstructions, such as electrical wiring.
- Inspect work sites for obstructions or holes that could cause structural weakness.
- Visit site and record information about access, drainage and topography, and availability of utility services.
- Analyze blueprints and other documentation to prepare time, cost, materials, and labor estimates.
- Confer with engineers, architects, owners, contractors, and subcontractors on changes and adjustments to cost estimates.
- Collect historical cost data to estimate costs for current or future products.
- Assess cost effectiveness of products, projects or services, tracking actual costs relative to bids as the project develops.
- Consult with clients, vendors, personnel in other departments, or construction foremen to discuss and formulate estimates and resolve issues.
- Establish and maintain tendering process, and conduct negotiations.
- Prepare estimates for use in selecting vendors or subcontractors.
- Prepare estimates used by management for purposes such as planning, organizing, and scheduling work.
- Set up cost monitoring and reporting systems and procedures.
- Review material and labor requirements to decide whether it is more cost-effective to produce or purchase components.
- Prepare cost and expenditure statements and other necessary documentation at regular intervals for the duration of the project.
- Conduct special studies to develop and establish standard hour and related cost data or to reduce cost.
- Prepare and maintain a directory of suppliers, contractors and subcontractors.
- Visit site and record information about access, drainage and topography, and availability of utility services.
- Inspect surface to be covered to ensure that it is firm and dry.
- Sweep, scrape, sand, or chip dirt and irregularities to clean base surfaces, correcting imperfections that may show through the covering.
- Cut flooring material to fit around obstructions.
- Trim excess covering materials, tack edges, and join sections of covering material to form tight joint.
- Form a smooth foundation by stapling plywood or Masonite over the floor or by brushing waterproof compound onto surface and filling cracks with plaster, putty, or grout to seal pores.
- Measure and mark guidelines on surfaces or foundations, using chalk lines and dividers.
- Cut covering and foundation materials, according to blueprints and sketches.
- Roll and press sheet wall and floor covering into cement base to smooth and finish surface, using hand roller.
- Apply adhesive cement to floor or wall material to join and adhere foundation material.
- Determine traffic areas and decide location of seams.
- Lay out, position, and apply shock-absorbing, sound-deadening, or decorative coverings to floors, walls, and cabinets, following guidelines to keep courses straight and create designs.
- Remove excess cement to clean finished surface.
- Disconnect and remove appliances, light fixtures, and worn floor and wall covering from floors, walls, and cabinets.
- Heat and soften floor covering materials to patch cracks or fit floor coverings around irregular surfaces, using blowtorch.
- Inspect surface to be covered to ensure that it is firm and dry.
