Study human society and social behavior by examining the groups and social institutions that people form, as well as various social, religious, political, and business organizations. May study the behavior and interaction of groups, trace their origin and growth, and analyze the influence of group activities on individual members.
Sample of reported job titles:
Demographer, Evaluation Specialist, Medical Sociologist, Policy Analyst, Research Associate, Research Coordinator, Research Scientist, Research Specialist, Social Scientist, Sociologist
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Tasks
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Analyze and interpret data to increase the understanding of human social behavior.
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Prepare publications and reports containing research findings.
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Develop, implement, and evaluate methods of data collection, such as questionnaires or interviews.
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Collect data about the attitudes, values, and behaviors of people in groups, using observation, interviews, and review of documents.
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Plan and conduct research to develop and test theories about societal issues such as crime, group relations, poverty, and aging.
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Present research findings at professional meetings.
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Explain sociological research to the general public.
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Develop problem intervention procedures, using techniques such as interviews, consultations, role playing, and participant observation of group interactions.
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Consult with and advise individuals such as administrators, social workers, and legislators regarding social issues and policies, as well as the implications of research findings.
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Direct work of statistical clerks, statisticians, and others who compile and evaluate research data.
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Collaborate with research workers in other disciplines.
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Write grants to obtain funding for research projects.
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Develop approaches to the solution of groups' problems, based on research findings in sociology and related disciplines.
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Observe group interactions and role affiliations to collect data, identify problems, evaluate progress, and determine the need for additional change.
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Technology Skills
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Accounting software — Fund accounting software
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Analytical or scientific software — IBM SPSS Statistics
![Hot technology](/shared/image/logos/hot_tech.svg)
; SAS
![Hot technology](/shared/image/logos/hot_tech.svg)
; StataCorp Stata; VERBI MAXQDA
; 6 more
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Customer relationship management CRM software — Salesforce software
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Data base user interface and query software — Microsoft Access
![Hot technology](/shared/image/logos/hot_tech.svg)
; QSR International NVivo; Qualtrics Research Suite; Thomson Reuters EndNote
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Desktop publishing software — Microsoft Publisher
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Document management software — Adobe Acrobat
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Electronic mail software — Email software; Microsoft Outlook
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Enterprise resource planning ERP software — SAP software
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Geographic information system — ESRI ArcGIS software
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Graphics or photo imaging software — Adobe Photoshop
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Information retrieval or search software — Online reference databases
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Internet browser software — Web browser software
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Object or component oriented development software — R
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Object oriented data base management software — Database management system DBMS
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Office suite software — Microsoft Office software
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Operating system software — Microsoft Windows
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Presentation software — Microsoft PowerPoint
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Process mapping and design software — Microsoft Visio
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Project management software — Microsoft Project
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Spreadsheet software — Microsoft Excel
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Web page creation and editing software — Adobe Dreamweaver; Facebook
![Hot technology](/shared/image/logos/hot_tech.svg)
; Social media sites; Web editing software
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Word processing software — Helios TextPad; Microsoft Word
Hot Technologies are requirements most frequently included across all employer job postings.
In Demand skills are frequently included in employer job postings for this occupation.
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Work Activities
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Getting Information — Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sources.
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Analyzing Data or Information — Identifying the underlying principles, reasons, or facts of information by breaking down information or data into separate parts.
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Interpreting the Meaning of Information for Others — Translating or explaining what information means and how it can be used.
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Processing Information — Compiling, coding, categorizing, calculating, tabulating, auditing, or verifying information or data.
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Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge — Keeping up-to-date technically and applying new knowledge to your job.
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Thinking Creatively — Developing, designing, or creating new applications, ideas, relationships, systems, or products, including artistic contributions.
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Working with Computers — Using computers and computer systems (including hardware and software) to program, write software, set up functions, enter data, or process information.
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Training and Teaching Others — Identifying the educational needs of others, developing formal educational or training programs or classes, and teaching or instructing others.
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Documenting/Recording Information — Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information in written or electronic/magnetic form.
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Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events — Identifying information by categorizing, estimating, recognizing differences or similarities, and detecting changes in circumstances or events.
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Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work — Developing specific goals and plans to prioritize, organize, and accomplish your work.
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Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates — Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone, in written form, e-mail, or in person.
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Making Decisions and Solving Problems — Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and solve problems.
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Communicating with People Outside the Organization — Communicating with people outside the organization, representing the organization to customers, the public, government, and other external sources. This information can be exchanged in person, in writing, or by telephone or e-mail.
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Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships — Developing constructive and cooperative working relationships with others, and maintaining them over time.
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Judging the Qualities of Objects, Services, or People — Assessing the value, importance, or quality of things or people.
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Developing Objectives and Strategies — Establishing long-range objectives and specifying the strategies and actions to achieve them.
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Estimating the Quantifiable Characteristics of Products, Events, or Information — Estimating sizes, distances, and quantities; or determining time, costs, resources, or materials needed to perform a work activity.
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Coordinating the Work and Activities of Others — Getting members of a group to work together to accomplish tasks.
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Providing Consultation and Advice to Others — Providing guidance and expert advice to management or other groups on technical, systems-, or process-related topics.
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Scheduling Work and Activities — Scheduling events, programs, and activities, as well as the work of others.
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Coaching and Developing Others — Identifying the developmental needs of others and coaching, mentoring, or otherwise helping others to improve their knowledge or skills.
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Monitoring Processes, Materials, or Surroundings — Monitoring and reviewing information from materials, events, or the environment, to detect or assess problems.
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Performing for or Working Directly with the Public — Performing for people or dealing directly with the public. This includes serving customers in restaurants and stores, and receiving clients or guests.
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Guiding, Directing, and Motivating Subordinates — Providing guidance and direction to subordinates, including setting performance standards and monitoring performance.
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Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards — Using relevant information and individual judgment to determine whether events or processes comply with laws, regulations, or standards.
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Detailed Work Activities
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Conduct research on social issues.
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Interpret research or operational data.
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Prepare scientific or technical reports or presentations.
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Collect information from people through observation, interviews, or surveys.
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Develop methods of social or economic research.
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Instruct college students in social sciences or humanities disciplines.
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Plan social sciences research.
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Present research results to others.
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Inform viewers, listeners, or audiences.
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Present information to the public.
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Design psychological or educational treatment procedures or programs.
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Advise others on matters of public policy.
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Supervise scientific or technical personnel.
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Coordinate cross-disciplinary research programs.
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Prepare proposals or grant applications to obtain project funding.
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Work Context
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Electronic Mail — 100% responded “Every day.”
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Freedom to Make Decisions — 80% responded “A lot of freedom.”
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Structured versus Unstructured Work — 70% responded “A lot of freedom.”
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Face-to-Face Discussions — 50% responded “Every day.”
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Duration of Typical Work Week — 65% responded “More than 40 hours.”
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Spend Time Sitting — 50% responded “More than half the time.”
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Importance of Being Exact or Accurate — 55% responded “Very important.”
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Indoors, Environmentally Controlled — 63% responded “Every day.”
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Level of Competition — 37% responded “Extremely competitive.”
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Public Speaking — 50% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
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Telephone — 58% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
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Letters and Memos — 37% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
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Contact With Others — 40% responded “Contact with others most of the time.”
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Work With Work Group or Team — 42% responded “Important.”
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Time Pressure — 45% responded “Once a month or more but not every week.”
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Coordinate or Lead Others — 42% responded “Very important.”
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Responsibility for Outcomes and Results — 41% responded “Moderate responsibility.”
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Job Zone
- Title
- Job Zone Five: Extensive Preparation Needed
- Education
- Most of these occupations require graduate school. For example, they may require a master's degree, and some require a Ph.D., M.D., or J.D. (law degree).
- Related Experience
- Extensive skill, knowledge, and experience are needed for these occupations. Many require more than five years of experience. For example, surgeons must complete four years of college and an additional five to seven years of specialized medical training to be able to do their job.
- Job Training
- Employees may need some on-the-job training, but most of these occupations assume that the person will already have the required skills, knowledge, work-related experience, and/or training.
- Job Zone Examples
- These occupations often involve coordinating, training, supervising, or managing the activities of others to accomplish goals. Very advanced communication and organizational skills are required. Examples include pharmacists, lawyers, astronomers, biologists, clergy, physician assistants, and veterinarians.
- SVP Range
- (8.0 and above)
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Training & Credentials
- State training
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- Local training
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- Certifications
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- State licenses
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Apprenticeship Opportunities
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Skills
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Active Listening — Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand the points being made, asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times.
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Speaking — Talking to others to convey information effectively.
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Active Learning — Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future problem-solving and decision-making.
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Critical Thinking — Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclusions, or approaches to problems.
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Reading Comprehension — Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work-related documents.
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Writing — Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audience.
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Learning Strategies — Selecting and using training/instructional methods and procedures appropriate for the situation when learning or teaching new things.
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Social Perceptiveness — Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react as they do.
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Complex Problem Solving — Identifying complex problems and reviewing related information to develop and evaluate options and implement solutions.
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Instructing — Teaching others how to do something.
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Judgment and Decision Making — Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the most appropriate one.
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Monitoring — Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organizations to make improvements or take corrective action.
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Coordination — Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions.
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Science — Using scientific rules and methods to solve problems.
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Systems Analysis — Determining how a system should work and how changes in conditions, operations, and the environment will affect outcomes.
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Systems Evaluation — Identifying measures or indicators of system performance and the actions needed to improve or correct performance, relative to the goals of the system.
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Service Orientation — Actively looking for ways to help people.
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Time Management — Managing one's own time and the time of others.
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Knowledge
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Sociology and Anthropology — Knowledge of group behavior and dynamics, societal trends and influences, human migrations, ethnicity, cultures, and their history and origins.
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English Language — Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition, and grammar.
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Education and Training — Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and training design, teaching and instruction for individuals and groups, and the measurement of training effects.
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Mathematics — Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their applications.
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History and Archeology — Knowledge of historical events and their causes, indicators, and effects on civilizations and cultures.
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Computers and Electronics — Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and computer hardware and software, including applications and programming.
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Law and Government — Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court procedures, precedents, government regulations, executive orders, agency rules, and the democratic political process.
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Philosophy and Theology — Knowledge of different philosophical systems and religions. This includes their basic principles, values, ethics, ways of thinking, customs, practices, and their impact on human culture.
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Psychology — Knowledge of human behavior and performance; individual differences in ability, personality, and interests; learning and motivation; psychological research methods; and the assessment and treatment of behavioral and affective disorders.
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Education
How much education does a new hire need to perform a job in this occupation? Respondents said:
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responded:
Doctoral degree required
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responded:
Master’s degree required
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responded:
Bachelor’s degree required
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Abilities
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Oral Comprehension — The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through spoken words and sentences.
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Oral Expression — The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will understand.
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Inductive Reasoning — The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusions (includes finding a relationship among seemingly unrelated events).
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Written Comprehension — The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.
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Written Expression — The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will understand.
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Deductive Reasoning — The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that make sense.
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Speech Clarity — The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you.
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Near Vision — The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).
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Speech Recognition — The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person.
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Category Flexibility — The ability to generate or use different sets of rules for combining or grouping things in different ways.
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Problem Sensitivity — The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does not involve solving the problem, only recognizing that there is a problem.
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Fluency of Ideas — The ability to come up with a number of ideas about a topic (the number of ideas is important, not their quality, correctness, or creativity).
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Information Ordering — The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according to a specific rule or set of rules (e.g., patterns of numbers, letters, words, pictures, mathematical operations).
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Originality — The ability to come up with unusual or clever ideas about a given topic or situation, or to develop creative ways to solve a problem.
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Mathematical Reasoning — The ability to choose the right mathematical methods or formulas to solve a problem.
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Interests
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Investigative — Work involves studying and researching non-living objects, living organisms, disease or other forms of impairment, or human behavior. Investigative occupations are often associated with physical, life, medical, or social sciences, and can be found in the fields of humanities, mathematics/statistics, information technology, or health care service.
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Social — Work involves helping, teaching, advising, assisting, or providing service to others. Social occupations are often associated with social, health care, personal service, teaching/education, or religious activities.
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Artistic — Work involves creating original visual artwork, performances, written works, food, or music for a variety of media, or applying artistic principles to the design of various objects and materials. Artistic occupations are often associated with visual arts, applied arts and design, performing arts, music, creative writing, media, or culinary art.
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Work Values
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Achievement — Occupations that satisfy this work value are results oriented and allow employees to use their strongest abilities, giving them a feeling of accomplishment. Corresponding needs are Ability Utilization and Achievement.
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Independence — Occupations that satisfy this work value allow employees to work on their own and make decisions. Corresponding needs are Creativity, Responsibility and Autonomy.
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Recognition — Occupations that satisfy this work value offer advancement, potential for leadership, and are often considered prestigious. Corresponding needs are Advancement, Authority, Recognition and Social Status.
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Work Styles
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Analytical Thinking — Job requires analyzing information and using logic to address work-related issues and problems.
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Initiative — Job requires a willingness to take on responsibilities and challenges.
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Persistence — Job requires persistence in the face of obstacles.
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Achievement/Effort — Job requires establishing and maintaining personally challenging achievement goals and exerting effort toward mastering tasks.
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Independence — Job requires developing one's own ways of doing things, guiding oneself with little or no supervision, and depending on oneself to get things done.
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Integrity — Job requires being honest and ethical.
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Attention to Detail — Job requires being careful about detail and thorough in completing work tasks.
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Innovation — Job requires creativity and alternative thinking to develop new ideas for and answers to work-related problems.
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Stress Tolerance — Job requires accepting criticism and dealing calmly and effectively with high-stress situations.
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Dependability — Job requires being reliable, responsible, and dependable, and fulfilling obligations.
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Social Orientation — Job requires preferring to work with others rather than alone, and being personally connected with others on the job.
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Adaptability/Flexibility — Job requires being open to change (positive or negative) and to considerable variety in the workplace.
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Concern for Others — Job requires being sensitive to others' needs and feelings and being understanding and helpful on the job.
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Self-Control — Job requires maintaining composure, keeping emotions in check, controlling anger, and avoiding aggressive behavior, even in very difficult situations.
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Cooperation — Job requires being pleasant with others on the job and displaying a good-natured, cooperative attitude.
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Leadership — Job requires a willingness to lead, take charge, and offer opinions and direction.
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Wages & Employment Trends
- Median wages (2022)
- $47.40 hourly, $98,590 annual
- State wages
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- Local wages
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- Employment (2022)
- 3,300 employees
- Projected growth (2022-2032)
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Faster than average (5% to 8%)
- Projected job openings (2022-2032)
- 300
- State trends
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- Top industries (2022)
-
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics 2022 wage data
external site and 2022-2032 employment projections
external site.
“Projected growth” represents the estimated change in total employment over the projections period (2022-2032). “Projected job openings” represent openings due to growth and replacement.
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Job Openings on the Web
- State job openings
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- Local job openings
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Professional Associations
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Sources are listed to provide additional information on related jobs, specialties, and/or industries.
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Actively assisted with the O*NET data collection, helping to identify occupational experts who can be surveyed about their work in the occupation.
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