The Clinical Nurse Specialist (CNS) independently provides advanced theory and research-based care to clients, and facilitates attainment of health goals. Within the practice of advanced nursing, the CNS provides innovation in nursing practice, based upon clinical expertise, evidence-based decision making, and leadership skills. The CNS practices within three (3) spheres of influence. These three spheres of influence are: individual clients and populations; nurses and other multidisciplinary team members; and organizations. Practice may target one or more spheres of influence.