Details Report for:
29-1069.10 - Radiologists

Examine and diagnose disorders and diseases using x-rays and radioactive materials. May treat patients.

Sample of reported job titles: Attending Radiologist; Diagnostic Radiologist; Interventional Neuroradiologist; Interventional Radiologist; Neuroradiologist; Physician; Radiologist; Radiologist, Chief of Breast Imaging; Radiology Resident; Staff Radiologist

View report: Summary Details Custom

Tasks Save Table (XLS/CSV)

Importance	Category	Task
95	Core	Obtain patients' histories from electronic records, patient interviews, dictated reports, or by communicating with referring clinicians.
95	Core	Prepare comprehensive interpretive reports of findings.
95	Core	Perform or interpret the outcomes of diagnostic imaging procedures including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computer tomography (CT), positron emission tomography (PET), nuclear cardiology treadmill studies, mammography, or ultrasound.
93	Core	Review or transmit images and information using picture archiving or communications systems.
93	Core	Communicate examination results or diagnostic information to referring physicians, patients, or families.
90	Core	Evaluate medical information to determine patients' risk factors, such as allergies to contrast agents, or to make decisions regarding the appropriateness of procedures.
89	Core	Provide counseling to radiologic patients to explain the processes, risks, benefits, or alternative treatments.
87	Core	Instruct radiologic staff in desired techniques, positions, or projections.
87	Core	Confer with medical professionals regarding image-based diagnoses.
86	Core	Coordinate radiological services with other medical activities.
86	Core	Document the performance, interpretation, or outcomes of all procedures performed.
84	Core	Establish or enforce standards for protection of patients or personnel.
83	Core	Develop or monitor procedures to ensure adequate quality control of images.
81	Core	Recognize or treat complications during and after procedures, including blood pressure problems, pain, oversedation, or bleeding.
76	Core	Administer radiopaque substances by injection, orally, or as enemas to render internal structures and organs visible on x-ray films or fluoroscopic screens.
74	Core	Participate in continuing education activities to maintain and develop expertise.
71	Core	Participate in quality improvement activities including discussions of areas where risk of error is high.
66	Core	Supervise and teach residents or medical students.
64	Core	Implement protocols in areas such as drugs, resuscitation, emergencies, power failures, or infection control.
62	Core	Schedule examinations and assign radiologic personnel.
61	Core	Provide advice on types or quantities of radiology equipment needed to maintain facilities.
54	Core	Participate in research projects involving radiology.
89	Supplemental	Perform interventional procedures such as image-guided biopsy, percutaneous transluminal angioplasty, transhepatic biliary drainage, or nephrostomy catheter placement.
88	Supplemental	Administer or maintain conscious sedation during and after procedures.
85	Supplemental	Interpret images using computer-aided detection or diagnosis systems.
79	Supplemental	Serve as an offsite teleradiologist for facilities that do not have on-site radiologists.
74	Supplemental	Develop treatment plans for radiology patients.
71	Supplemental	Treat malignant internal or external growths by exposure to radiation from radiographs (x-rays), high energy sources, or natural or synthetic radioisotopes.
68	Supplemental	Conduct physical examinations to inform decisions about appropriate procedures.

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Technology Skills Save Table (XLS/CSV)

Electronic mail software — Email software
Internet browser software — Web browser software
Medical software — Bizmatics PrognoCIS EMR; MEDITECH software ; RamSoft PowerServer RIS/PACS; Vitera Healthcare Solutions Vitera Intergy RIS (see all 39 examples)
Spreadsheet software — Microsoft Excel
Voice recognition software
Word processing software — Microsoft Word

Hot Technology — a technology requirement frequently included in employer job postings.

Tools Used Save Table (XLS/CSV)

Bone densitometer — Bone densitometers
Medical computed tomography CT or CAT complete stationary unit installation — Computed tomography CT equipment
Medical computed tomography CT or CAT ultrafast system components — Single-photon emission computed tomography SPECT cameras
Medical gamma cameras for general use — Gamma cameras
Medical magnetic resonance imaging MRI complete stationary unit installation — Magnetic resonance imaging MRI equipment
Medical positron emission tomography PET units — Positron emission tomography PET equipment
Medical radiation dosimeters — Medical radiation monitors
Medical radiological shielding aprons or masks or drapes — Patient radiation shields
Medical radiology and fluoroscopy RF equipment — Fluoroscopic imaging systems
Medical ultrasound or doppler or pulse echo or echography units for general diagnostic use — Medical ultrasound scanners
Medical x ray film archiving system software — Novarad NovaPacs
Medical x ray units for general diagnostic use — X ray machines

Knowledge Save Table (XLS/CSV)

Importance		Knowledge
96		Medicine and Dentistry — Knowledge of the information and techniques needed to diagnose and treat human injuries, diseases, and deformities. This includes symptoms, treatment alternatives, drug properties and interactions, and preventive health-care measures.
81		Biology — Knowledge of plant and animal organisms, their tissues, cells, functions, interdependencies, and interactions with each other and the environment.
77		English Language — Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition, and grammar.
71		Education and Training — Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and training design, teaching and instruction for individuals and groups, and the measurement of training effects.
68		Physics — Knowledge and prediction of physical principles, laws, their interrelationships, and applications to understanding fluid, material, and atmospheric dynamics, and mechanical, electrical, atomic and sub- atomic structures and processes.
64		Computers and Electronics — Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and computer hardware and software, including applications and programming.
64		Customer and Personal Service — Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal services. This includes customer needs assessment, meeting quality standards for services, and evaluation of customer satisfaction.
56		Public Safety and Security — Knowledge of relevant equipment, policies, procedures, and strategies to promote effective local, state, or national security operations for the protection of people, data, property, and institutions.
53		Psychology — Knowledge of human behavior and performance; individual differences in ability, personality, and interests; learning and motivation; psychological research methods; and the assessment and treatment of behavioral and affective disorders.
52		Mathematics — Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their applications.
49		Engineering and Technology — Knowledge of the practical application of engineering science and technology. This includes applying principles, techniques, procedures, and equipment to the design and production of various goods and services.
48		Therapy and Counseling — Knowledge of principles, methods, and procedures for diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of physical and mental dysfunctions, and for career counseling and guidance.
47		Administration and Management — Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, resource allocation, human resources modeling, leadership technique, production methods, and coordination of people and resources.
46		Chemistry — Knowledge of the chemical composition, structure, and properties of substances and of the chemical processes and transformations that they undergo. This includes uses of chemicals and their interactions, danger signs, production techniques, and disposal methods.
46		Telecommunications — Knowledge of transmission, broadcasting, switching, control, and operation of telecommunications systems.
44		Personnel and Human Resources — Knowledge of principles and procedures for personnel recruitment, selection, training, compensation and benefits, labor relations and negotiation, and personnel information systems.
43		Law and Government — Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court procedures, precedents, government regulations, executive orders, agency rules, and the democratic political process.
42		Clerical — Knowledge of administrative and clerical procedures and systems such as word processing, managing files and records, stenography and transcription, designing forms, and other office procedures and terminology.
42		Production and Processing — Knowledge of raw materials, production processes, quality control, costs, and other techniques for maximizing the effective manufacture and distribution of goods.
42		Sales and Marketing — Knowledge of principles and methods for showing, promoting, and selling products or services. This includes marketing strategy and tactics, product demonstration, sales techniques, and sales control systems.
38		Economics and Accounting — Knowledge of economic and accounting principles and practices, the financial markets, banking and the analysis and reporting of financial data.
35		Communications and Media — Knowledge of media production, communication, and dissemination techniques and methods. This includes alternative ways to inform and entertain via written, oral, and visual media.
35		Design — Knowledge of design techniques, tools, and principles involved in production of precision technical plans, blueprints, drawings, and models.
33		Sociology and Anthropology — Knowledge of group behavior and dynamics, societal trends and influences, human migrations, ethnicity, cultures and their history and origins.
23		Foreign Language — Knowledge of the structure and content of a foreign (non-English) language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition and grammar, and pronunciation.
23		Philosophy and Theology — Knowledge of different philosophical systems and religions. This includes their basic principles, values, ethics, ways of thinking, customs, practices, and their impact on human culture.
22		Mechanical — Knowledge of machines and tools, including their designs, uses, repair, and maintenance.
17		Transportation — Knowledge of principles and methods for moving people or goods by air, rail, sea, or road, including the relative costs and benefits.
16		Geography — Knowledge of principles and methods for describing the features of land, sea, and air masses, including their physical characteristics, locations, interrelationships, and distribution of plant, animal, and human life.
15		Building and Construction — Knowledge of materials, methods, and the tools involved in the construction or repair of houses, buildings, or other structures such as highways and roads.
8		Fine Arts — Knowledge of the theory and techniques required to compose, produce, and perform works of music, dance, visual arts, drama, and sculpture.
8		History and Archeology — Knowledge of historical events and their causes, indicators, and effects on civilizations and cultures.
5		Food Production — Knowledge of techniques and equipment for planting, growing, and harvesting food products (both plant and animal) for consumption, including storage/handling techniques.

Skills Save Table (XLS/CSV)

Importance		Skill
81		Writing — Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audience.
78		Active Listening — Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand the points being made, asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times.
78		Critical Thinking — Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclusions or approaches to problems.
78		Reading Comprehension — Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work related documents.
75		Judgment and Decision Making — Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the most appropriate one.
75		Speaking — Talking to others to convey information effectively.
72		Complex Problem Solving — Identifying complex problems and reviewing related information to develop and evaluate options and implement solutions.
72		Monitoring — Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organizations to make improvements or take corrective action.
69		Social Perceptiveness — Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react as they do.
66		Active Learning — Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future problem-solving and decision-making.
66		Instructing — Teaching others how to do something.
63		Science — Using scientific rules and methods to solve problems.
63		Time Management — Managing one's own time and the time of others.
60		Learning Strategies — Selecting and using training/instructional methods and procedures appropriate for the situation when learning or teaching new things.
60		Operation Monitoring — Watching gauges, dials, or other indicators to make sure a machine is working properly.
60		Service Orientation — Actively looking for ways to help people.
56		Management of Personnel Resources — Motivating, developing, and directing people as they work, identifying the best people for the job.
53		Coordination — Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions.
53		Systems Analysis — Determining how a system should work and how changes in conditions, operations, and the environment will affect outcomes.
50		Persuasion — Persuading others to change their minds or behavior.
47		Systems Evaluation — Identifying measures or indicators of system performance and the actions needed to improve or correct performance, relative to the goals of the system.
44		Mathematics — Using mathematics to solve problems.
44		Negotiation — Bringing others together and trying to reconcile differences.
44		Quality Control Analysis — Conducting tests and inspections of products, services, or processes to evaluate quality or performance.
38		Operation and Control — Controlling operations of equipment or systems.
31		Management of Material Resources — Obtaining and seeing to the appropriate use of equipment, facilities, and materials needed to do certain work.
25		Management of Financial Resources — Determining how money will be spent to get the work done, and accounting for these expenditures.
22		Troubleshooting — Determining causes of operating errors and deciding what to do about it.
19		Technology Design — Generating or adapting equipment and technology to serve user needs.
16		Programming — Writing computer programs for various purposes.
10		Equipment Selection — Determining the kind of tools and equipment needed to do a job.
10		Operations Analysis — Analyzing needs and product requirements to create a design.
0		Equipment Maintenance — Performing routine maintenance on equipment and determining when and what kind of maintenance is needed.
0		Installation — Installing equipment, machines, wiring, or programs to meet specifications.
0		Repairing — Repairing machines or systems using the needed tools.

Abilities Save Table (XLS/CSV)

Importance		Ability
91		Problem Sensitivity — The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does not involve solving the problem, only recognizing there is a problem.
88		Inductive Reasoning — The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusions (includes finding a relationship among seemingly unrelated events).
81		Deductive Reasoning — The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that make sense.
81		Near Vision — The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).
81		Oral Comprehension — The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through spoken words and sentences.
81		Oral Expression — The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will understand.
81		Written Comprehension — The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.
75		Written Expression — The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will understand.
69		Flexibility of Closure — The ability to identify or detect a known pattern (a figure, object, word, or sound) that is hidden in other distracting material.
69		Information Ordering — The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according to a specific rule or set of rules (e.g., patterns of numbers, letters, words, pictures, mathematical operations).
69		Speech Clarity — The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you.
66		Category Flexibility — The ability to generate or use different sets of rules for combining or grouping things in different ways.
66		Speech Recognition — The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person.
60		Far Vision — The ability to see details at a distance.
60		Selective Attention — The ability to concentrate on a task over a period of time without being distracted.
56		Fluency of Ideas — The ability to come up with a number of ideas about a topic (the number of ideas is important, not their quality, correctness, or creativity).
56		Perceptual Speed — The ability to quickly and accurately compare similarities and differences among sets of letters, numbers, objects, pictures, or patterns. The things to be compared may be presented at the same time or one after the other. This ability also includes comparing a presented object with a remembered object.
56		Speed of Closure — The ability to quickly make sense of, combine, and organize information into meaningful patterns.
56		Visual Color Discrimination — The ability to match or detect differences between colors, including shades of color and brightness.
53		Mathematical Reasoning — The ability to choose the right mathematical methods or formulas to solve a problem.
53		Originality — The ability to come up with unusual or clever ideas about a given topic or situation, or to develop creative ways to solve a problem.
53		Visualization — The ability to imagine how something will look after it is moved around or when its parts are moved or rearranged.
50		Finger Dexterity — The ability to make precisely coordinated movements of the fingers of one or both hands to grasp, manipulate, or assemble very small objects.
47		Control Precision — The ability to quickly and repeatedly adjust the controls of a machine or a vehicle to exact positions.
47		Memorization — The ability to remember information such as words, numbers, pictures, and procedures.
44		Arm-Hand Steadiness — The ability to keep your hand and arm steady while moving your arm or while holding your arm and hand in one position.
44		Hearing Sensitivity — The ability to detect or tell the differences between sounds that vary in pitch and loudness.
44		Number Facility — The ability to add, subtract, multiply, or divide quickly and correctly.
41		Time Sharing — The ability to shift back and forth between two or more activities or sources of information (such as speech, sounds, touch, or other sources).
35		Manual Dexterity — The ability to quickly move your hand, your hand together with your arm, or your two hands to grasp, manipulate, or assemble objects.
31		Auditory Attention — The ability to focus on a single source of sound in the presence of other distracting sounds.
28		Multilimb Coordination — The ability to coordinate two or more limbs (for example, two arms, two legs, or one leg and one arm) while sitting, standing, or lying down. It does not involve performing the activities while the whole body is in motion.
28		Reaction Time — The ability to quickly respond (with the hand, finger, or foot) to a signal (sound, light, picture) when it appears.
28		Wrist-Finger Speed — The ability to make fast, simple, repeated movements of the fingers, hands, and wrists.
25		Rate Control — The ability to time your movements or the movement of a piece of equipment in anticipation of changes in the speed and/or direction of a moving object or scene.
22		Depth Perception — The ability to judge which of several objects is closer or farther away from you, or to judge the distance between you and an object.
22		Extent Flexibility — The ability to bend, stretch, twist, or reach with your body, arms, and/or legs.
22		Stamina — The ability to exert yourself physically over long periods of time without getting winded or out of breath.
22		Static Strength — The ability to exert maximum muscle force to lift, push, pull, or carry objects.
22		Trunk Strength — The ability to use your abdominal and lower back muscles to support part of the body repeatedly or continuously over time without 'giving out' or fatiguing.
19		Dynamic Strength — The ability to exert muscle force repeatedly or continuously over time. This involves muscular endurance and resistance to muscle fatigue.
19		Gross Body Coordination — The ability to coordinate the movement of your arms, legs, and torso together when the whole body is in motion.
19		Gross Body Equilibrium — The ability to keep or regain your body balance or stay upright when in an unstable position.
19		Response Orientation — The ability to choose quickly between two or more movements in response to two or more different signals (lights, sounds, pictures). It includes the speed with which the correct response is started with the hand, foot, or other body part.
0		Dynamic Flexibility — The ability to quickly and repeatedly bend, stretch, twist, or reach out with your body, arms, and/or legs.
0		Explosive Strength — The ability to use short bursts of muscle force to propel oneself (as in jumping or sprinting), or to throw an object.
0		Glare Sensitivity — The ability to see objects in the presence of glare or bright lighting.
0		Night Vision — The ability to see under low light conditions.
0		Peripheral Vision — The ability to see objects or movement of objects to one's side when the eyes are looking ahead.
0		Sound Localization — The ability to tell the direction from which a sound originated.
0		Spatial Orientation — The ability to know your location in relation to the environment or to know where other objects are in relation to you.
0		Speed of Limb Movement — The ability to quickly move the arms and legs.

Work Activities Save Table (XLS/CSV)

Importance		Work Activity
98		Making Decisions and Solving Problems — Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and solve problems.
93		Documenting/Recording Information — Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information in written or electronic/magnetic form.
92		Getting Information — Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sources.
92		Processing Information — Compiling, coding, categorizing, calculating, tabulating, auditing, or verifying information or data.
91		Assisting and Caring for Others — Providing personal assistance, medical attention, emotional support, or other personal care to others such as coworkers, customers, or patients.
90		Analyzing Data or Information — Identifying the underlying principles, reasons, or facts of information by breaking down information or data into separate parts.
89		Interacting With Computers — Using computers and computer systems (including hardware and software) to program, write software, set up functions, enter data, or process information.
89		Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge — Keeping up-to-date technically and applying new knowledge to your job.
87		Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates — Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone, in written form, e-mail, or in person.
85		Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events — Identifying information by categorizing, estimating, recognizing differences or similarities, and detecting changes in circumstances or events.
83		Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships — Developing constructive and cooperative working relationships with others, and maintaining them over time.
83		Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards — Using relevant information and individual judgment to determine whether events or processes comply with laws, regulations, or standards.
83		Interpreting the Meaning of Information for Others — Translating or explaining what information means and how it can be used.
82		Provide Consultation and Advice to Others — Providing guidance and expert advice to management or other groups on technical, systems-, or process-related topics.
76		Monitor Processes, Materials, or Surroundings — Monitoring and reviewing information from materials, events, or the environment, to detect or assess problems.
73		Judging the Qualities of Things, Services, or People — Assessing the value, importance, or quality of things or people.
72		Training and Teaching Others — Identifying the educational needs of others, developing formal educational or training programs or classes, and teaching or instructing others.
71		Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Material — Inspecting equipment, structures, or materials to identify the cause of errors or other problems or defects.
70		Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work — Developing specific goals and plans to prioritize, organize, and accomplish your work.
70		Performing for or Working Directly with the Public — Performing for people or dealing directly with the public. This includes serving customers in restaurants and stores, and receiving clients or guests.
69		Communicating with Persons Outside Organization — Communicating with people outside the organization, representing the organization to customers, the public, government, and other external sources. This information can be exchanged in person, in writing, or by telephone or e-mail.
68		Estimating the Quantifiable Characteristics of Products, Events, or Information — Estimating sizes, distances, and quantities; or determining time, costs, resources, or materials needed to perform a work activity.
65		Scheduling Work and Activities — Scheduling events, programs, and activities, as well as the work of others.
63		Guiding, Directing, and Motivating Subordinates — Providing guidance and direction to subordinates, including setting performance standards and monitoring performance.
61		Coordinating the Work and Activities of Others — Getting members of a group to work together to accomplish tasks.
61		Developing and Building Teams — Encouraging and building mutual trust, respect, and cooperation among team members.
60		Coaching and Developing Others — Identifying the developmental needs of others and coaching, mentoring, or otherwise helping others to improve their knowledge or skills.
56		Performing Administrative Activities — Performing day-to-day administrative tasks such as maintaining information files and processing paperwork.
55		Resolving Conflicts and Negotiating with Others — Handling complaints, settling disputes, and resolving grievances and conflicts, or otherwise negotiating with others.
54		Monitoring and Controlling Resources — Monitoring and controlling resources and overseeing the spending of money.
53		Controlling Machines and Processes — Using either control mechanisms or direct physical activity to operate machines or processes (not including computers or vehicles).
53		Thinking Creatively — Developing, designing, or creating new applications, ideas, relationships, systems, or products, including artistic contributions.
50		Developing Objectives and Strategies — Establishing long-range objectives and specifying the strategies and actions to achieve them.
46		Staffing Organizational Units — Recruiting, interviewing, selecting, hiring, and promoting employees in an organization.
40		Performing General Physical Activities — Performing physical activities that require considerable use of your arms and legs and moving your whole body, such as climbing, lifting, balancing, walking, stooping, and handling of materials.
36		Selling or Influencing Others — Convincing others to buy merchandise/goods or to otherwise change their minds or actions.
31		Handling and Moving Objects — Using hands and arms in handling, installing, positioning, and moving materials, and manipulating things.
24		Drafting, Laying Out, and Specifying Technical Devices, Parts, and Equipment — Providing documentation, detailed instructions, drawings, or specifications to tell others about how devices, parts, equipment, or structures are to be fabricated, constructed, assembled, modified, maintained, or used.
22		Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment — Running, maneuvering, navigating, or driving vehicles or mechanized equipment, such as forklifts, passenger vehicles, aircraft, or water craft.
15		Repairing and Maintaining Electronic Equipment — Servicing, repairing, calibrating, regulating, fine-tuning, or testing machines, devices, and equipment that operate primarily on the basis of electrical or electronic (not mechanical) principles.
11		Repairing and Maintaining Mechanical Equipment — Servicing, repairing, adjusting, and testing machines, devices, moving parts, and equipment that operate primarily on the basis of mechanical (not electronic) principles.

Detailed Work Activities Save Table (XLS/CSV)

Analyze test data or images to inform diagnosis or treatment.
Collect medical information from patients, family members, or other medical professionals.
Gather medical information from patient histories.
Operate diagnostic imaging equipment.
Prepare reports summarizing patient diagnostic or care activities.
Communicate detailed medical information to patients or family members.
Communicate test or assessment results to medical professionals.
Analyze patient data to determine patient needs or treatment goals.
Explain medical procedures or test results to patients or family members.
Operate on patients to treat conditions.
Administer anesthetics or sedatives to control pain.
Train medical providers.
Inform medical professionals regarding patient conditions and care.
Collaborate with healthcare professionals to plan or provide treatment.
Record patient medical histories.
Determine protocols for medical procedures.
Verify that medical activities or operations meet standards.
Develop healthcare quality and safety procedures.
Monitor patients following surgeries or other treatments.
Administer medical substances for imaging or other procedures.
Maintain medical or professional knowledge.
Develop medical treatment plans.
Administer cancer treatments.
Examine patients to assess general physical condition.
Supervise patient care personnel.
Treat medical emergencies.
Schedule medical facility use.
Advise medical personnel regarding healthcare issues.
Conduct research to increase knowledge about medical issues.

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Work Context Save Table (XLS/CSV)

Work Context

Percentage of Top Responses

Importance of Being Exact or Accurate — How important is being very exact or highly accurate in performing this job?

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99	Extremely important

Indoors, Environmentally Controlled — How often does this job require working indoors in environmentally controlled conditions?


99	Every day

Telephone — How often do you have telephone conversations in this job?


96	Every day

Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results — What results do your decisions usually have on other people or the image or reputation or financial resources of your employer?


91	Very important results

Frequency of Decision Making — How frequently is the worker required to make decisions that affect other people, the financial resources, and/or the image and reputation of the organization?


91	Every day

Time Pressure — How often does this job require the worker to meet strict deadlines?


80	Every day
17	Once a week or more but not every day

Freedom to Make Decisions — How much decision making freedom, without supervision, does the job offer?


74	A lot of freedom
23	Some freedom

Face-to-Face Discussions — How often do you have to have face-to-face discussions with individuals or teams in this job?


60	Every day
40	Once a week or more but not every day

Work With Work Group or Team — How important is it to work with others in a group or team in this job?


29	Very important

Electronic Mail — How often do you use electronic mail in this job?


71	Every day
15	Once a week or more but not every day
14	Once a month or more but not every week

Exposed to Radiation — How often does this job require exposure to radiation?

Responsible for Others' Health and Safety — How much responsibility is there for the health and safety of others in this job?


60	Very high responsibility
30	High responsibility

Exposed to Disease or Infections — How often does this job require exposure to disease/infections?


70	Every day
25	Once a month or more but not every week

Level of Competition — To what extent does this job require the worker to compete or to be aware of competitive pressures?


57	Extremely competitive
20	Highly competitive
17	Moderately competitive

Consequence of Error — How serious would the result usually be if the worker made a mistake that was not readily correctable?


66	Extremely serious
13	Serious
12	Fairly serious

Contact With Others — How much does this job require the worker to be in contact with others (face-to-face, by telephone, or otherwise) in order to perform it?


54	Constant contact with others
29	Contact with others most of the time
14	Occasional contact with others

Importance of Repeating Same Tasks — How important is repeating the same physical activities (e.g., key entry) or mental activities (e.g., checking entries in a ledger) over and over, without stopping, to performing this job?


43	Extremely important
39	Very important
14	Important

Duration of Typical Work Week — Number of hours typically worked in one week.


67	More than 40 hours
20	40 hours
12	Less than 40 hours

Structured versus Unstructured Work — To what extent is this job structured for the worker, rather than allowing the worker to determine tasks, priorities, and goals?


19	A lot of freedom
65	Some freedom
15	Limited freedom

Wear Specialized Protective or Safety Equipment such as Breathing Apparatus, Safety Harness, Full Protection Suits, or Radiation Protection — How much does this job require wearing specialized protective or safety equipment such as breathing apparatus, safety harness, full protection suits, or radiation protection?


39	Once a week or more but not every day
14	Once a year or more but not every month

Responsibility for Outcomes and Results — How responsible is the worker for work outcomes and results of other workers?


43	Very high responsibility
34	High responsibility
15	Limited responsibility

Spend Time Sitting — How much does this job require sitting?


36	More than half the time
24	About half the time

Coordinate or Lead Others — How important is it to coordinate or lead others in accomplishing work activities in this job?


33	Extremely important
45	Very important
14	Fairly important

Deal With External Customers — How important is it to work with external customers or the public in this job?


15	Extremely important
59	Very important
19	Important

Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls — How much does this job require using your hands to handle, control, or feel objects, tools or controls?


48	Continually or almost continually
18	More than half the time
15	Less than half the time
15	Never

Physical Proximity — To what extent does this job require the worker to perform job tasks in close physical proximity to other people?


29	Very close (near touching)
19	Moderately close (at arm's length)
23	Slightly close (e.g., shared office)
28	I work with others but not closely (e.g., private office)

Frequency of Conflict Situations — How often are there conflict situations the employee has to face in this job?


14	Every day
48	Once a week or more but not every day
19	Once a month or more but not every week
15	Never

Letters and Memos — How often does the job require written letters and memos?


19	Every day
23	Once a week or more but not every day
19	Once a month or more but not every week
37	Once a year or more but not every month

Deal With Unpleasant or Angry People — How frequently does the worker have to deal with unpleasant, angry, or discourteous individuals as part of the job requirements?


20	Once a week or more but not every day
21	Once a year or more but not every month

Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets — How much does this job require wearing common protective or safety equipment such as safety shoes, glasses, gloves, hard hats or life jackets?


12	Once a week or more but not every day

Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions — How much does this job require making repetitive motions?


26	Continually or almost continually
19	More than half the time
26	Less than half the time
28	Never

Pace Determined by Speed of Equipment — How important is it to this job that the pace is determined by the speed of equipment or machinery? (This does not refer to keeping busy at all times on this job.)

Public Speaking — How often do you have to perform public speaking in this job?


16	Every day
13	Once a week or more but not every day
65	Once a year or more but not every month

Sounds, Noise Levels Are Distracting or Uncomfortable — How often does this job require working exposed to sounds and noise levels that are distracting or uncomfortable?


28	Once a week or more but not every day
18	Once a month or more but not every week

Degree of Automation — How automated is the job?


15	Highly automated
32	Moderately automated
20	Not at all automated

Exposed to Hazardous Equipment — How often does this job require exposure to hazardous equipment?


27	Every day
14	Once a month or more but not every week
57	Never

Spend Time Standing — How much does this job require standing?


28	About half the time
63	Less than half the time

Cramped Work Space, Awkward Positions — How often does this job require working in cramped work spaces that requires getting into awkward positions?


14	Once a week or more but not every day
26	Once a month or more but not every week
50	Never

Exposed to Contaminants — How often does this job require working exposed to contaminants (such as pollutants, gases, dust or odors)?


13	Once a week or more but not every day
23	Once a month or more but not every week
54	Never

Spend Time Bending or Twisting the Body — How much does this job require bending or twisting your body?


15	More than half the time
37	Less than half the time
43	Never

Exposed to Hazardous Conditions — How often does this job require exposure to hazardous conditions?


12	Once a week or more but not every day
12	Once a month or more but not every week

Exposed to Minor Burns, Cuts, Bites, or Stings — How often does this job require exposure to minor burns, cuts, bites, or stings?


12	Every day
29	Once a year or more but not every month
56	Never

Extremely Bright or Inadequate Lighting — How often does this job require working in extremely bright or inadequate lighting conditions?


18	Every day
74	Never

Very Hot or Cold Temperatures — How often does this job require working in very hot (above 90 F degrees) or very cold (below 32 F degrees) temperatures?


14	Once a week or more but not every day
15	Once a year or more but not every month
69	Never

Spend Time Walking and Running — How much does this job require walking and running?


39	Less than half the time
55	Never

Deal With Physically Aggressive People — How frequently does this job require the worker to deal with physical aggression of violent individuals?


42	Once a year or more but not every month
51	Never

Indoors, Not Environmentally Controlled — How often does this job require working indoors in non-controlled environmental conditions (e.g., warehouse without heat)?


12	Once a week or more but not every day
86	Never

Work Schedules — How regular are the work schedules for this job?


20	Irregular (changes with weather conditions, production demands, or contract duration)
80	Regular (established routine, set schedule)

Spend Time Kneeling, Crouching, Stooping, or Crawling — How much does this job require kneeling, crouching, stooping or crawling?


17	Less than half the time
81	Never

Spend Time Keeping or Regaining Balance — How much does this job require keeping or regaining your balance?


17	Less than half the time
81	Never

In an Enclosed Vehicle or Equipment — How often does this job require working in a closed vehicle or equipment (e.g., car)?

Exposed to Whole Body Vibration — How often does this job require exposure to whole body vibration (e.g., operate a jackhammer)?


96	Never

Exposed to High Places — How often does this job require exposure to high places?


100	Never

In an Open Vehicle or Equipment — How often does this job require working in an open vehicle or equipment (e.g., tractor)?


100	Never

Outdoors, Exposed to Weather — How often does this job require working outdoors, exposed to all weather conditions?


100	Never

Outdoors, Under Cover — How often does this job require working outdoors, under cover (e.g., structure with roof but no walls)?


100	Never

Spend Time Climbing Ladders, Scaffolds, or Poles — How much does this job require climbing ladders, scaffolds, or poles?


100	Never

Job Zone Save Table (XLS/CSV)

Title	Job Zone Five: Extensive Preparation Needed
Education	Most of these occupations require graduate school. For example, they may require a master's degree, and some require a Ph.D., M.D., or J.D. (law degree).
Related Experience	Extensive skill, knowledge, and experience are needed for these occupations. Many require more than five years of experience. For example, surgeons must complete four years of college and an additional five to seven years of specialized medical training to be able to do their job.
Job Training	Employees may need some on-the-job training, but most of these occupations assume that the person will already have the required skills, knowledge, work-related experience, and/or training.
Job Zone Examples	These occupations often involve coordinating, training, supervising, or managing the activities of others to accomplish goals. Very advanced communication and organizational skills are required. Examples include pharmacists, lawyers, astronomers, biologists, clergy, neurologists, and veterinarians.
SVP Range	(8.0 and above)

Education

Percentage of Respondents	Education Level Required
68	Post-doctoral training
11	Bachelor's degree
10	Doctoral degree

Credentials

Interests Save Table (XLS/CSV)

Occupational Interest		Interest
95		Investigative — Investigative occupations frequently involve working with ideas, and require an extensive amount of thinking. These occupations can involve searching for facts and figuring out problems mentally.
83		Realistic — Realistic occupations frequently involve work activities that include practical, hands-on problems and solutions. They often deal with plants, animals, and real-world materials like wood, tools, and machinery. Many of the occupations require working outside, and do not involve a lot of paperwork or working closely with others.
61		Social — Social occupations frequently involve working with, communicating with, and teaching people. These occupations often involve helping or providing service to others.
33		Conventional — Conventional occupations frequently involve following set procedures and routines. These occupations can include working with data and details more than with ideas. Usually there is a clear line of authority to follow.
11		Artistic — Artistic occupations frequently involve working with forms, designs and patterns. They often require self-expression and the work can be done without following a clear set of rules.
0		Enterprising — Enterprising occupations frequently involve starting up and carrying out projects. These occupations can involve leading people and making many decisions. Sometimes they require risk taking and often deal with business.

Work Styles Save Table (XLS/CSV)

Importance		Work Style
88		Attention to Detail — Job requires being careful about detail and thorough in completing work tasks.
84		Concern for Others — Job requires being sensitive to others' needs and feelings and being understanding and helpful on the job.
83		Dependability — Job requires being reliable, responsible, and dependable, and fulfilling obligations.
82		Analytical Thinking — Job requires analyzing information and using logic to address work-related issues and problems.
81		Achievement/Effort — Job requires establishing and maintaining personally challenging achievement goals and exerting effort toward mastering tasks.
81		Integrity — Job requires being honest and ethical.
81		Self Control — Job requires maintaining composure, keeping emotions in check, controlling anger, and avoiding aggressive behavior, even in very difficult situations.
80		Persistence — Job requires persistence in the face of obstacles.
79		Stress Tolerance — Job requires accepting criticism and dealing calmly and effectively with high stress situations.
76		Cooperation — Job requires being pleasant with others on the job and displaying a good-natured, cooperative attitude.
74		Initiative — Job requires a willingness to take on responsibilities and challenges.
73		Independence — Job requires developing one's own ways of doing things, guiding oneself with little or no supervision, and depending on oneself to get things done.
70		Adaptability/Flexibility — Job requires being open to change (positive or negative) and to considerable variety in the workplace.
70		Social Orientation — Job requires preferring to work with others rather than alone, and being personally connected with others on the job.
69		Leadership — Job requires a willingness to lead, take charge, and offer opinions and direction.
63		Innovation — Job requires creativity and alternative thinking to develop new ideas for and answers to work-related problems.

Work Values Save Table (XLS/CSV)

Extent		Work Value
78		Achievement — Occupations that satisfy this work value are results oriented and allow employees to use their strongest abilities, giving them a feeling of accomplishment. Corresponding needs are Ability Utilization and Achievement.
72		Independence — Occupations that satisfy this work value allow employees to work on their own and make decisions. Corresponding needs are Creativity, Responsibility and Autonomy.
72		Recognition — Occupations that satisfy this work value offer advancement, potential for leadership, and are often considered prestigious. Corresponding needs are Advancement, Authority, Recognition and Social Status.
72		Support — Occupations that satisfy this work value offer supportive management that stands behind employees. Corresponding needs are Company Policies, Supervision: Human Relations and Supervision: Technical.
67		Relationships — Occupations that satisfy this work value allow employees to provide service to others and work with co-workers in a friendly non-competitive environment. Corresponding needs are Co-workers, Moral Values and Social Service.
67		Working Conditions — Occupations that satisfy this work value offer job security and good working conditions. Corresponding needs are Activity, Compensation, Independence, Security, Variety and Working Conditions.

Wages & Employment Trends

Median wages data collected from Physicians and Surgeons, All Other.
Employment data collected from Physicians and Surgeons, All Other.
Industry data collected from Physicians and Surgeons, All Other.

Median wages (2018)	$96.58 hourly, $200,890 annual
State wages

Employment (2018)	434,000 employees
Projected growth (2018-2028)	Faster than average (7% to 10%)
Projected job openings (2018-2028)	16,500
State trends

Top industries (2018)	Health Care and Social Assistance (78% employed in this sector) Government (10%) (see all industries)

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics 2018 wage data and 2018-2028 employment projections . "Projected growth" represents the estimated change in total employment over the projections period (2018-2028). "Projected job openings" represent openings due to growth and replacement.

Job Openings on the Web

Sources of Additional Information

Disclaimer: Sources are listed to provide additional information on related jobs, specialties, and/or industries. Links to non-DOL Internet sites are provided for your convenience and do not constitute an endorsement.