Welders, Cutters, Solderers, and Brazers
51-4121.00
Updated 2023

Use hand-welding, flame-cutting, hand-soldering, or brazing equipment to weld or join metal components or to fill holes, indentations, or seams of fabricated metal products.

Sample of reported job titles: Assembly Line Brazer, Brazer, Fabrication Welder, Maintenance Welder, MIG Welder (Metal Inert Gas Welder), Solderer, TIG Welder (Tungsten Inert Gas Welder), Welder, Welder Fitter, Wirer

Occupation-Specific Information

Tasks Save Table: XLSX CSV

ImportanceCategoryTask
90
 
Core
Operate safety equipment and use safe work habits.
82
 
Core
Examine workpieces for defects and measure workpieces with straightedges or templates to ensure conformance with specifications.
79
 
Core
Weld components in flat, vertical, or overhead positions.
78
 
Core
Detect faulty operation of equipment or defective materials and notify supervisors.
77
 
Core
Recognize, set up, and operate hand and power tools common to the welding trade, such as shielded metal arc and gas metal arc welding equipment.
77
 
Core
Select and install torches, torch tips, filler rods, and flux, according to welding chart specifications or types and thicknesses of metals.
77
 
Core
Mark or tag material with proper job number, piece marks, and other identifying marks as required.
77
 
Core
Determine required equipment and welding methods, applying knowledge of metallurgy, geometry, and welding techniques.
77
 
Core
Prepare all material surfaces to be welded, ensuring that there is no loose or thick scale, slag, rust, moisture, grease, or other foreign matter.
76
 
Core
Align and clamp workpieces together, using rules, squares, or hand tools, or position items in fixtures, jigs, or vises.
75
 
Core
Connect and turn regulator valves to activate and adjust gas flow and pressure so that desired flames are obtained.
74
 
Core
Position and secure workpieces, using hoists, cranes, wire, and banding machines or hand tools.
74
 
Core
Melt and apply solder along adjoining edges of workpieces to solder joints, using soldering irons, gas torches, or electric-ultrasonic equipment.
74
 
Core
Monitor the fitting, burning, and welding processes to avoid overheating of parts or warping, shrinking, distortion, or expansion of material.
72
 
Core
Grind, cut, buff, or bend edges of workpieces to be joined to ensure snug fit, using power grinders and hand tools.
69
 
Core
Weld separately or in combination, using aluminum, stainless steel, cast iron, and other alloys.
69
 
Core
Chip or grind off excess weld, slag, or spatter, using hand scrapers or power chippers, portable grinders, or arc-cutting equipment.
67
 
Core
Develop templates and models for welding projects, using mathematical calculations based on blueprint information.
64
 
Core
Repair products by dismantling, straightening, reshaping, and reassembling parts, using cutting torches, straightening presses, and hand tools.
62
 
Core
Clean or degrease parts, using wire brushes, portable grinders, or chemical baths.
60
 
Core
Hammer out bulges or bends in metal workpieces.
79
 
Supplemental
Check grooves, angles, or gap allowances, using micrometers, calipers, and precision measuring instruments.
75
 
Supplemental
Melt and apply solder to fill holes, indentations, or seams of fabricated metal products, using soldering equipment.
72
 
Supplemental
Ignite torches or start power supplies and strike arcs by touching electrodes to metals being welded, completing electrical circuits.
68
 
Supplemental
Guide and direct flames or electrodes on or across workpieces to straighten, bend, melt, or build up metal.
68
 
Supplemental
Use fire suppression methods in industrial emergencies.
64
 
Supplemental
Preheat workpieces prior to welding or bending, using torches or heating furnaces.
62
 
Supplemental
Set up and use ladders and scaffolding as necessary to complete work.
56
 
Supplemental
Operate metal shaping, straightening, and bending machines, such as brakes and shears.
Not availableNot available
Analyze engineering drawings, blueprints, specifications, sketches, work orders, and material safety data sheets to plan layout, assembly, and operations.
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Technology Skills Save Table: XLSX CSV

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Tools Used Save Table: XLSX CSV

Occupational Requirements

Work Activities Save Table: XLSX CSV

ImportanceWork Activity
69
 
Getting Information — Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sources.
66
 
Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Materials — Inspecting equipment, structures, or materials to identify the cause of errors or other problems or defects.
64
 
Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events — Identifying information by categorizing, estimating, recognizing differences or similarities, and detecting changes in circumstances or events.
62
 
Handling and Moving Objects — Using hands and arms in handling, installing, positioning, and moving materials, and manipulating things.
60
 
Monitoring Processes, Materials, or Surroundings — Monitoring and reviewing information from materials, events, or the environment, to detect or assess problems.
58
 
Performing General Physical Activities — Performing physical activities that require considerable use of your arms and legs and moving your whole body, such as climbing, lifting, balancing, walking, stooping, and handling materials.
51
 
Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates — Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone, in written form, e-mail, or in person.
49
 
Making Decisions and Solving Problems — Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and solve problems.
48
 
Controlling Machines and Processes — Using either control mechanisms or direct physical activity to operate machines or processes (not including computers or vehicles).
46
 
Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards — Using relevant information and individual judgment to determine whether events or processes comply with laws, regulations, or standards.
43
 
Estimating the Quantifiable Characteristics of Products, Events, or Information — Estimating sizes, distances, and quantities; or determining time, costs, resources, or materials needed to perform a work activity.
42
 
Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work — Developing specific goals and plans to prioritize, organize, and accomplish your work.
41
 
Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment — Running, maneuvering, navigating, or driving vehicles or mechanized equipment, such as forklifts, passenger vehicles, aircraft, or watercraft.
41
 
Thinking Creatively — Developing, designing, or creating new applications, ideas, relationships, systems, or products, including artistic contributions.
41
 
Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge — Keeping up-to-date technically and applying new knowledge to your job.
40
 
Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships — Developing constructive and cooperative working relationships with others, and maintaining them over time.
39
 
Training and Teaching Others — Identifying the educational needs of others, developing formal educational or training programs or classes, and teaching or instructing others.
38
 
Judging the Qualities of Objects, Services, or People — Assessing the value, importance, or quality of things or people.
37
 
Analyzing Data or Information — Identifying the underlying principles, reasons, or facts of information by breaking down information or data into separate parts.
37
 
Processing Information — Compiling, coding, categorizing, calculating, tabulating, auditing, or verifying information or data.
36
 
Developing Objectives and Strategies — Establishing long-range objectives and specifying the strategies and actions to achieve them.
35
 
Coaching and Developing Others — Identifying the developmental needs of others and coaching, mentoring, or otherwise helping others to improve their knowledge or skills.
34
 
Assisting and Caring for Others — Providing personal assistance, medical attention, emotional support, or other personal care to others such as coworkers, customers, or patients.
34
 
Repairing and Maintaining Mechanical Equipment — Servicing, repairing, adjusting, and testing machines, devices, moving parts, and equipment that operate primarily on the basis of mechanical (not electronic) principles.
34
 
Scheduling Work and Activities — Scheduling events, programs, and activities, as well as the work of others.
32
 
Interpreting the Meaning of Information for Others — Translating or explaining what information means and how it can be used.
31
 
Drafting, Laying Out, and Specifying Technical Devices, Parts, and Equipment — Providing documentation, detailed instructions, drawings, or specifications to tell others about how devices, parts, equipment, or structures are to be fabricated, constructed, assembled, modified, maintained, or used.
30
 
Coordinating the Work and Activities of Others — Getting members of a group to work together to accomplish tasks.
29
 
Working with Computers — Using computers and computer systems (including hardware and software) to program, write software, set up functions, enter data, or process information.
27
 
Documenting/Recording Information — Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information in written or electronic/magnetic form.
26
 
Developing and Building Teams — Encouraging and building mutual trust, respect, and cooperation among team members.
23
 
Monitoring and Controlling Resources — Monitoring and controlling resources and overseeing the spending of money.
23
 
Providing Consultation and Advice to Others — Providing guidance and expert advice to management or other groups on technical, systems-, or process-related topics.
20
 
Guiding, Directing, and Motivating Subordinates — Providing guidance and direction to subordinates, including setting performance standards and monitoring performance.
20
 
Performing Administrative Activities — Performing day-to-day administrative tasks such as maintaining information files and processing paperwork.
20
 
Resolving Conflicts and Negotiating with Others — Handling complaints, settling disputes, and resolving grievances and conflicts, or otherwise negotiating with others.
19
 
Repairing and Maintaining Electronic Equipment — Servicing, repairing, calibrating, regulating, fine-tuning, or testing machines, devices, and equipment that operate primarily on the basis of electrical or electronic (not mechanical) principles.
19
 
Staffing Organizational Units — Recruiting, interviewing, selecting, hiring, and promoting employees in an organization.
14
 
Selling or Influencing Others — Convincing others to buy merchandise/goods or to otherwise change their minds or actions.
13
 
Communicating with People Outside the Organization — Communicating with people outside the organization, representing the organization to customers, the public, government, and other external sources. This information can be exchanged in person, in writing, or by telephone or e-mail.
9
 
Performing for or Working Directly with the Public — Performing for people or dealing directly with the public. This includes serving customers in restaurants and stores, and receiving clients or guests.

Detailed Work Activities Save Table: XLSX CSV

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Work Context Save Table: XLSX CSV

  • Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets — How much does this job require wearing common protective or safety equipment such as safety shoes, glasses, gloves, hard hats or life jackets?
    • 86%
      86%
       
      Every day
  • Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls — How much does this job require using your hands to handle, control, or feel objects, tools or controls?
    • 74%
      74%
       
      Continually or almost continually
    • 17%
      17%
       
      More than half the time
  • Time Pressure — How often does this job require the worker to meet strict deadlines?
    • 72%
      72%
       
      Every day
    • 16%
      16%
       
      Once a week or more but not every day
  • Face-to-Face Discussions — How often do you have to have face-to-face discussions with individuals or teams in this job?
    • 67%
      67%
       
      Every day
    • 15%
      15%
       
      Once a week or more but not every day
  • Importance of Being Exact or Accurate — How important is being very exact or highly accurate in performing this job?
    • 56%
      56%
       
      Extremely important
    • 32%
      32%
       
      Very important
  • Exposed to Contaminants — How often does this job require working exposed to contaminants (such as pollutants, gases, dust or odors)?
    • 62%
      62%
       
      Every day
    • 14%
      14%
       
      Once a week or more but not every day
    • 16%
      16%
       
      Never
  • Sounds, Noise Levels Are Distracting or Uncomfortable — How often does this job require working exposed to sounds and noise levels that are distracting or uncomfortable?
    • 58%
      58%
       
      Every day
    • 15%
      15%
       
      Once a week or more but not every day
    • 15%
      15%
       
      Never
  • Work With Work Group or Team — How important is it to work with others in a group or team in this job?
    • 38%
      38%
       
      Extremely important
    • 30%
      30%
       
      Very important
    • 12%
      12%
       
      Important
    • 19%
      19%
       
      Fairly important
  • Contact With Others — How much does this job require the worker to be in contact with others (face-to-face, by telephone, or otherwise) in order to perform it?
    • 44%
      44%
       
      Constant contact with others
    • 20%
      20%
       
      Contact with others most of the time
    • 11%
      11%
       
      Contact with others about half the time
    • 20%
      20%
       
      Occasional contact with others
  • Duration of Typical Work Week — Number of hours typically worked in one week.
    • 35%
      35%
       
      More than 40 hours
    • 65%
      65%
       
      40 hours
  • Indoors, Not Environmentally Controlled — How often does this job require working indoors in non-controlled environmental conditions (e.g., warehouse without heat)?
    • 59%
      59%
       
      Every day
    • 31%
      31%
       
      Never
  • Spend Time Standing — How much does this job require standing?
    • 40%
      40%
       
      Continually or almost continually
    • 12%
      12%
       
      More than half the time
    • 15%
      15%
       
      About half the time
    • 25%
      25%
       
      Less than half the time
  • Exposed to Minor Burns, Cuts, Bites, or Stings — How often does this job require exposure to minor burns, cuts, bites, or stings?
    • 48%
      48%
       
      Every day
    • 18%
      18%
       
      Once a year or more but not every month
    • 20%
      20%
       
      Never
  • Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions — How much does this job require making repetitive motions?
    • 33%
      33%
       
      Continually or almost continually
    • 18%
      18%
       
      More than half the time
    • 20%
      20%
       
      About half the time
    • 20%
      20%
       
      Less than half the time
  • Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results — What results do your decisions usually have on other people or the image or reputation or financial resources of your employer?
    • 30%
      30%
       
      Very important results
    • 26%
      26%
       
      Important results
    • 21%
      21%
       
      Moderate results
    • 17%
      17%
       
      No results
  • Structured versus Unstructured Work — To what extent is this job structured for the worker, rather than allowing the worker to determine tasks, priorities, and goals?
    • 18%
      18%
       
      A lot of freedom
    • 40%
      40%
       
      Some freedom
    • 17%
      17%
       
      Limited freedom
    • 11%
      11%
       
      Very little freedom
    • 14%
      14%
       
      No freedom
  • Frequency of Decision Making — How frequently is the worker required to make decisions that affect other people, the financial resources, and/or the image and reputation of the organization?
    • 50%
      50%
       
      Every day
    • 18%
      18%
       
      Once a year or more but not every month
    • 26%
      26%
       
      Never
  • Responsible for Others' Health and Safety — How much responsibility is there for the health and safety of others in this job?
    • 28%
      28%
       
      Very high responsibility
    • 27%
      27%
       
      High responsibility
    • 18%
      18%
       
      Moderate responsibility
    • 20%
      20%
       
      No responsibility
  • Freedom to Make Decisions — How much decision making freedom, without supervision, does the job offer?
    • 24%
      24%
       
      A lot of freedom
    • 23%
      23%
       
      Some freedom
    • 27%
      27%
       
      Limited freedom
    • 13%
      13%
       
      Very little freedom
    • 14%
      14%
       
      No freedom
  • Physical Proximity — To what extent does this job require the worker to perform job tasks in close physical proximity to other people?
    • 50%
      50%
       
      Moderately close (at arm's length)
    • 30%
      30%
       
      Slightly close (e.g., shared office)
    • 16%
      16%
       
      I work with others but not closely (e.g., private office)
  • Consequence of Error — How serious would the result usually be if the worker made a mistake that was not readily correctable?
    • 33%
      33%
       
      Extremely serious
    • 18%
      18%
       
      Very serious
    • 26%
      26%
       
      Fairly serious
    • 16%
      16%
       
      Not serious at all
  • Very Hot or Cold Temperatures — How often does this job require working in very hot (above 90 F degrees) or very cold (below 32 F degrees) temperatures?
    • 33%
      33%
       
      Every day
    • 17%
      17%
       
      Once a week or more but not every day
    • 11%
      11%
       
      Once a month or more but not every week
    • 13%
      13%
       
      Once a year or more but not every month
    • 26%
      26%
       
      Never
  • Exposed to Hazardous Equipment — How often does this job require exposure to hazardous equipment?
    • 41%
      41%
       
      Every day
    • 11%
      11%
       
      Once a week or more but not every day
    • 17%
      17%
       
      Once a year or more but not every month
    • 30%
      30%
       
      Never
  • Importance of Repeating Same Tasks — How important is repeating the same physical activities (e.g., key entry) or mental activities (e.g., checking entries in a ledger) over and over, without stopping, to performing this job?
    • 26%
      26%
       
      Extremely important
    • 16%
      16%
       
      Very important
    • 25%
      25%
       
      Important
    • 16%
      16%
       
      Fairly important
    • 18%
      18%
       
      Not important at all
  • Extremely Bright or Inadequate Lighting — How often does this job require working in extremely bright or inadequate lighting conditions?
    • 46%
      46%
       
      Every day
    • 43%
      43%
       
      Never
  • Responsibility for Outcomes and Results — How responsible is the worker for work outcomes and results of other workers?
    • 30%
      30%
       
      Very high responsibility
    • 13%
      13%
       
      High responsibility
    • 19%
      19%
       
      Moderate responsibility
    • 12%
      12%
       
      Limited responsibility
    • 26%
      26%
       
      No responsibility
  • Spend Time Bending or Twisting the Body — How much does this job require bending or twisting your body?
    • 29%
      29%
       
      Continually or almost continually
    • 16%
      16%
       
      More than half the time
    • 36%
      36%
       
      Less than half the time
    • 18%
      18%
       
      Never
  • Coordinate or Lead Others — How important is it to coordinate or lead others in accomplishing work activities in this job?
    • 13%
      13%
       
      Extremely important
    • 27%
      27%
       
      Very important
    • 19%
      19%
       
      Important
    • 30%
      30%
       
      Fairly important
    • 12%
      12%
       
      Not important at all
  • Exposed to Hazardous Conditions — How often does this job require exposure to hazardous conditions?
    • 35%
      35%
       
      Every day
    • 13%
      13%
       
      Once a year or more but not every month
    • 40%
      40%
       
      Never
  • Level of Competition — To what extent does this job require the worker to compete or to be aware of competitive pressures?
    • 25%
      25%
       
      Highly competitive
    • 39%
      39%
       
      Moderately competitive
    • 28%
      28%
       
      Not at all competitive
  • Spend Time Walking and Running — How much does this job require walking and running?
    • 17%
      17%
       
      Continually or almost continually
    • 14%
      14%
       
      About half the time
    • 55%
      55%
       
      Less than half the time
  • Indoors, Environmentally Controlled — How often does this job require working indoors in environmentally controlled conditions?
    • 40%
      40%
       
      Every day
    • 56%
      56%
       
      Never
  • Cramped Work Space, Awkward Positions — How often does this job require working in cramped work spaces that requires getting into awkward positions?
    • 18%
      18%
       
      Every day
    • 26%
      26%
       
      Once a week or more but not every day
    • 44%
      44%
       
      Never
  • Pace Determined by Speed of Equipment — How important is it to this job that the pace is determined by the speed of equipment or machinery? (This does not refer to keeping busy at all times on this job.)
    • 14%
      14%
       
      Extremely important
    • 18%
      18%
       
      Very important
    • 16%
      16%
       
      Important
    • 21%
      21%
       
      Fairly important
    • 30%
      30%
       
      Not important at all
  • Spend Time Sitting — How much does this job require sitting?
    • 19%
      19%
       
      Continually or almost continually
    • 15%
      15%
       
      About half the time
    • 30%
      30%
       
      Less than half the time
    • 31%
      31%
       
      Never
  • Frequency of Conflict Situations — How often are there conflict situations the employee has to face in this job?
    • 13%
      13%
       
      Every day
    • 14%
      14%
       
      Once a week or more but not every day
    • 19%
      19%
       
      Once a month or more but not every week
    • 47%
      47%
       
      Never
  • Wear Specialized Protective or Safety Equipment such as Breathing Apparatus, Safety Harness, Full Protection Suits, or Radiation Protection — How much does this job require wearing specialized protective or safety equipment such as breathing apparatus, safety harness, full protection suits, or radiation protection?
    • 24%
      24%
       
      Every day
    • 15%
      15%
       
      Once a year or more but not every month
    • 54%
      54%
       
      Never
  • Deal With Unpleasant or Angry People — How frequently does the worker have to deal with unpleasant, angry, or discourteous individuals as part of the job requirements?
    • 28%
      28%
       
      Once a month or more but not every week
    • 17%
      17%
       
      Once a year or more but not every month
    • 40%
      40%
       
      Never
  • Letters and Memos — How often does the job require written letters and memos?
    • 18%
      18%
       
      Once a week or more but not every day
    • 11%
      11%
       
      Once a month or more but not every week
    • 12%
      12%
       
      Once a year or more but not every month
    • 50%
      50%
       
      Never
  • Telephone — How often do you have telephone conversations in this job?
    • 16%
      16%
       
      Every day
    • 14%
      14%
       
      Once a year or more but not every month
    • 57%
      57%
       
      Never
  • Spend Time Kneeling, Crouching, Stooping, or Crawling — How much does this job require kneeling, crouching, stooping or crawling?
    • 20%
      20%
       
      About half the time
    • 23%
      23%
       
      Less than half the time
    • 44%
      44%
       
      Never
  • Deal With External Customers — How important is it to work with external customers or the public in this job?
    • 17%
      17%
       
      Important
    • 61%
      61%
       
      Not important at all
  • Electronic Mail — How often do you use electronic mail in this job?
    • 18%
      18%
       
      Every day
    • 74%
      74%
       
      Never
  • Spend Time Keeping or Regaining Balance — How much does this job require keeping or regaining your balance?
    • 14%
      14%
       
      About half the time
    • 23%
      23%
       
      Less than half the time
    • 54%
      54%
       
      Never
  • Exposed to High Places — How often does this job require exposure to high places?
    • 11%
      11%
       
      Once a week or more but not every day
    • 17%
      17%
       
      Once a month or more but not every week
    • 62%
      62%
       
      Never
  • In an Open Vehicle or Equipment — How often does this job require working in an open vehicle or equipment (e.g., tractor)?
    • 13%
      13%
       
      Once a month or more but not every week
    • 67%
      67%
       
      Never
  • Degree of Automation — How automated is the job?
    • 13%
      13%
       
      Moderately automated
    • 20%
      20%
       
      Slightly automated
    • 59%
      59%
       
      Not at all automated
  • Outdoors, Exposed to Weather — How often does this job require working outdoors, exposed to all weather conditions?
    • 23%
      23%
       
      Once a year or more but not every month
    • 68%
      68%
       
      Never
  • Exposed to Radiation — How often does this job require exposure to radiation?
    • 82%
      82%
       
      Never
  • In an Enclosed Vehicle or Equipment — How often does this job require working in a closed vehicle or equipment (e.g., car)?
    • 77%
      77%
       
      Never
  • Public Speaking — How often do you have to perform public speaking in this job?
    • 29%
      29%
       
      Once a year or more but not every month
    • 64%
      64%
       
      Never
  • Spend Time Climbing Ladders, Scaffolds, or Poles — How much does this job require climbing ladders, scaffolds, or poles?
    • 33%
      33%
       
      Less than half the time
    • 63%
      63%
       
      Never
  • Outdoors, Under Cover — How often does this job require working outdoors, under cover (e.g., structure with roof but no walls)?
    • 84%
      84%
       
      Never
  • Work Schedules — How regular are the work schedules for this job?
    • 86%
      86%
       
      Regular (established routine, set schedule)
  • Exposed to Whole Body Vibration — How often does this job require exposure to whole body vibration (e.g., operate a jackhammer)?
    • 87%
      87%
       
      Never
  • Deal With Physically Aggressive People — How frequently does this job require the worker to deal with physical aggression of violent individuals?
    • 86%
      86%
       
      Never
  • Exposed to Disease or Infections — How often does this job require exposure to disease/infections?
    • 96%
      96%
       
      Never

Experience Requirements

Job Zone Save Table: XLSX CSV

Title
Job Zone Two: Some Preparation Needed
Education
These occupations usually require a high school diploma.
Related Experience
Some previous work-related skill, knowledge, or experience is usually needed. For example, a teller would benefit from experience working directly with the public.
Job Training
Employees in these occupations need anywhere from a few months to one year of working with experienced employees. A recognized apprenticeship program may be associated with these occupations.
Job Zone Examples
These occupations often involve using your knowledge and skills to help others. Examples include orderlies, counter and rental clerks, customer service representatives, security guards, upholsterers, tellers, and dental laboratory technicians.
SVP Range
(4.0 to < 6.0)

Training & Credentials

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Worker Requirements

Skills Save Table: XLSX CSV

ImportanceSkill
53
 
Quality Control Analysis — Conducting tests and inspections of products, services, or processes to evaluate quality or performance.
50
 
Monitoring — Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organizations to make improvements or take corrective action.
47
 
Critical Thinking — Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclusions, or approaches to problems.
47
 
Judgment and Decision Making — Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the most appropriate one.
44
 
Operations Monitoring — Watching gauges, dials, or other indicators to make sure a machine is working properly.
44
 
Time Management — Managing one's own time and the time of others.
41
 
Active Listening — Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand the points being made, asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times.
41
 
Operation and Control — Controlling operations of equipment or systems.
41
 
Speaking — Talking to others to convey information effectively.
38
 
Complex Problem Solving — Identifying complex problems and reviewing related information to develop and evaluate options and implement solutions.
38
 
Reading Comprehension — Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work-related documents.
38
 
Troubleshooting — Determining causes of operating errors and deciding what to do about it.
35
 
Coordination — Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions.
31
 
Active Learning — Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future problem-solving and decision-making.
31
 
Equipment Selection — Determining the kind of tools and equipment needed to do a job.
31
 
Social Perceptiveness — Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react as they do.
31
 
Systems Analysis — Determining how a system should work and how changes in conditions, operations, and the environment will affect outcomes.
28
 
Mathematics — Using mathematics to solve problems.
28
 
Service Orientation — Actively looking for ways to help people.
28
 
Systems Evaluation — Identifying measures or indicators of system performance and the actions needed to improve or correct performance, relative to the goals of the system.
25
 
Instructing — Teaching others how to do something.
25
 
Learning Strategies — Selecting and using training/instructional methods and procedures appropriate for the situation when learning or teaching new things.
22
 
Management of Personnel Resources — Motivating, developing, and directing people as they work, identifying the best people for the job.
22
 
Negotiation — Bringing others together and trying to reconcile differences.
22
 
Persuasion — Persuading others to change their minds or behavior.
22
 
Repairing — Repairing machines or systems using the needed tools.
19
 
Operations Analysis — Analyzing needs and product requirements to create a design.
19
 
Writing — Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audience.
16
 
Equipment Maintenance — Performing routine maintenance on equipment and determining when and what kind of maintenance is needed.
16
 
Management of Financial Resources — Determining how money will be spent to get the work done, and accounting for these expenditures.
16
 
Management of Material Resources — Obtaining and seeing to the appropriate use of equipment, facilities, and materials needed to do certain work.
16
 
Science — Using scientific rules and methods to solve problems.
13
 
Installation — Installing equipment, machines, wiring, or programs to meet specifications.
13
 
Technology Design — Generating or adapting equipment and technology to serve user needs.
0
 
Programming — Writing computer programs for various purposes.

Knowledge Save Table: XLSX CSV

ImportanceKnowledge
62
 
Production and Processing — Knowledge of raw materials, production processes, quality control, costs, and other techniques for maximizing the effective manufacture and distribution of goods.
53
 
Mechanical — Knowledge of machines and tools, including their designs, uses, repair, and maintenance.
49
 
Mathematics — Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their applications.
47
 
English Language — Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition, and grammar.
46
 
Design — Knowledge of design techniques, tools, and principles involved in production of precision technical plans, blueprints, drawings, and models.
40
 
Engineering and Technology — Knowledge of the practical application of engineering science and technology. This includes applying principles, techniques, procedures, and equipment to the design and production of various goods and services.
38
 
Education and Training — Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and training design, teaching and instruction for individuals and groups, and the measurement of training effects.
38
 
Public Safety and Security — Knowledge of relevant equipment, policies, procedures, and strategies to promote effective local, state, or national security operations for the protection of people, data, property, and institutions.
37
 
Customer and Personal Service — Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal services. This includes customer needs assessment, meeting quality standards for services, and evaluation of customer satisfaction.
36
 
Administration and Management — Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, resource allocation, human resources modeling, leadership technique, production methods, and coordination of people and resources.
35
 
Building and Construction — Knowledge of materials, methods, and the tools involved in the construction or repair of houses, buildings, or other structures such as highways and roads.
29
 
Physics — Knowledge and prediction of physical principles, laws, their interrelationships, and applications to understanding fluid, material, and atmospheric dynamics, and mechanical, electrical, atomic and sub-atomic structures and processes.
25
 
Administrative — Knowledge of administrative and office procedures and systems such as word processing, managing files and records, stenography and transcription, designing forms, and workplace terminology.
25
 
Personnel and Human Resources — Knowledge of principles and procedures for personnel recruitment, selection, training, compensation and benefits, labor relations and negotiation, and personnel information systems.
24
 
Chemistry — Knowledge of the chemical composition, structure, and properties of substances and of the chemical processes and transformations that they undergo. This includes uses of chemicals and their interactions, danger signs, production techniques, and disposal methods.
24
 
Computers and Electronics — Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and computer hardware and software, including applications and programming.
21
 
Psychology — Knowledge of human behavior and performance; individual differences in ability, personality, and interests; learning and motivation; psychological research methods; and the assessment and treatment of behavioral and affective disorders.
18
 
Law and Government — Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court procedures, precedents, government regulations, executive orders, agency rules, and the democratic political process.
18
 
Transportation — Knowledge of principles and methods for moving people or goods by air, rail, sea, or road, including the relative costs and benefits.
13
 
Communications and Media — Knowledge of media production, communication, and dissemination techniques and methods. This includes alternative ways to inform and entertain via written, oral, and visual media.
13
 
Sales and Marketing — Knowledge of principles and methods for showing, promoting, and selling products or services. This includes marketing strategy and tactics, product demonstration, sales techniques, and sales control systems.
11
 
Economics and Accounting — Knowledge of economic and accounting principles and practices, the financial markets, banking, and the analysis and reporting of financial data.
9
 
Foreign Language — Knowledge of the structure and content of a foreign (non-English) language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition and grammar, and pronunciation.
8
 
Medicine and Dentistry — Knowledge of the information and techniques needed to diagnose and treat human injuries, diseases, and deformities. This includes symptoms, treatment alternatives, drug properties and interactions, and preventive health-care measures.
8
 
Sociology and Anthropology — Knowledge of group behavior and dynamics, societal trends and influences, human migrations, ethnicity, cultures, and their history and origins.
5
 
Telecommunications — Knowledge of transmission, broadcasting, switching, control, and operation of telecommunications systems.
4
 
Biology — Knowledge of plant and animal organisms, their tissues, cells, functions, interdependencies, and interactions with each other and the environment.
4
 
Food Production — Knowledge of techniques and equipment for planting, growing, and harvesting food products (both plant and animal) for consumption, including storage/handling techniques.
4
 
Philosophy and Theology — Knowledge of different philosophical systems and religions. This includes their basic principles, values, ethics, ways of thinking, customs, practices, and their impact on human culture.
3
 
Therapy and Counseling — Knowledge of principles, methods, and procedures for diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of physical and mental dysfunctions, and for career counseling and guidance.
2
 
Fine Arts — Knowledge of the theory and techniques required to compose, produce, and perform works of music, dance, visual arts, drama, and sculpture.
2
 
Geography — Knowledge of principles and methods for describing the features of land, sea, and air masses, including their physical characteristics, locations, interrelationships, and distribution of plant, animal, and human life.
2
 
History and Archeology — Knowledge of historical events and their causes, indicators, and effects on civilizations and cultures.

Education

How much education does a new hire need to perform a job in this occupation? Respondents said:

  • 54%
     
    High school diploma or equivalent required
  • 21%
     
    Less than high school diploma required
  • 12%
     
    Post-secondary certificate required

Worker Characteristics

Abilities Save Table: XLSX CSV

ImportanceAbility
66
 
Arm-Hand Steadiness — The ability to keep your hand and arm steady while moving your arm or while holding your arm and hand in one position.
60
 
Near Vision — The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).
56
 
Finger Dexterity — The ability to make precisely coordinated movements of the fingers of one or both hands to grasp, manipulate, or assemble very small objects.
56
 
Problem Sensitivity — The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does not involve solving the problem, only recognizing that there is a problem.
53
 
Control Precision — The ability to quickly and repeatedly adjust the controls of a machine or a vehicle to exact positions.
53
 
Manual Dexterity — The ability to quickly move your hand, your hand together with your arm, or your two hands to grasp, manipulate, or assemble objects.
50
 
Deductive Reasoning — The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that make sense.
50
 
Oral Comprehension — The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through spoken words and sentences.
50
 
Selective Attention — The ability to concentrate on a task over a period of time without being distracted.
47
 
Category Flexibility — The ability to generate or use different sets of rules for combining or grouping things in different ways.
47
 
Far Vision — The ability to see details at a distance.
47
 
Flexibility of Closure — The ability to identify or detect a known pattern (a figure, object, word, or sound) that is hidden in other distracting material.
47
 
Inductive Reasoning — The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusions (includes finding a relationship among seemingly unrelated events).
47
 
Information Ordering — The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according to a specific rule or set of rules (e.g., patterns of numbers, letters, words, pictures, mathematical operations).
47
 
Trunk Strength — The ability to use your abdominal and lower back muscles to support part of the body repeatedly or continuously over time without "giving out" or fatiguing.
47
 
Visualization — The ability to imagine how something will look after it is moved around or when its parts are moved or rearranged.
44
 
Depth Perception — The ability to judge which of several objects is closer or farther away from you, or to judge the distance between you and an object.
44
 
Oral Expression — The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will understand.
44
 
Perceptual Speed — The ability to quickly and accurately compare similarities and differences among sets of letters, numbers, objects, pictures, or patterns. The things to be compared may be presented at the same time or one after the other. This ability also includes comparing a presented object with a remembered object.
41
 
Auditory Attention — The ability to focus on a single source of sound in the presence of other distracting sounds.
41
 
Multilimb Coordination — The ability to coordinate two or more limbs (for example, two arms, two legs, or one leg and one arm) while sitting, standing, or lying down. It does not involve performing the activities while the whole body is in motion.
41
 
Rate Control — The ability to time your movements or the movement of a piece of equipment in anticipation of changes in the speed and/or direction of a moving object or scene.
41
 
Reaction Time — The ability to quickly respond (with the hand, finger, or foot) to a signal (sound, light, picture) when it appears.
41
 
Speech Recognition — The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person.
41
 
Static Strength — The ability to exert maximum muscle force to lift, push, pull, or carry objects.
41
 
Visual Color Discrimination — The ability to match or detect differences between colors, including shades of color and brightness.
38
 
Extent Flexibility — The ability to bend, stretch, twist, or reach with your body, arms, and/or legs.
38
 
Response Orientation — The ability to choose quickly between two or more movements in response to two or more different signals (lights, sounds, pictures). It includes the speed with which the correct response is started with the hand, foot, or other body part.
38
 
Speech Clarity — The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you.
35
 
Fluency of Ideas — The ability to come up with a number of ideas about a topic (the number of ideas is important, not their quality, correctness, or creativity).
35
 
Time Sharing — The ability to shift back and forth between two or more activities or sources of information (such as speech, sounds, touch, or other sources).
35
 
Written Comprehension — The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.
31
 
Glare Sensitivity — The ability to see objects in the presence of a glare or bright lighting.
31
 
Hearing Sensitivity — The ability to detect or tell the differences between sounds that vary in pitch and loudness.
31
 
Speed of Closure — The ability to quickly make sense of, combine, and organize information into meaningful patterns.
31
 
Stamina — The ability to exert yourself physically over long periods of time without getting winded or out of breath.
28
 
Dynamic Strength — The ability to exert muscle force repeatedly or continuously over time. This involves muscular endurance and resistance to muscle fatigue.
28
 
Explosive Strength — The ability to use short bursts of muscle force to propel oneself (as in jumping or sprinting), or to throw an object.
28
 
Gross Body Equilibrium — The ability to keep or regain your body balance or stay upright when in an unstable position.
28
 
Mathematical Reasoning — The ability to choose the right mathematical methods or formulas to solve a problem.
28
 
Originality — The ability to come up with unusual or clever ideas about a given topic or situation, or to develop creative ways to solve a problem.
25
 
Gross Body Coordination — The ability to coordinate the movement of your arms, legs, and torso together when the whole body is in motion.
25
 
Number Facility — The ability to add, subtract, multiply, or divide quickly and correctly.
25
 
Spatial Orientation — The ability to know your location in relation to the environment or to know where other objects are in relation to you.
25
 
Wrist-Finger Speed — The ability to make fast, simple, repeated movements of the fingers, hands, and wrists.
22
 
Memorization — The ability to remember information such as words, numbers, pictures, and procedures.
22
 
Peripheral Vision — The ability to see objects or movement of objects to one's side when the eyes are looking ahead.
22
 
Sound Localization — The ability to tell the direction from which a sound originated.
19
 
Night Vision — The ability to see under low-light conditions.
19
 
Written Expression — The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will understand.
16
 
Dynamic Flexibility — The ability to quickly and repeatedly bend, stretch, twist, or reach out with your body, arms, and/or legs.
6
 
Speed of Limb Movement — The ability to quickly move the arms and legs.

Interests Save Table: XLSX CSV

Occupational InterestInterest
100
 
Realistic — Work involves designing, building, or repairing of equipment, materials, or structures, engaging in physical activity, or working outdoors. Realistic occupations are often associated with engineering, mechanics and electronics, construction, woodworking, transportation, machine operation, agriculture, animal services, physical or manual labor, athletics, or protective services.
28
 
Conventional — Work involves following procedures and regulations to organize information or data, typically in a business setting. Conventional occupations are often associated with office work, accounting, mathematics/statistics, information technology, finance, or human resources.
17
 
Investigative — Work involves studying and researching non-living objects, living organisms, disease or other forms of impairment, or human behavior. Investigative occupations are often associated with physical, life, medical, or social sciences, and can be found in the fields of humanities, mathematics/statistics, information technology, or health care service.
8
 
Enterprising — Work involves managing, negotiating, marketing, or selling, typically in a business setting, or leading or advising people in political and legal situations. Enterprising occupations are often associated with business initiatives, sales, marketing/advertising, finance, management/administration, professional advising, public speaking, politics, or law.
0
 
Artistic — Work involves creating original visual artwork, performances, written works, food, or music for a variety of media, or applying artistic principles to the design of various objects and materials. Artistic occupations are often associated with visual arts, applied arts and design, performing arts, music, creative writing, media, or culinary art.
0
 
Social — Work involves helping, teaching, advising, assisting, or providing service to others. Social occupations are often associated with social, health care, personal service, teaching/education, or religious activities.

Work Values Save Table: XLSX CSV

ExtentWork Value
64
 
Support — Occupations that satisfy this work value offer supportive management that stands behind employees. Corresponding needs are Company Policies, Supervision: Human Relations and Supervision: Technical.
36
 
Relationships — Occupations that satisfy this work value allow employees to provide service to others and work with co-workers in a friendly non-competitive environment. Corresponding needs are Co-workers, Moral Values and Social Service.
36
 
Working Conditions — Occupations that satisfy this work value offer job security and good working conditions. Corresponding needs are Activity, Compensation, Independence, Security, Variety and Working Conditions.
31
 
Independence — Occupations that satisfy this work value allow employees to work on their own and make decisions. Corresponding needs are Creativity, Responsibility and Autonomy.
25
 
Achievement — Occupations that satisfy this work value are results oriented and allow employees to use their strongest abilities, giving them a feeling of accomplishment. Corresponding needs are Ability Utilization and Achievement.
25
 
Recognition — Occupations that satisfy this work value offer advancement, potential for leadership, and are often considered prestigious. Corresponding needs are Advancement, Authority, Recognition and Social Status.

Work Styles Save Table: XLSX CSV

ImportanceWork Style
81
 
Attention to Detail — Job requires being careful about detail and thorough in completing work tasks.
76
 
Dependability — Job requires being reliable, responsible, and dependable, and fulfilling obligations.
71
 
Cooperation — Job requires being pleasant with others on the job and displaying a good-natured, cooperative attitude.
70
 
Initiative — Job requires a willingness to take on responsibilities and challenges.
70
 
Self-Control — Job requires maintaining composure, keeping emotions in check, controlling anger, and avoiding aggressive behavior, even in very difficult situations.
69
 
Integrity — Job requires being honest and ethical.
67
 
Achievement/Effort — Job requires establishing and maintaining personally challenging achievement goals and exerting effort toward mastering tasks.
67
 
Persistence — Job requires persistence in the face of obstacles.
64
 
Independence — Job requires developing one's own ways of doing things, guiding oneself with little or no supervision, and depending on oneself to get things done.
63
 
Adaptability/Flexibility — Job requires being open to change (positive or negative) and to considerable variety in the workplace.
63
 
Leadership — Job requires a willingness to lead, take charge, and offer opinions and direction.
62
 
Concern for Others — Job requires being sensitive to others' needs and feelings and being understanding and helpful on the job.
59
 
Stress Tolerance — Job requires accepting criticism and dealing calmly and effectively with high-stress situations.
57
 
Social Orientation — Job requires preferring to work with others rather than alone, and being personally connected with others on the job.
56
 
Innovation — Job requires creativity and alternative thinking to develop new ideas for and answers to work-related problems.
54
 
Analytical Thinking — Job requires analyzing information and using logic to address work-related issues and problems.

Workforce Characteristics

Wages & Employment Trends

Median wages (2022)
$22.86 hourly, $47,540 annual
State wages
Local wages
Employment (2022)
431,800 employees
Projected growth (2022-2032)
Little or no change
Projected job openings (2022-2032)
42,600
State trends
Top industries (2022)
Manufacturing (65% employed in this sector)

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics 2022 wage data and 2022-2032 employment projections . “Projected growth” represents the estimated change in total employment over the projections period (2022-2032). “Projected job openings” represent openings due to growth and replacement.

Job Openings on the Web

State job openings
Local job openings

More Information

Sources of Additional Information

Disclaimer: Sources are listed to provide additional information on related jobs, specialties, and/or industries. Links to non-DOL Internet sites are provided for your convenience and do not constitute an endorsement.