17-2051.00 - Civil Engineers

Updated 2017

Details Report for:
17-2051.00 - Civil Engineers

Perform engineering duties in planning, designing, and overseeing construction and maintenance of building structures, and facilities, such as roads, railroads, airports, bridges, harbors, channels, dams, irrigation projects, pipelines, power plants, and water and sewage systems.

Sample of reported job titles: Bridge/Structure Inspection Team Leader, City Engineer, Civil Engineer, Civil Engineering Manager, County Engineer, Design Engineer, Project Engineer, Railroad Design Consultant, Structural Engineer, Traffic Engineer

Also see: Transportation Engineers

View report: Summary Details Custom

Tasks Save Table (XLS/CSV)

Importance	Category	Task
75	Core	Inspect project sites to monitor progress and ensure conformance to design specifications and safety or sanitation standards.
73	Core	Compute load and grade requirements, water flow rates, or material stress factors to determine design specifications.
73	Core	Provide technical advice to industrial or managerial personnel regarding design, construction, or program modifications or structural repairs.
72	Core	Test soils or materials to determine the adequacy and strength of foundations, concrete, asphalt, or steel.
71	Core	Manage and direct the construction, operations, or maintenance activities at project site.
65	Core	Direct or participate in surveying to lay out installations or establish reference points, grades, or elevations to guide construction.
65	Core	Estimate quantities and cost of materials, equipment, or labor to determine project feasibility.
64	Core	Plan and design transportation or hydraulic systems or structures using computer assisted design or drawing tools.
63	Core	Prepare or present public reports on topics such as bid proposals, deeds, environmental impact statements, or property and right-of-way descriptions.
63	Core	Design energy efficient or environmentally sound civil structures.
63	Core	Identify environmental risks and develop risk management strategies for civil engineering projects.
62	Core	Direct engineering activities ensuring compliance with environmental, safety, or other governmental regulations.
60	Core	Analyze survey reports, maps, drawings, blueprints, aerial photography, or other topographical or geologic data.
57	Core	Conduct studies of traffic patterns or environmental conditions to identify engineering problems and assess potential project impact.
73	Supplemental	Design or engineer systems to efficiently dispose of chemical, biological, or other toxic wastes.
59	Supplemental	Develop or implement engineering solutions to clean up industrial accidents or other contaminated sites.
54	Supplemental	Analyze manufacturing processes or byproducts to identify engineering solutions to minimize the output of carbon or other pollutants.

Find occupations related to multiple tasks

Technology Skills Save Table (XLS/CSV)

Analytical or scientific software — Hydraulic modeling software; Minitab ; The MathWorks MATLAB ; WinTR-55 (see all 11 examples)
Calendar and scheduling software — Scheduling software
Computer aided design CAD software — Autodesk AutoCAD ; Dassault Systemes CATIA ; PTC Creo Parametric ; Research Engineers International STAAD.Pro (see all 19 examples)
Data base user interface and query software — Data entry software ; Microsoft Access
Development environment software — Formula translation/translator FORTRAN; National Instruments LabVIEW ; Verilog
Document management software — Adobe Systems Adobe Acrobat
Electronic mail software — Email software; Microsoft Outlook
Enterprise application integration software — Extensible markup language XML
Enterprise resource planning ERP software — SAP
Graphics or photo imaging software — Adobe Systems Adobe Fireworks ; Bentley GeoPak Bridge; Graphics software
Internet browser software — Microsoft Internet Explorer; Web browser software
Map creation software — Cartography software; ESRI ArcGIS software ; ESRI ArcView; Intergraph MGE (see all 6 examples)
Object or component oriented development software — Microsoft ActiveX
Office suite software — Corel WordPerfect; Microsoft Office
Presentation software — Microsoft PowerPoint
Project management software — Cost estimating software; Microsoft Project ; Oracle Primavera Enterprise Project Portfolio Management ; The Gordian Group PROGEN Online
Spreadsheet software — Microsoft Excel
Word processing software — Microsoft Word

Hot Technology — a technology requirement frequently included in employer job postings.

Tools Used Save Table (XLS/CSV)

Anemometers
Compasses — Dividers
Desktop computers
Digital cameras
Distance meters — Electronic distance measuring devices; Rhodes arcs
Electronic counters — Traffic counters
Global positioning system GPS receiver — Global positioning system GPS receivers
Level sensors or transmitters — Transit levels
Levels — Laser levels; Precision levels
Map measurers — Planimeters
Measuring rods — Surveying rods
Measuring wheels for distance — Surveying wheels
Microfiche or microfilm viewers — Microfilm readers
Notebook computers — Laptop computers
Photocopiers — Blueprint copiers
Protractors
Rulers — Steel rules
Scales — Drafting scales; Rolling scales
Speed sensors — Radar guns
Tape measures — Measuring tapes
Theodolites — Total stations
Thickness measuring devices — Thickness gauges
Triangles — Drafting triangles
Two way radios

Knowledge Save Table (XLS/CSV)

Importance		Knowledge
90		Engineering and Technology — Knowledge of the practical application of engineering science and technology. This includes applying principles, techniques, procedures, and equipment to the design and production of various goods and services.
86		Building and Construction — Knowledge of materials, methods, and the tools involved in the construction or repair of houses, buildings, or other structures such as highways and roads.
83		Mathematics — Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their applications.
81		Design — Knowledge of design techniques, tools, and principles involved in production of precision technical plans, blueprints, drawings, and models.
76		English Language — Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition, and grammar.
67		Administration and Management — Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, resource allocation, human resources modeling, leadership technique, production methods, and coordination of people and resources.
65		Physics — Knowledge and prediction of physical principles, laws, their interrelationships, and applications to understanding fluid, material, and atmospheric dynamics, and mechanical, electrical, atomic and sub- atomic structures and processes.
60		Law and Government — Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court procedures, precedents, government regulations, executive orders, agency rules, and the democratic political process.
58		Customer and Personal Service — Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal services. This includes customer needs assessment, meeting quality standards for services, and evaluation of customer satisfaction.
55		Economics and Accounting — Knowledge of economic and accounting principles and practices, the financial markets, banking and the analysis and reporting of financial data.
54		Computers and Electronics — Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and computer hardware and software, including applications and programming.
50		Personnel and Human Resources — Knowledge of principles and procedures for personnel recruitment, selection, training, compensation and benefits, labor relations and negotiation, and personnel information systems.
49		Public Safety and Security — Knowledge of relevant equipment, policies, procedures, and strategies to promote effective local, state, or national security operations for the protection of people, data, property, and institutions.
47		Education and Training — Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and training design, teaching and instruction for individuals and groups, and the measurement of training effects.
47		Sales and Marketing — Knowledge of principles and methods for showing, promoting, and selling products or services. This includes marketing strategy and tactics, product demonstration, sales techniques, and sales control systems.
46		Transportation — Knowledge of principles and methods for moving people or goods by air, rail, sea, or road, including the relative costs and benefits.
41		Mechanical — Knowledge of machines and tools, including their designs, uses, repair, and maintenance.
39		Psychology — Knowledge of human behavior and performance; individual differences in ability, personality, and interests; learning and motivation; psychological research methods; and the assessment and treatment of behavioral and affective disorders.
38		Clerical — Knowledge of administrative and clerical procedures and systems such as word processing, managing files and records, stenography and transcription, designing forms, and other office procedures and terminology.
37		Chemistry — Knowledge of the chemical composition, structure, and properties of substances and of the chemical processes and transformations that they undergo. This includes uses of chemicals and their interactions, danger signs, production techniques, and disposal methods.
34		Geography — Knowledge of principles and methods for describing the features of land, sea, and air masses, including their physical characteristics, locations, interrelationships, and distribution of plant, animal, and human life.
33		Communications and Media — Knowledge of media production, communication, and dissemination techniques and methods. This includes alternative ways to inform and entertain via written, oral, and visual media.
31		Production and Processing — Knowledge of raw materials, production processes, quality control, costs, and other techniques for maximizing the effective manufacture and distribution of goods.
22		Telecommunications — Knowledge of transmission, broadcasting, switching, control, and operation of telecommunications systems.
16		Sociology and Anthropology — Knowledge of group behavior and dynamics, societal trends and influences, human migrations, ethnicity, cultures and their history and origins.
14		History and Archeology — Knowledge of historical events and their causes, indicators, and effects on civilizations and cultures.
13		Biology — Knowledge of plant and animal organisms, their tissues, cells, functions, interdependencies, and interactions with each other and the environment.
11		Philosophy and Theology — Knowledge of different philosophical systems and religions. This includes their basic principles, values, ethics, ways of thinking, customs, practices, and their impact on human culture.
10		Foreign Language — Knowledge of the structure and content of a foreign (non-English) language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition and grammar, and pronunciation.
7		Fine Arts — Knowledge of the theory and techniques required to compose, produce, and perform works of music, dance, visual arts, drama, and sculpture.
6		Therapy and Counseling — Knowledge of principles, methods, and procedures for diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of physical and mental dysfunctions, and for career counseling and guidance.
2		Medicine and Dentistry — Knowledge of the information and techniques needed to diagnose and treat human injuries, diseases, and deformities. This includes symptoms, treatment alternatives, drug properties and interactions, and preventive health-care measures.
0		Food Production — Knowledge of techniques and equipment for planting, growing, and harvesting food products (both plant and animal) for consumption, including storage/handling techniques.

Skills Save Table (XLS/CSV)

Importance		Skill
75		Critical Thinking — Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclusions or approaches to problems.
75		Reading Comprehension — Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work related documents.
72		Active Listening — Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand the points being made, asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times.
72		Complex Problem Solving — Identifying complex problems and reviewing related information to develop and evaluate options and implement solutions.
72		Mathematics — Using mathematics to solve problems.
72		Operations Analysis — Analyzing needs and product requirements to create a design.
72		Speaking — Talking to others to convey information effectively.
72		Systems Analysis — Determining how a system should work and how changes in conditions, operations, and the environment will affect outcomes.
69		Time Management — Managing one's own time and the time of others.
66		Science — Using scientific rules and methods to solve problems.
60		Active Learning — Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future problem-solving and decision-making.
60		Judgment and Decision Making — Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the most appropriate one.
60		Systems Evaluation — Identifying measures or indicators of system performance and the actions needed to improve or correct performance, relative to the goals of the system.
56		Coordination — Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions.
56		Monitoring — Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organizations to make improvements or take corrective action.
53		Instructing — Teaching others how to do something.
53		Learning Strategies — Selecting and using training/instructional methods and procedures appropriate for the situation when learning or teaching new things.
53		Management of Material Resources — Obtaining and seeing to the appropriate use of equipment, facilities, and materials needed to do certain work.
53		Persuasion — Persuading others to change their minds or behavior.
53		Social Perceptiveness — Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react as they do.
53		Writing — Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audience.
50		Management of Personnel Resources — Motivating, developing, and directing people as they work, identifying the best people for the job.
50		Negotiation — Bringing others together and trying to reconcile differences.
50		Service Orientation — Actively looking for ways to help people.
47		Management of Financial Resources — Determining how money will be spent to get the work done, and accounting for these expenditures.
35		Quality Control Analysis — Conducting tests and inspections of products, services, or processes to evaluate quality or performance.
35		Repairing — Repairing machines or systems using the needed tools.
35		Technology Design — Generating or adapting equipment and technology to serve user needs.
31		Operation Monitoring — Watching gauges, dials, or other indicators to make sure a machine is working properly.
25		Programming — Writing computer programs for various purposes.
19		Equipment Maintenance — Performing routine maintenance on equipment and determining when and what kind of maintenance is needed.
10		Equipment Selection — Determining the kind of tools and equipment needed to do a job.
10		Operation and Control — Controlling operations of equipment or systems.
10		Troubleshooting — Determining causes of operating errors and deciding what to do about it.
0		Installation — Installing equipment, machines, wiring, or programs to meet specifications.

Abilities Save Table (XLS/CSV)

Importance		Ability
75		Deductive Reasoning — The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that make sense.
75		Inductive Reasoning — The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusions (includes finding a relationship among seemingly unrelated events).
75		Information Ordering — The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according to a specific rule or set of rules (e.g., patterns of numbers, letters, words, pictures, mathematical operations).
75		Oral Comprehension — The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through spoken words and sentences.
75		Oral Expression — The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will understand.
75		Problem Sensitivity — The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does not involve solving the problem, only recognizing there is a problem.
72		Category Flexibility — The ability to generate or use different sets of rules for combining or grouping things in different ways.
72		Mathematical Reasoning — The ability to choose the right mathematical methods or formulas to solve a problem.
72		Written Comprehension — The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.
72		Written Expression — The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will understand.
69		Flexibility of Closure — The ability to identify or detect a known pattern (a figure, object, word, or sound) that is hidden in other distracting material.
69		Near Vision — The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).
69		Number Facility — The ability to add, subtract, multiply, or divide quickly and correctly.
69		Visualization — The ability to imagine how something will look after it is moved around or when its parts are moved or rearranged.
63		Far Vision — The ability to see details at a distance.
63		Fluency of Ideas — The ability to come up with a number of ideas about a topic (the number of ideas is important, not their quality, correctness, or creativity).
63		Perceptual Speed — The ability to quickly and accurately compare similarities and differences among sets of letters, numbers, objects, pictures, or patterns. The things to be compared may be presented at the same time or one after the other. This ability also includes comparing a presented object with a remembered object.
63		Speech Clarity — The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you.
63		Speech Recognition — The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person.
60		Originality — The ability to come up with unusual or clever ideas about a given topic or situation, or to develop creative ways to solve a problem.
50		Selective Attention — The ability to concentrate on a task over a period of time without being distracted.
50		Speed of Closure — The ability to quickly make sense of, combine, and organize information into meaningful patterns.
47		Auditory Attention — The ability to focus on a single source of sound in the presence of other distracting sounds.
47		Memorization — The ability to remember information such as words, numbers, pictures, and procedures.
47		Time Sharing — The ability to shift back and forth between two or more activities or sources of information (such as speech, sounds, touch, or other sources).
44		Hearing Sensitivity — The ability to detect or tell the differences between sounds that vary in pitch and loudness.
44		Visual Color Discrimination — The ability to match or detect differences between colors, including shades of color and brightness.
41		Depth Perception — The ability to judge which of several objects is closer or farther away from you, or to judge the distance between you and an object.
41		Finger Dexterity — The ability to make precisely coordinated movements of the fingers of one or both hands to grasp, manipulate, or assemble very small objects.
25		Spatial Orientation — The ability to know your location in relation to the environment or to know where other objects are in relation to you.
22		Control Precision — The ability to quickly and repeatedly adjust the controls of a machine or a vehicle to exact positions.
22		Multilimb Coordination — The ability to coordinate two or more limbs (for example, two arms, two legs, or one leg and one arm) while sitting, standing, or lying down. It does not involve performing the activities while the whole body is in motion.
3		Arm-Hand Steadiness — The ability to keep your hand and arm steady while moving your arm or while holding your arm and hand in one position.
3		Glare Sensitivity — The ability to see objects in the presence of glare or bright lighting.
3		Manual Dexterity — The ability to quickly move your hand, your hand together with your arm, or your two hands to grasp, manipulate, or assemble objects.
3		Peripheral Vision — The ability to see objects or movement of objects to one's side when the eyes are looking ahead.
3		Sound Localization — The ability to tell the direction from which a sound originated.
3		Trunk Strength — The ability to use your abdominal and lower back muscles to support part of the body repeatedly or continuously over time without 'giving out' or fatiguing.
0		Dynamic Flexibility — The ability to quickly and repeatedly bend, stretch, twist, or reach out with your body, arms, and/or legs.
0		Dynamic Strength — The ability to exert muscle force repeatedly or continuously over time. This involves muscular endurance and resistance to muscle fatigue.
0		Explosive Strength — The ability to use short bursts of muscle force to propel oneself (as in jumping or sprinting), or to throw an object.
0		Extent Flexibility — The ability to bend, stretch, twist, or reach with your body, arms, and/or legs.
0		Gross Body Coordination — The ability to coordinate the movement of your arms, legs, and torso together when the whole body is in motion.
0		Gross Body Equilibrium — The ability to keep or regain your body balance or stay upright when in an unstable position.
0		Night Vision — The ability to see under low light conditions.
0		Rate Control — The ability to time your movements or the movement of a piece of equipment in anticipation of changes in the speed and/or direction of a moving object or scene.
0		Reaction Time — The ability to quickly respond (with the hand, finger, or foot) to a signal (sound, light, picture) when it appears.
0		Response Orientation — The ability to choose quickly between two or more movements in response to two or more different signals (lights, sounds, pictures). It includes the speed with which the correct response is started with the hand, foot, or other body part.
0		Speed of Limb Movement — The ability to quickly move the arms and legs.
0		Stamina — The ability to exert yourself physically over long periods of time without getting winded or out of breath.
0		Static Strength — The ability to exert maximum muscle force to lift, push, pull, or carry objects.
0		Wrist-Finger Speed — The ability to make fast, simple, repeated movements of the fingers, hands, and wrists.

Work Activities Save Table (XLS/CSV)

Importance		Work Activity
85		Making Decisions and Solving Problems — Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and solve problems.
84		Getting Information — Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sources.
80		Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates — Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone, in written form, e-mail, or in person.
77		Interacting With Computers — Using computers and computer systems (including hardware and software) to program, write software, set up functions, enter data, or process information.
76		Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards — Using relevant information and individual judgment to determine whether events or processes comply with laws, regulations, or standards.
75		Thinking Creatively — Developing, designing, or creating new applications, ideas, relationships, systems, or products, including artistic contributions.
75		Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge — Keeping up-to-date technically and applying new knowledge to your job.
73		Communicating with Persons Outside Organization — Communicating with people outside the organization, representing the organization to customers, the public, government, and other external sources. This information can be exchanged in person, in writing, or by telephone or e-mail.
73		Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work — Developing specific goals and plans to prioritize, organize, and accomplish your work.
71		Analyzing Data or Information — Identifying the underlying principles, reasons, or facts of information by breaking down information or data into separate parts.
71		Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships — Developing constructive and cooperative working relationships with others, and maintaining them over time.
71		Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Material — Inspecting equipment, structures, or materials to identify the cause of errors or other problems or defects.
70		Coordinating the Work and Activities of Others — Getting members of a group to work together to accomplish tasks.
70		Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events — Identifying information by categorizing, estimating, recognizing differences or similarities, and detecting changes in circumstances or events.
69		Developing and Building Teams — Encouraging and building mutual trust, respect, and cooperation among team members.
68		Provide Consultation and Advice to Others — Providing guidance and expert advice to management or other groups on technical, systems-, or process-related topics.
66		Monitoring and Controlling Resources — Monitoring and controlling resources and overseeing the spending of money.
66		Processing Information — Compiling, coding, categorizing, calculating, tabulating, auditing, or verifying information or data.
66		Scheduling Work and Activities — Scheduling events, programs, and activities, as well as the work of others.
65		Estimating the Quantifiable Characteristics of Products, Events, or Information — Estimating sizes, distances, and quantities; or determining time, costs, resources, or materials needed to perform a work activity.
65		Guiding, Directing, and Motivating Subordinates — Providing guidance and direction to subordinates, including setting performance standards and monitoring performance.
65		Judging the Qualities of Things, Services, or People — Assessing the value, importance, or quality of things or people.
64		Resolving Conflicts and Negotiating with Others — Handling complaints, settling disputes, and resolving grievances and conflicts, or otherwise negotiating with others.
63		Coaching and Developing Others — Identifying the developmental needs of others and coaching, mentoring, or otherwise helping others to improve their knowledge or skills.
63		Documenting/Recording Information — Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information in written or electronic/magnetic form.
61		Drafting, Laying Out, and Specifying Technical Devices, Parts, and Equipment — Providing documentation, detailed instructions, drawings, or specifications to tell others about how devices, parts, equipment, or structures are to be fabricated, constructed, assembled, modified, maintained, or used.
60		Developing Objectives and Strategies — Establishing long-range objectives and specifying the strategies and actions to achieve them.
60		Training and Teaching Others — Identifying the educational needs of others, developing formal educational or training programs or classes, and teaching or instructing others.
59		Interpreting the Meaning of Information for Others — Translating or explaining what information means and how it can be used.
59		Monitor Processes, Materials, or Surroundings — Monitoring and reviewing information from materials, events, or the environment, to detect or assess problems.
56		Staffing Organizational Units — Recruiting, interviewing, selecting, hiring, and promoting employees in an organization.
48		Performing Administrative Activities — Performing day-to-day administrative tasks such as maintaining information files and processing paperwork.
43		Performing for or Working Directly with the Public — Performing for people or dealing directly with the public. This includes serving customers in restaurants and stores, and receiving clients or guests.
41		Selling or Influencing Others — Convincing others to buy merchandise/goods or to otherwise change their minds or actions.
31		Assisting and Caring for Others — Providing personal assistance, medical attention, emotional support, or other personal care to others such as coworkers, customers, or patients.
31		Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment — Running, maneuvering, navigating, or driving vehicles or mechanized equipment, such as forklifts, passenger vehicles, aircraft, or water craft.
30		Performing General Physical Activities — Performing physical activities that require considerable use of your arms and legs and moving your whole body, such as climbing, lifting, balancing, walking, stooping, and handling of materials.
22		Handling and Moving Objects — Using hands and arms in handling, installing, positioning, and moving materials, and manipulating things.
20		Repairing and Maintaining Electronic Equipment — Servicing, repairing, calibrating, regulating, fine-tuning, or testing machines, devices, and equipment that operate primarily on the basis of electrical or electronic (not mechanical) principles.
19		Controlling Machines and Processes — Using either control mechanisms or direct physical activity to operate machines or processes (not including computers or vehicles).
18		Repairing and Maintaining Mechanical Equipment — Servicing, repairing, adjusting, and testing machines, devices, moving parts, and equipment that operate primarily on the basis of mechanical (not electronic) principles.

Detailed Work Activities Save Table (XLS/CSV)

Inspect facilities or sites to determine if they meet specifications or standards.
Estimate technical or resource requirements for development or production projects.
Recommend technical design or process changes to improve efficiency, quality, or performance.
Design systems to reduce harmful emissions.
Test characteristics of materials or structures.
Direct construction activities.
Estimate operational costs.
Survey land or bodies of water to measure or determine features.
Create graphical representations of civil structures.
Develop technical methods or processes.
Investigate the environmental impact of projects.
Explain project details to the general public.
Incorporate green features into the design of structures or facilities.
Prepare proposal documents.
Coordinate safety or regulatory compliance activities.
Evaluate technical data to determine effect on designs or plans.
Implement design or process improvements.
Analyze operational data to evaluate operations, processes or products.

Find occupations related to multiple detailed work activities

Work Context Save Table (XLS/CSV)

Work Context

Percentage of Top Responses

Electronic Mail — How often do you use electronic mail in this job?


91	Every day

Telephone — How often do you have telephone conversations in this job?


83	Every day
13	Once a week or more but not every day

Face-to-Face Discussions — How often do you have to have face-to-face discussions with individuals or teams in this job?


83	Every day

Importance of Being Exact or Accurate — How important is being very exact or highly accurate in performing this job?


26	Extremely important
70	Very important

Duration of Typical Work Week — Number of hours typically worked in one week.


61	More than 40 hours
35	40 hours

Contact With Others — How much does this job require the worker to be in contact with others (face-to-face, by telephone, or otherwise) in order to perform it?


30	Constant contact with others
52	Contact with others most of the time
13	Contact with others about half the time

Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results — What results do your decisions usually have on other people or the image or reputation or financial resources of your employer?


30	Very important results
52	Important results
13	Moderate results

Work With Work Group or Team — How important is it to work with others in a group or team in this job?


26	Extremely important
61	Very important

Freedom to Make Decisions — How much decision making freedom, without supervision, does the job offer?


22	A lot of freedom
61	Some freedom
13	Limited freedom

Indoors, Environmentally Controlled — How often does this job require working indoors in environmentally controlled conditions?


52	Every day
17	Once a week or more but not every day
13	Once a month or more but not every week
13	Once a year or more but not every month

Letters and Memos — How often does the job require written letters and memos?


13	Every day
65	Once a week or more but not every day
22	Once a month or more but not every week

Structured versus Unstructured Work — To what extent is this job structured for the worker, rather than allowing the worker to determine tasks, priorities, and goals?


17	A lot of freedom
57	Some freedom
22	Limited freedom

Consequence of Error — How serious would the result usually be if the worker made a mistake that was not readily correctable?


39	Extremely serious
22	Very serious
17	Serious
22	Fairly serious

Spend Time Sitting — How much does this job require sitting?


13	Continually or almost continually
52	More than half the time
30	About half the time

Time Pressure — How often does this job require the worker to meet strict deadlines?


17	Every day
43	Once a week or more but not every day
30	Once a month or more but not every week

Frequency of Decision Making — How frequently is the worker required to make decisions that affect other people, the financial resources, and/or the image and reputation of the organization?


22	Every day
35	Once a week or more but not every day
22	Once a month or more but not every week
17	Once a year or more but not every month

Level of Competition — To what extent does this job require the worker to compete or to be aware of competitive pressures?


43	Highly competitive
43	Moderately competitive

Outdoors, Exposed to Weather — How often does this job require working outdoors, exposed to all weather conditions?


14	Every day
29	Once a week or more but not every day
43	Once a month or more but not every week
14	Once a year or more but not every month

In an Enclosed Vehicle or Equipment — How often does this job require working in a closed vehicle or equipment (e.g., car)?


19	Every day
33	Once a week or more but not every day
19	Once a month or more but not every week
24	Once a year or more but not every month

Responsibility for Outcomes and Results — How responsible is the worker for work outcomes and results of other workers?


48	High responsibility
30	Moderate responsibility
13	Limited responsibility

Coordinate or Lead Others — How important is it to coordinate or lead others in accomplishing work activities in this job?


41	Very important
32	Important
18	Fairly important

Deal With External Customers — How important is it to work with external customers or the public in this job?


35	Very important
30	Important
26	Fairly important

Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets — How much does this job require wearing common protective or safety equipment such as safety shoes, glasses, gloves, hard hats or life jackets?


13	Every day
22	Once a week or more but not every day
30	Once a month or more but not every week
30	Once a year or more but not every month

Sounds, Noise Levels Are Distracting or Uncomfortable — How often does this job require working exposed to sounds and noise levels that are distracting or uncomfortable?


24	Once a week or more but not every day
29	Once a month or more but not every week
38	Once a year or more but not every month

Responsible for Others' Health and Safety — How much responsibility is there for the health and safety of others in this job?


26	High responsibility
26	Moderate responsibility
35	Limited responsibility

Frequency of Conflict Situations — How often are there conflict situations the employee has to face in this job?


39	Once a week or more but not every day
22	Once a month or more but not every week
30	Once a year or more but not every month

Indoors, Not Environmentally Controlled — How often does this job require working indoors in non-controlled environmental conditions (e.g., warehouse without heat)?


35	Once a week or more but not every day
17	Once a month or more but not every week
22	Once a year or more but not every month
22	Never

Physical Proximity — To what extent does this job require the worker to perform job tasks in close physical proximity to other people?


43	Slightly close (e.g., shared office)
29	I work with others but not closely (e.g., private office)

Deal With Unpleasant or Angry People — How frequently does the worker have to deal with unpleasant, angry, or discourteous individuals as part of the job requirements?


57	Once a month or more but not every week
39	Once a year or more but not every month

Importance of Repeating Same Tasks — How important is repeating the same physical activities (e.g., key entry) or mental activities (e.g., checking entries in a ledger) over and over, without stopping, to performing this job?


22	Very important
13	Important
39	Fairly important
17	Not important at all

Outdoors, Under Cover — How often does this job require working outdoors, under cover (e.g., structure with roof but no walls)?


19	Once a week or more but not every day
33	Once a month or more but not every week
38	Once a year or more but not every month

Public Speaking — How often do you have to perform public speaking in this job?


17	Once a week or more but not every day
30	Once a month or more but not every week
43	Once a year or more but not every month

Spend Time Standing — How much does this job require standing?


26	About half the time
61	Less than half the time

Exposed to High Places — How often does this job require exposure to high places?


35	Once a month or more but not every week
48	Once a year or more but not every month
13	Never

Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls — How much does this job require using your hands to handle, control, or feel objects, tools or controls?


13	About half the time
57	Less than half the time
17	Never

Extremely Bright or Inadequate Lighting — How often does this job require working in extremely bright or inadequate lighting conditions?


14	Once a week or more but not every day
14	Once a month or more but not every week
57	Once a year or more but not every month
14	Never

Very Hot or Cold Temperatures — How often does this job require working in very hot (above 90 F degrees) or very cold (below 32 F degrees) temperatures?


33	Once a month or more but not every week
48	Once a year or more but not every month
14	Never

Degree of Automation — How automated is the job?


39	Moderately automated
30	Slightly automated
26	Not at all automated

Exposed to Contaminants — How often does this job require working exposed to contaminants (such as pollutants, gases, dust or odors)?


13	Once a week or more but not every day
17	Once a month or more but not every week
48	Once a year or more but not every month
22	Never

Exposed to Hazardous Equipment — How often does this job require exposure to hazardous equipment?


13	Once a week or more but not every day
22	Once a month or more but not every week
39	Once a year or more but not every month
26	Never

Wear Specialized Protective or Safety Equipment such as Breathing Apparatus, Safety Harness, Full Protection Suits, or Radiation Protection — How much does this job require wearing specialized protective or safety equipment such as breathing apparatus, safety harness, full protection suits, or radiation protection?


29	Once a month or more but not every week
38	Once a year or more but not every month
29	Never

Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions — How much does this job require making repetitive motions?


65	Less than half the time
22	Never

Spend Time Walking and Running — How much does this job require walking and running?


78	Less than half the time
13	Never

Cramped Work Space, Awkward Positions — How often does this job require working in cramped work spaces that requires getting into awkward positions?


13	Once a month or more but not every week
57	Once a year or more but not every month
26	Never

Exposed to Minor Burns, Cuts, Bites, or Stings — How often does this job require exposure to minor burns, cuts, bites, or stings?


48	Once a year or more but not every month
35	Never

Exposed to Hazardous Conditions — How often does this job require exposure to hazardous conditions?


13	Once a month or more but not every week
39	Once a year or more but not every month
43	Never

Spend Time Bending or Twisting the Body — How much does this job require bending or twisting your body?


61	Less than half the time
35	Never

Work Schedules — How regular are the work schedules for this job?


39	Irregular (changes with weather conditions, production demands, or contract duration)
61	Regular (established routine, set schedule)

In an Open Vehicle or Equipment — How often does this job require working in an open vehicle or equipment (e.g., tractor)?


14	Once a month or more but not every week
24	Once a year or more but not every month
57	Never

Spend Time Climbing Ladders, Scaffolds, or Poles — How much does this job require climbing ladders, scaffolds, or poles?


61	Less than half the time
35	Never

Deal With Physically Aggressive People — How frequently does this job require the worker to deal with physical aggression of violent individuals?


48	Once a year or more but not every month
48	Never

Spend Time Kneeling, Crouching, Stooping, or Crawling — How much does this job require kneeling, crouching, stooping or crawling?


57	Less than half the time
43	Never

Pace Determined by Speed of Equipment — How important is it to this job that the pace is determined by the speed of equipment or machinery? (This does not refer to keeping busy at all times on this job.)


17	Fairly important
70	Not important at all

Spend Time Keeping or Regaining Balance — How much does this job require keeping or regaining your balance?


39	Less than half the time
57	Never

Exposed to Radiation — How often does this job require exposure to radiation?


30	Once a year or more but not every month
70	Never

Exposed to Whole Body Vibration — How often does this job require exposure to whole body vibration (e.g., operate a jackhammer)?


83	Never

Exposed to Disease or Infections — How often does this job require exposure to disease/infections?


91	Never

Job Zone Save Table (XLS/CSV)

Title	Job Zone Four: Considerable Preparation Needed
Education	Most of these occupations require a four-year bachelor's degree, but some do not.
Related Experience	A considerable amount of work-related skill, knowledge, or experience is needed for these occupations. For example, an accountant must complete four years of college and work for several years in accounting to be considered qualified.
Job Training	Employees in these occupations usually need several years of work-related experience, on-the-job training, and/or vocational training.
Job Zone Examples	Many of these occupations involve coordinating, supervising, managing, or training others. Examples include accountants, sales managers, database administrators, graphic designers, chemists, art directors, and cost estimators.
SVP Range	(7.0 to < 8.0)

Education

Percentage of Respondents	Education Level Required
43	Bachelor's degree
26	Master's degree
13	Post-baccalaureate certificate

Credentials

Interests Save Table (XLS/CSV)

Occupational Interest		Interest
95		Realistic — Realistic occupations frequently involve work activities that include practical, hands-on problems and solutions. They often deal with plants, animals, and real-world materials like wood, tools, and machinery. Many of the occupations require working outside, and do not involve a lot of paperwork or working closely with others.
83		Investigative — Investigative occupations frequently involve working with ideas, and require an extensive amount of thinking. These occupations can involve searching for facts and figuring out problems mentally.
56		Conventional — Conventional occupations frequently involve following set procedures and routines. These occupations can include working with data and details more than with ideas. Usually there is a clear line of authority to follow.
28		Artistic — Artistic occupations frequently involve working with forms, designs and patterns. They often require self-expression and the work can be done without following a clear set of rules.
28		Enterprising — Enterprising occupations frequently involve starting up and carrying out projects. These occupations can involve leading people and making many decisions. Sometimes they require risk taking and often deal with business.
6		Social — Social occupations frequently involve working with, communicating with, and teaching people. These occupations often involve helping or providing service to others.

Work Styles Save Table (XLS/CSV)

Importance		Work Style
97		Integrity — Job requires being honest and ethical.
86		Dependability — Job requires being reliable, responsible, and dependable, and fulfilling obligations.
82		Attention to Detail — Job requires being careful about detail and thorough in completing work tasks.
78		Analytical Thinking — Job requires analyzing information and using logic to address work-related issues and problems.
78		Initiative — Job requires a willingness to take on responsibilities and challenges.
77		Achievement/Effort — Job requires establishing and maintaining personally challenging achievement goals and exerting effort toward mastering tasks.
76		Self Control — Job requires maintaining composure, keeping emotions in check, controlling anger, and avoiding aggressive behavior, even in very difficult situations.
75		Persistence — Job requires persistence in the face of obstacles.
74		Cooperation — Job requires being pleasant with others on the job and displaying a good-natured, cooperative attitude.
74		Leadership — Job requires a willingness to lead, take charge, and offer opinions and direction.
73		Adaptability/Flexibility — Job requires being open to change (positive or negative) and to considerable variety in the workplace.
71		Stress Tolerance — Job requires accepting criticism and dealing calmly and effectively with high stress situations.
68		Independence — Job requires developing one's own ways of doing things, guiding oneself with little or no supervision, and depending on oneself to get things done.
66		Innovation — Job requires creativity and alternative thinking to develop new ideas for and answers to work-related problems.
64		Concern for Others — Job requires being sensitive to others' needs and feelings and being understanding and helpful on the job.
48		Social Orientation — Job requires preferring to work with others rather than alone, and being personally connected with others on the job.

Work Values Save Table (XLS/CSV)

Extent		Work Value
83		Independence — Occupations that satisfy this work value allow employees to work on their own and make decisions. Corresponding needs are Creativity, Responsibility and Autonomy.
75		Working Conditions — Occupations that satisfy this work value offer job security and good working conditions. Corresponding needs are Activity, Compensation, Independence, Security, Variety and Working Conditions.
72		Achievement — Occupations that satisfy this work value are results oriented and allow employees to use their strongest abilities, giving them a feeling of accomplishment. Corresponding needs are Ability Utilization and Achievement.
72		Recognition — Occupations that satisfy this work value offer advancement, potential for leadership, and are often considered prestigious. Corresponding needs are Advancement, Authority, Recognition and Social Status.
61		Support — Occupations that satisfy this work value offer supportive management that stands behind employees. Corresponding needs are Company Policies, Supervision: Human Relations and Supervision: Technical.
50		Relationships — Occupations that satisfy this work value allow employees to provide service to others and work with co-workers in a friendly non-competitive environment. Corresponding needs are Co-workers, Moral Values and Social Service.

Related Occupations Save Table (XLS/CSV)

11-9021.00	Construction Managers
11-9041.00	Architectural and Engineering Managers
13-1081.01	Logistics Engineers
17-2021.00	Agricultural Engineers
17-2051.01	Transportation Engineers Bright Outlook Green
17-2081.00	Environmental Engineers
17-2111.02	Fire-Prevention and Protection Engineers
17-2151.00	Mining and Geological Engineers, Including Mining Safety Engineers
17-2199.03	Energy Engineers
19-1031.01	Soil and Water Conservationists

Wages & Employment Trends

Median wages (2016)	$40.16 hourly, $83,540 annual
State wages

Employment (2014)	281,000 employees
Projected growth (2014-2024)	Average (5% to 8%)
Projected job openings (2014-2024)	106,700
State trends

Top industries (2014)	Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services (52% employed in this sector) Government (27%) (see all industries)

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics 2016 wage data and 2014-2024 employment projections . "Projected growth" represents the estimated change in total employment over the projections period (2014-2024). "Projected job openings" represent openings due to growth and replacement.

Job Openings on the Web

Sources of Additional Information

Disclaimer: Sources are listed to provide additional information on related jobs, specialties, and/or industries. Links to non-DOL Internet sites are provided for your convenience and do not constitute an endorsement.