Details Report for:
19-3091.00 - Anthropologists and Archeologists

Study the origin, development, and behavior of human beings. May study the way of life, language, or physical characteristics of people in various parts of the world. May engage in systematic recovery and examination of material evidence, such as tools or pottery remaining from past human cultures, in order to determine the history, customs, and living habits of earlier civilizations.

Sample of reported job titles: American Indian Policy Specialist, Applied Anthropologist, Applied Cultural Anthropologist, Archaeologist, Curator, Forensic Anthropologist, Research Anthropologist, Research Archaeologist

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Tasks Save Table (XLS/CSV)

Importance	Category	Task
94	Core	Study objects and structures recovered by excavation to identify, date, and authenticate them and to interpret their significance.
93	Core	Collect information and make judgments through observation, interviews, and review of documents.
92	Core	Research, survey, or assess sites of past societies and cultures in search of answers to specific research questions.
91	Core	Write about and present research findings for a variety of specialized and general audiences.
87	Core	Describe artifacts' physical properties or attributes, such as the materials from which artifacts are made and their size, shape, function, and decoration.
85	Core	Plan and direct research to characterize and compare the economic, demographic, health care, social, political, linguistic, and religious institutions of distinct cultural groups, communities, and organizations.
83	Core	Compare findings from one site with archeological data from other sites to find similarities or differences.
83	Core	Record the exact locations and conditions of artifacts uncovered in diggings or surveys, using drawings and photographs as necessary.
83	Core	Assess archeological sites for resource management, development, or conservation purposes and recommend methods for site protection.
81	Core	Gather and analyze artifacts and skeletal remains to increase knowledge of ancient cultures.
80	Core	Collect artifacts made of stone, bone, metal, and other materials, placing them in bags and marking them to show where they were found.
78	Core	Identify culturally specific beliefs and practices affecting health status and access to services for distinct populations and communities, in collaboration with medical and public health officials.
77	Core	Consult site reports, existing artifacts, and topographic maps to identify archeological sites.
76	Core	Train others in the application of ethnographic research methods to solve problems in organizational effectiveness, communications, technology development, policy making, and program planning.
75	Core	Advise government agencies, private organizations, and communities regarding proposed programs, plans, and policies and their potential impacts on cultural institutions, organizations, and communities.
75	Core	Create data records for use in describing and analyzing social patterns and processes, using photography, videography, and audio recordings.
75	Core	Develop intervention procedures, using techniques such as individual and focus group interviews, consultations, and participant observation of social interaction.
74	Core	Develop and test theories concerning the origin and development of past cultures.
73	Core	Lead field training sites and train field staff, students, and volunteers in excavation methods.
71	Core	Collaborate with economic development planners to decide on the implementation of proposed development policies, plans, and programs based on culturally institutionalized barriers and facilitating circumstances.
68	Core	Clean, restore, and preserve artifacts.
68	Core	Conduct participatory action research in communities and organizations to assess how work is done and to design work systems, technologies, and environments.
68	Core	Organize public exhibits and displays to promote public awareness of diverse and distinctive cultural traditions.
66	Core	Formulate general rules that describe and predict the development and behavior of cultures and social institutions.
65	Core	Study archival collections of primary historical sources to help explain the origins and development of cultural patterns.
64	Core	Apply traditional ecological knowledge and assessments of culturally distinctive land and resource management institutions to assist in the resolution of conflicts over habitat protection and resource enhancement.
63	Core	Enhance the cultural sensitivity of elementary and secondary curricula and classroom interactions in collaboration with educators and teachers.
63	Core	Participate in forensic activities, such as tooth and bone structure identification, in conjunction with police departments and pathologists.
Not available	Not available	Teach or mentor undergraduate and graduate students in athropology or archeology.
Not available	Not available	Write grant proposals to obtain funding for research.

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Technology Skills Save Table (XLS/CSV)

Analytical or scientific software — IBM SPSS Statistics ; SAS ; The MathWorks MATLAB ; Wolfram Research Mathematica (see all 14 examples)
Computer aided design CAD software — Autodesk AutoCAD
Data base user interface and query software — Archeological Sites Management Information System ASMIS; Genealogy software; Microsoft Access ; Structured query language SQL (see all 5 examples)
Desktop publishing software — Adobe Systems Adobe InDesign ; Adobe Systems Adobe PageMaker
Development environment software — Software development tools
Document management software — Adobe Systems Adobe Acrobat
Electronic mail software — Microsoft Outlook
Graphics or photo imaging software — Adobe Systems Adobe Illustrator ; Adobe Systems Adobe Photoshop ; GE Healthcare ImageQuant TL; Graphics software (see all 5 examples)
Internet browser software — Microsoft Internet Explorer; Web browser software
Map creation software — ESRI ArcGIS software ; ESRI ArcView; Geographic information system GIS software ; Trimble Pathfinder Office (see all 7 examples)
Object or component oriented development software — C++
Office suite software — Microsoft Office
Operating system software — Microsoft Windows
Presentation software — Microsoft PowerPoint
Project management software — Microsoft SharePoint
Spreadsheet software — Microsoft Excel
Video creation and editing software — Apple Final Cut Express; Apple iMovie; Microsoft Windows Movie Maker; Sony Creative Software Vegas Movie Studio
Voice recognition software — Voice activated software
Web page creation and editing software — Adobe Systems Adobe Dreamweaver; Facebook ; Microsoft FrontPage
Word processing software — Microsoft Word

Hot Technology — a technology requirement frequently included in employer job postings.

Tools Used Save Table (XLS/CSV)

All terrain vehicles tracked or wheeled — Four wheel drive 4WD vehicles
Augers — Bucket augers
Bench scales
Benchtop centrifuges — Countertop centrifuges
Binocular light compound microscopes — Laboratory binocular microscopes; Oil immersion microscopes
Binoculars
Calipers — Digital calipers; Sliding calipers; Spreading calipers; Vernier calipers (see all 6 examples)
Chemiluminescence or bioluminescence analyzers — Luminescence readers
Cold chisels
Compressed air gun — Pneumatic airscribes
Conductivity meters — Conductance meters; Conductivity probes
Dental burs
Dental probes — Dental picks
Deoxyribonucleic sequence analyzers — Deoxyribonucleic acid DNA analyzers; Deoxyribonucleic acid DNA sequencers
Desktop computers
Developing tanks — Film processors
Dictation machines — Transcription equipment
Digital camcorders or video cameras — Digital video cameras
Digital cameras
Digital voice recorders — Digital audio recorders
Diving instruments or accessories — Scuba diving equipment
Dropping pipettes — Laboratory dropping pipettes
Drying cabinets or ovens — Drying ovens
Electron microscopes — Electron microprobes
Electronic toploading balances — Electronic topload scales
Floor or platform scales — Platform scales
Forestry increment borers — Tree ring sampling kits
Freeze dryers or lyopholizers — Vacuum freeze-drying chambers
Fume hoods or cupboards — Fume hoods; Laboratory fume hoods
Gel boxes — Gel electrophoresis boxes
General purpose refrigerators or refrigerator freezers — Laboratory refrigerators
Geological compasses — Directional compasses
Global positioning system GPS receiver — Global positioning system GPS receivers
Goggles — Safety goggles
Hammers — Crack hammers
Heating or drying equipment or accessories — Drying racks; Laboratory vacuum dryers
High pressure liquid chromatograph chromatography — High pressure liquid chromatograph HPLC equipment
Inductively coupled plasma ICP spectrometers — Inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopes ICP-ES
Ion selective electrode ISE meters — Selective ion meters
Isolation glove boxes — Laboratory glove boxes
Laboratory balances — Laboratory precision balances
Laboratory beakers — Glass beakers
Laboratory burets — Glass burets
Laboratory mixers — Thermomixers
Laboratory scalpels
Laboratory separators — Water screening devices
Laboratory sifting equipment — Graded sieves; Mesh sifting screens; Shaker screens
Land drilling rigs — Hydraulic drilling rigs
Levels — Digital levels; Laser line levels
Loupes — Pocket loupes
Magnetic stirrers — Magnetic stirring bars
Magnetometer geophysical instruments — Geophysical magnetometers
Masks or accessories — Dust masks
Mass spectrometers — Inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopes ICP-MS
Measuring tables — Alidades
Metal detectors
Metallurgical microscopes
Microcentrifuges
Microphones — External lavalier microphones
Microplate readers — Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ELISA plate readers
Notebook computers — Laptop computers
PCR enclosures — Polymerase chain reaction PCR hoods
Personal computers
Personal digital assistant PDAs or organizers — Personal digital assistants PDA
pH meters — pH indicators
Picks — Rock picks
Plotter printers — Plotters
Plumb bobs
Pneumatic hammer — Pneumatic chisels
Pneumatic sanding machines — Sandblasters
Polarizing microscopes — Petrographic microscopes
Power saws — Precision saws; Thin section saws
Protective gloves
Pullers — Slide hammers
Radarbased surveillance systems — Ground penetrating radar GPR; Remote sensing equipment
Resistivity geophysical instruments — Electrical resistivity instruments
Robotic or automated liquid handling systems — Liquid handling robots
Rulers — Precision rulers
Scanners — Digitizers; Flatbed scanners; Laser scanners; Slide scanners
Scanning electron microscopes — Scanning electron microscopes SEM
Shovels — Flat-ended shovels; Round point shovels
Soil core sampling apparatus — Soil probes; Soil samplers
Sonars — Side scan sonars
Spectrofluorimeters or fluorimeters — Fluorometers; X ray fluorescence XRF spectrometers
Spectrometers — Portable gamma spectrometers
Spectrophotometers
Steam autoclaves or sterilizers — Steam autoclaves
Stereo or dissecting light microscopes — Stereo zoom microscopes
Still cameras — 35 millimeter cameras
Stirring hotplates — Hot stir plates
Tablet computers
Tape measures — Lufkin tape measures
Temperature cycling chambers or thermal cyclers — Polymerase chain reaction PCR thermocyclers; Thermal cyclers
Theodolites — Total stations
Thermostats — Immersion thermostats
Transilluminators — Ultraviolet UV transilluminators
Triple beam balances
Trowels — Marshalltown trowels; Plains trowels
Ultra pure water systems — Laboratory water purification systems
Ultracentrifuges
Ultrasonic cleaning equipment — Ultrasonic cleaning machines
Ultraviolet crosslinkers — Ultraviolet UV crosslinkers
Underwater cameras — Underwater digital cameras; Underwater still cameras
Vacuum ovens — Laboratory vacuum ovens
X ray diffraction equipment — X ray diffractometers
X ray radiography examination equipment — High resolution industrial computed tomography CT scanners; Industrial micro computed tomography CT scanners; Portable x ray machines; X ray cabinets

Knowledge Save Table (XLS/CSV)

Importance		Knowledge
96		Sociology and Anthropology — Knowledge of group behavior and dynamics, societal trends and influences, human migrations, ethnicity, cultures and their history and origins.
91		History and Archeology — Knowledge of historical events and their causes, indicators, and effects on civilizations and cultures.
85		English Language — Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition, and grammar.
69		Geography — Knowledge of principles and methods for describing the features of land, sea, and air masses, including their physical characteristics, locations, interrelationships, and distribution of plant, animal, and human life.
66		Education and Training — Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and training design, teaching and instruction for individuals and groups, and the measurement of training effects.
65		Foreign Language — Knowledge of the structure and content of a foreign (non-English) language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition and grammar, and pronunciation.
60		Computers and Electronics — Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and computer hardware and software, including applications and programming.
51		Mathematics — Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their applications.
49		Biology — Knowledge of plant and animal organisms, their tissues, cells, functions, interdependencies, and interactions with each other and the environment.
49		Communications and Media — Knowledge of media production, communication, and dissemination techniques and methods. This includes alternative ways to inform and entertain via written, oral, and visual media.
47		Philosophy and Theology — Knowledge of different philosophical systems and religions. This includes their basic principles, values, ethics, ways of thinking, customs, practices, and their impact on human culture.
46		Clerical — Knowledge of administrative and clerical procedures and systems such as word processing, managing files and records, stenography and transcription, designing forms, and other office procedures and terminology.
45		Administration and Management — Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, resource allocation, human resources modeling, leadership technique, production methods, and coordination of people and resources.
39		Law and Government — Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court procedures, precedents, government regulations, executive orders, agency rules, and the democratic political process.
38		Psychology — Knowledge of human behavior and performance; individual differences in ability, personality, and interests; learning and motivation; psychological research methods; and the assessment and treatment of behavioral and affective disorders.
36		Personnel and Human Resources — Knowledge of principles and procedures for personnel recruitment, selection, training, compensation and benefits, labor relations and negotiation, and personnel information systems.
29		Customer and Personal Service — Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal services. This includes customer needs assessment, meeting quality standards for services, and evaluation of customer satisfaction.
28		Economics and Accounting — Knowledge of economic and accounting principles and practices, the financial markets, banking and the analysis and reporting of financial data.
27		Design — Knowledge of design techniques, tools, and principles involved in production of precision technical plans, blueprints, drawings, and models.
24		Chemistry — Knowledge of the chemical composition, structure, and properties of substances and of the chemical processes and transformations that they undergo. This includes uses of chemicals and their interactions, danger signs, production techniques, and disposal methods.
22		Transportation — Knowledge of principles and methods for moving people or goods by air, rail, sea, or road, including the relative costs and benefits.
21		Fine Arts — Knowledge of the theory and techniques required to compose, produce, and perform works of music, dance, visual arts, drama, and sculpture.
21		Mechanical — Knowledge of machines and tools, including their designs, uses, repair, and maintenance.
21		Medicine and Dentistry — Knowledge of the information and techniques needed to diagnose and treat human injuries, diseases, and deformities. This includes symptoms, treatment alternatives, drug properties and interactions, and preventive health-care measures.
20		Engineering and Technology — Knowledge of the practical application of engineering science and technology. This includes applying principles, techniques, procedures, and equipment to the design and production of various goods and services.
20		Public Safety and Security — Knowledge of relevant equipment, policies, procedures, and strategies to promote effective local, state, or national security operations for the protection of people, data, property, and institutions.
18		Physics — Knowledge and prediction of physical principles, laws, their interrelationships, and applications to understanding fluid, material, and atmospheric dynamics, and mechanical, electrical, atomic and sub- atomic structures and processes.
17		Telecommunications — Knowledge of transmission, broadcasting, switching, control, and operation of telecommunications systems.
16		Sales and Marketing — Knowledge of principles and methods for showing, promoting, and selling products or services. This includes marketing strategy and tactics, product demonstration, sales techniques, and sales control systems.
12		Building and Construction — Knowledge of materials, methods, and the tools involved in the construction or repair of houses, buildings, or other structures such as highways and roads.
12		Production and Processing — Knowledge of raw materials, production processes, quality control, costs, and other techniques for maximizing the effective manufacture and distribution of goods.
11		Therapy and Counseling — Knowledge of principles, methods, and procedures for diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of physical and mental dysfunctions, and for career counseling and guidance.
5		Food Production — Knowledge of techniques and equipment for planting, growing, and harvesting food products (both plant and animal) for consumption, including storage/handling techniques.

Skills Save Table (XLS/CSV)

Importance		Skill
81		Writing — Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audience.
80		Reading Comprehension — Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work related documents.
77		Active Listening — Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand the points being made, asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times.
77		Speaking — Talking to others to convey information effectively.
75		Critical Thinking — Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclusions or approaches to problems.
74		Active Learning — Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future problem-solving and decision-making.
72		Science — Using scientific rules and methods to solve problems.
70		Complex Problem Solving — Identifying complex problems and reviewing related information to develop and evaluate options and implement solutions.
64		Judgment and Decision Making — Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the most appropriate one.
61		Social Perceptiveness — Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react as they do.
60		Coordination — Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions.
58		Learning Strategies — Selecting and using training/instructional methods and procedures appropriate for the situation when learning or teaching new things.
56		Instructing — Teaching others how to do something.
55		Systems Analysis — Determining how a system should work and how changes in conditions, operations, and the environment will affect outcomes.
53		Monitoring — Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organizations to make improvements or take corrective action.
52		Systems Evaluation — Identifying measures or indicators of system performance and the actions needed to improve or correct performance, relative to the goals of the system.
52		Time Management — Managing one's own time and the time of others.
50		Mathematics — Using mathematics to solve problems.
49		Management of Personnel Resources — Motivating, developing, and directing people as they work, identifying the best people for the job.
49		Persuasion — Persuading others to change their minds or behavior.
44		Service Orientation — Actively looking for ways to help people.
39		Negotiation — Bringing others together and trying to reconcile differences.
39		Operations Analysis — Analyzing needs and product requirements to create a design.
33		Management of Material Resources — Obtaining and seeing to the appropriate use of equipment, facilities, and materials needed to do certain work.
25		Management of Financial Resources — Determining how money will be spent to get the work done, and accounting for these expenditures.
22		Operation Monitoring — Watching gauges, dials, or other indicators to make sure a machine is working properly.
19		Programming — Writing computer programs for various purposes.
19		Technology Design — Generating or adapting equipment and technology to serve user needs.
17		Quality Control Analysis — Conducting tests and inspections of products, services, or processes to evaluate quality or performance.
11		Operation and Control — Controlling operations of equipment or systems.
5		Equipment Selection — Determining the kind of tools and equipment needed to do a job.
3		Troubleshooting — Determining causes of operating errors and deciding what to do about it.
0		Equipment Maintenance — Performing routine maintenance on equipment and determining when and what kind of maintenance is needed.
0		Installation — Installing equipment, machines, wiring, or programs to meet specifications.
0		Repairing — Repairing machines or systems using the needed tools.

Abilities Save Table (XLS/CSV)

Importance		Ability
83		Written Comprehension — The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.
81		Written Expression — The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will understand.
80		Oral Expression — The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will understand.
78		Inductive Reasoning — The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusions (includes finding a relationship among seemingly unrelated events).
77		Deductive Reasoning — The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that make sense.
77		Oral Comprehension — The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through spoken words and sentences.
75		Speech Clarity — The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you.
70		Information Ordering — The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according to a specific rule or set of rules (e.g., patterns of numbers, letters, words, pictures, mathematical operations).
70		Near Vision — The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).
67		Category Flexibility — The ability to generate or use different sets of rules for combining or grouping things in different ways.
67		Problem Sensitivity — The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does not involve solving the problem, only recognizing there is a problem.
67		Speech Recognition — The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person.
66		Fluency of Ideas — The ability to come up with a number of ideas about a topic (the number of ideas is important, not their quality, correctness, or creativity).
63		Flexibility of Closure — The ability to identify or detect a known pattern (a figure, object, word, or sound) that is hidden in other distracting material.
63		Originality — The ability to come up with unusual or clever ideas about a given topic or situation, or to develop creative ways to solve a problem.
56		Far Vision — The ability to see details at a distance.
50		Mathematical Reasoning — The ability to choose the right mathematical methods or formulas to solve a problem.
50		Speed of Closure — The ability to quickly make sense of, combine, and organize information into meaningful patterns.
49		Selective Attention — The ability to concentrate on a task over a period of time without being distracted.
47		Memorization — The ability to remember information such as words, numbers, pictures, and procedures.
47		Visualization — The ability to imagine how something will look after it is moved around or when its parts are moved or rearranged.
41		Number Facility — The ability to add, subtract, multiply, or divide quickly and correctly.
41		Visual Color Discrimination — The ability to match or detect differences between colors, including shades of color and brightness.
39		Perceptual Speed — The ability to quickly and accurately compare similarities and differences among sets of letters, numbers, objects, pictures, or patterns. The things to be compared may be presented at the same time or one after the other. This ability also includes comparing a presented object with a remembered object.
39		Time Sharing — The ability to shift back and forth between two or more activities or sources of information (such as speech, sounds, touch, or other sources).
36		Finger Dexterity — The ability to make precisely coordinated movements of the fingers of one or both hands to grasp, manipulate, or assemble very small objects.
31		Depth Perception — The ability to judge which of several objects is closer or farther away from you, or to judge the distance between you and an object.
28		Multilimb Coordination — The ability to coordinate two or more limbs (for example, two arms, two legs, or one leg and one arm) while sitting, standing, or lying down. It does not involve performing the activities while the whole body is in motion.
28		Trunk Strength — The ability to use your abdominal and lower back muscles to support part of the body repeatedly or continuously over time without 'giving out' or fatiguing.
24		Arm-Hand Steadiness — The ability to keep your hand and arm steady while moving your arm or while holding your arm and hand in one position.
24		Control Precision — The ability to quickly and repeatedly adjust the controls of a machine or a vehicle to exact positions.
24		Hearing Sensitivity — The ability to detect or tell the differences between sounds that vary in pitch and loudness.
24		Manual Dexterity — The ability to quickly move your hand, your hand together with your arm, or your two hands to grasp, manipulate, or assemble objects.
22		Auditory Attention — The ability to focus on a single source of sound in the presence of other distracting sounds.
20		Static Strength — The ability to exert maximum muscle force to lift, push, pull, or carry objects.
19		Extent Flexibility — The ability to bend, stretch, twist, or reach with your body, arms, and/or legs.
17		Gross Body Coordination — The ability to coordinate the movement of your arms, legs, and torso together when the whole body is in motion.
16		Stamina — The ability to exert yourself physically over long periods of time without getting winded or out of breath.
14		Dynamic Strength — The ability to exert muscle force repeatedly or continuously over time. This involves muscular endurance and resistance to muscle fatigue.
13		Glare Sensitivity — The ability to see objects in the presence of glare or bright lighting.
13		Gross Body Equilibrium — The ability to keep or regain your body balance or stay upright when in an unstable position.
11		Spatial Orientation — The ability to know your location in relation to the environment or to know where other objects are in relation to you.
6		Wrist-Finger Speed — The ability to make fast, simple, repeated movements of the fingers, hands, and wrists.
2		Night Vision — The ability to see under low light conditions.
2		Rate Control — The ability to time your movements or the movement of a piece of equipment in anticipation of changes in the speed and/or direction of a moving object or scene.
2		Reaction Time — The ability to quickly respond (with the hand, finger, or foot) to a signal (sound, light, picture) when it appears.
2		Response Orientation — The ability to choose quickly between two or more movements in response to two or more different signals (lights, sounds, pictures). It includes the speed with which the correct response is started with the hand, foot, or other body part.
0		Dynamic Flexibility — The ability to quickly and repeatedly bend, stretch, twist, or reach out with your body, arms, and/or legs.
0		Explosive Strength — The ability to use short bursts of muscle force to propel oneself (as in jumping or sprinting), or to throw an object.
0		Peripheral Vision — The ability to see objects or movement of objects to one's side when the eyes are looking ahead.
0		Sound Localization — The ability to tell the direction from which a sound originated.
0		Speed of Limb Movement — The ability to quickly move the arms and legs.

Work Activities Save Table (XLS/CSV)

Importance		Work Activity
94		Analyzing Data or Information — Identifying the underlying principles, reasons, or facts of information by breaking down information or data into separate parts.
93		Getting Information — Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sources.
90		Documenting/Recording Information — Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information in written or electronic/magnetic form.
90		Interpreting the Meaning of Information for Others — Translating or explaining what information means and how it can be used.
90		Processing Information — Compiling, coding, categorizing, calculating, tabulating, auditing, or verifying information or data.
89		Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events — Identifying information by categorizing, estimating, recognizing differences or similarities, and detecting changes in circumstances or events.
85		Interacting With Computers — Using computers and computer systems (including hardware and software) to program, write software, set up functions, enter data, or process information.
83		Thinking Creatively — Developing, designing, or creating new applications, ideas, relationships, systems, or products, including artistic contributions.
83		Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge — Keeping up-to-date technically and applying new knowledge to your job.
79		Making Decisions and Solving Problems — Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and solve problems.
78		Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates — Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone, in written form, e-mail, or in person.
78		Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships — Developing constructive and cooperative working relationships with others, and maintaining them over time.
78		Training and Teaching Others — Identifying the educational needs of others, developing formal educational or training programs or classes, and teaching or instructing others.
74		Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work — Developing specific goals and plans to prioritize, organize, and accomplish your work.
73		Communicating with Persons Outside Organization — Communicating with people outside the organization, representing the organization to customers, the public, government, and other external sources. This information can be exchanged in person, in writing, or by telephone or e-mail.
70		Developing Objectives and Strategies — Establishing long-range objectives and specifying the strategies and actions to achieve them.
64		Judging the Qualities of Things, Services, or People — Assessing the value, importance, or quality of things or people.
63		Scheduling Work and Activities — Scheduling events, programs, and activities, as well as the work of others.
61		Coordinating the Work and Activities of Others — Getting members of a group to work together to accomplish tasks.
61		Monitor Processes, Materials, or Surroundings — Monitoring and reviewing information from materials, events, or the environment, to detect or assess problems.
60		Estimating the Quantifiable Characteristics of Products, Events, or Information — Estimating sizes, distances, and quantities; or determining time, costs, resources, or materials needed to perform a work activity.
59		Developing and Building Teams — Encouraging and building mutual trust, respect, and cooperation among team members.
58		Coaching and Developing Others — Identifying the developmental needs of others and coaching, mentoring, or otherwise helping others to improve their knowledge or skills.
58		Guiding, Directing, and Motivating Subordinates — Providing guidance and direction to subordinates, including setting performance standards and monitoring performance.
57		Performing Administrative Activities — Performing day-to-day administrative tasks such as maintaining information files and processing paperwork.
55		Provide Consultation and Advice to Others — Providing guidance and expert advice to management or other groups on technical, systems-, or process-related topics.
51		Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards — Using relevant information and individual judgment to determine whether events or processes comply with laws, regulations, or standards.
50		Performing for or Working Directly with the Public — Performing for people or dealing directly with the public. This includes serving customers in restaurants and stores, and receiving clients or guests.
49		Monitoring and Controlling Resources — Monitoring and controlling resources and overseeing the spending of money.
46		Resolving Conflicts and Negotiating with Others — Handling complaints, settling disputes, and resolving grievances and conflicts, or otherwise negotiating with others.
44		Handling and Moving Objects — Using hands and arms in handling, installing, positioning, and moving materials, and manipulating things.
44		Performing General Physical Activities — Performing physical activities that require considerable use of your arms and legs and moving your whole body, such as climbing, lifting, balancing, walking, stooping, and handling of materials.
41		Staffing Organizational Units — Recruiting, interviewing, selecting, hiring, and promoting employees in an organization.
34		Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Material — Inspecting equipment, structures, or materials to identify the cause of errors or other problems or defects.
31		Assisting and Caring for Others — Providing personal assistance, medical attention, emotional support, or other personal care to others such as coworkers, customers, or patients.
26		Selling or Influencing Others — Convincing others to buy merchandise/goods or to otherwise change their minds or actions.
25		Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment — Running, maneuvering, navigating, or driving vehicles or mechanized equipment, such as forklifts, passenger vehicles, aircraft, or water craft.
24		Drafting, Laying Out, and Specifying Technical Devices, Parts, and Equipment — Providing documentation, detailed instructions, drawings, or specifications to tell others about how devices, parts, equipment, or structures are to be fabricated, constructed, assembled, modified, maintained, or used.
22		Controlling Machines and Processes — Using either control mechanisms or direct physical activity to operate machines or processes (not including computers or vehicles).
17		Repairing and Maintaining Electronic Equipment — Servicing, repairing, calibrating, regulating, fine-tuning, or testing machines, devices, and equipment that operate primarily on the basis of electrical or electronic (not mechanical) principles.
14		Repairing and Maintaining Mechanical Equipment — Servicing, repairing, adjusting, and testing machines, devices, moving parts, and equipment that operate primarily on the basis of mechanical (not electronic) principles.

Detailed Work Activities Save Table (XLS/CSV)

Conduct anthropological or archaeological research.
Collect information from people through observation, interviews, or surveys.
Prepare scientific or technical reports or presentations.
Evaluate characteristics of archival or historical objects.
Direct scientific activities.
Plan social sciences research.
Advise others about environmental management or conservation.
Inspect condition of natural environments.
Record research or operational data.
Collect biological specimens.
Mark materials or objects for identification.
Package materials or products.
Conduct research on social issues.
Collect archival data.
Train personnel in technical or scientific procedures.
Advise others on matters of public policy.
Design psychological or educational treatment procedures or programs.
Document events or evidence, using photographic or audiovisual equipment.
Collaborate with technical specialists to resolve design or development problems.
Communicate with government agencies.
Clean objects.
Conduct scientific research of organizational behavior or processes.
Plan community programs or activities for the general public.
Develop theories or models of social phenomena.
Conduct historical research.
Apply knowledge or research findings to address environmental problems.
Advise others on educational matters.
Analyze forensic evidence to solve crimes.
Instruct college students in social sciences or humanities disciplines.
Write grant proposals.

Find occupations related to multiple detailed work activities

Work Context Save Table (XLS/CSV)

Context		Work Context
99		Electronic Mail — How often do you use electronic mail in this job?
89		Face-to-Face Discussions — How often do you have to have face-to-face discussions with individuals or teams in this job?
84		Freedom to Make Decisions — How much decision making freedom, without supervision, does the job offer?
81		Structured versus Unstructured Work — To what extent is this job structured for the worker, rather than allowing the worker to determine tasks, priorities, and goals?
79		Telephone — How often do you have telephone conversations in this job?
78		Contact With Others — How much does this job require the worker to be in contact with others (face-to-face, by telephone, or otherwise) in order to perform it?
77		Importance of Being Exact or Accurate — How important is being very exact or highly accurate in performing this job?
71		Work With Work Group or Team — How important is it to work with others in a group or team in this job?
67		Indoors, Environmentally Controlled — How often does this job require working indoors in environmentally controlled conditions?
65		Level of Competition — To what extent does this job require the worker to compete or to be aware of competitive pressures?
64		Letters and Memos — How often does the job require written letters and memos?
62		Spend Time Sitting — How much does this job require sitting?
59		Physical Proximity — To what extent does this job require the worker to perform job tasks in close physical proximity to other people?
58		Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results — What results do your decisions usually have on other people or the image or reputation or financial resources of your employer?
56		Time Pressure — How often does this job require the worker to meet strict deadlines?
55		Coordinate or Lead Others — How important is it to coordinate or lead others in accomplishing work activities in this job?
55		Public Speaking — How often do you have to perform public speaking in this job?
52		Deal With External Customers — How important is it to work with external customers or the public in this job?
51		Responsibility for Outcomes and Results — How responsible is the worker for work outcomes and results of other workers?
45		Outdoors, Exposed to Weather — How often does this job require working outdoors, exposed to all weather conditions?
44		Frequency of Decision Making — How frequently is the worker required to make decisions that affect other people, the financial resources, and/or the image and reputation of the organization?
43		Indoors, Not Environmentally Controlled — How often does this job require working indoors in non-controlled environmental conditions (e.g., warehouse without heat)?
43		Responsible for Others' Health and Safety — How much responsibility is there for the health and safety of others in this job?
42		Importance of Repeating Same Tasks — How important is repeating the same physical activities (e.g., key entry) or mental activities (e.g., checking entries in a ledger) over and over, without stopping, to performing this job?
40		Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls — How much does this job require using your hands to handle, control, or feel objects, tools or controls?
39		Outdoors, Under Cover — How often does this job require working outdoors, under cover (e.g., structure with roof but no walls)?
39		Very Hot or Cold Temperatures — How often does this job require working in very hot (above 90 F degrees) or very cold (below 32 F degrees) temperatures?
37		Spend Time Standing — How much does this job require standing?
36		Frequency of Conflict Situations — How often are there conflict situations the employee has to face in this job?
34		Consequence of Error — How serious would the result usually be if the worker made a mistake that was not readily correctable?
33		Exposed to Minor Burns, Cuts, Bites, or Stings — How often does this job require exposure to minor burns, cuts, bites, or stings?
31		Cramped Work Space, Awkward Positions — How often does this job require working in cramped work spaces that requires getting into awkward positions?
31		In an Enclosed Vehicle or Equipment — How often does this job require working in a closed vehicle or equipment (e.g., car)?
30		Extremely Bright or Inadequate Lighting — How often does this job require working in extremely bright or inadequate lighting conditions?
30		Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions — How much does this job require making repetitive motions?
29		Deal With Unpleasant or Angry People — How frequently does the worker have to deal with unpleasant, angry, or discourteous individuals as part of the job requirements?
27		Exposed to Contaminants — How often does this job require working exposed to contaminants (such as pollutants, gases, dust or odors)?
27		Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets — How much does this job require wearing common protective or safety equipment such as safety shoes, glasses, gloves, hard hats or life jackets?
26		Spend Time Kneeling, Crouching, Stooping, or Crawling — How much does this job require kneeling, crouching, stooping or crawling?
24		Sounds, Noise Levels Are Distracting or Uncomfortable — How often does this job require working exposed to sounds and noise levels that are distracting or uncomfortable?
24		Spend Time Bending or Twisting the Body — How much does this job require bending or twisting your body?
24		Spend Time Walking and Running — How much does this job require walking and running?
17		In an Open Vehicle or Equipment — How often does this job require working in an open vehicle or equipment (e.g., tractor)?
16		Exposed to Hazardous Equipment — How often does this job require exposure to hazardous equipment?
14		Exposed to Disease or Infections — How often does this job require exposure to disease/infections?
12		Exposed to High Places — How often does this job require exposure to high places?
11		Exposed to Hazardous Conditions — How often does this job require exposure to hazardous conditions?
9		Spend Time Climbing Ladders, Scaffolds, or Poles — How much does this job require climbing ladders, scaffolds, or poles?
9		Spend Time Keeping or Regaining Balance — How much does this job require keeping or regaining your balance?
8		Deal With Physically Aggressive People — How frequently does this job require the worker to deal with physical aggression of violent individuals?
8		Wear Specialized Protective or Safety Equipment such as Breathing Apparatus, Safety Harness, Full Protection Suits, or Radiation Protection — How much does this job require wearing specialized protective or safety equipment such as breathing apparatus, safety harness, full protection suits, or radiation protection?
6		Degree of Automation — How automated is the job?
5		Exposed to Whole Body Vibration — How often does this job require exposure to whole body vibration (e.g., operate a jackhammer)?
3		Exposed to Radiation — How often does this job require exposure to radiation?
2		Pace Determined by Speed of Equipment — How important is it to this job that the pace is determined by the speed of equipment or machinery? (This does not refer to keeping busy at all times on this job.)

Job Zone Save Table (XLS/CSV)

Title	Job Zone Five: Extensive Preparation Needed
Education	Most of these occupations require graduate school. For example, they may require a master's degree, and some require a Ph.D., M.D., or J.D. (law degree).
Related Experience	Extensive skill, knowledge, and experience are needed for these occupations. Many require more than five years of experience. For example, surgeons must complete four years of college and an additional five to seven years of specialized medical training to be able to do their job.
Job Training	Employees may need some on-the-job training, but most of these occupations assume that the person will already have the required skills, knowledge, work-related experience, and/or training.
Job Zone Examples	These occupations often involve coordinating, training, supervising, or managing the activities of others to accomplish goals. Very advanced communication and organizational skills are required. Examples include pharmacists, lawyers, astronomers, biologists, clergy, neurologists, and veterinarians.
SVP Range	(8.0 and above)

Credentials

Interests Save Table (XLS/CSV)

Occupational Interest		Interest
97		Investigative — Investigative occupations frequently involve working with ideas, and require an extensive amount of thinking. These occupations can involve searching for facts and figuring out problems mentally.
67		Artistic — Artistic occupations frequently involve working with forms, designs and patterns. They often require self-expression and the work can be done without following a clear set of rules.
50		Realistic — Realistic occupations frequently involve work activities that include practical, hands-on problems and solutions. They often deal with plants, animals, and real-world materials like wood, tools, and machinery. Many of the occupations require working outside, and do not involve a lot of paperwork or working closely with others.
42		Conventional — Conventional occupations frequently involve following set procedures and routines. These occupations can include working with data and details more than with ideas. Usually there is a clear line of authority to follow.
31		Social — Social occupations frequently involve working with, communicating with, and teaching people. These occupations often involve helping or providing service to others.
22		Enterprising — Enterprising occupations frequently involve starting up and carrying out projects. These occupations can involve leading people and making many decisions. Sometimes they require risk taking and often deal with business.

Work Styles Save Table (XLS/CSV)

Importance		Work Style
90		Analytical Thinking — Job requires analyzing information and using logic to address work-related issues and problems.
89		Integrity — Job requires being honest and ethical.
88		Attention to Detail — Job requires being careful about detail and thorough in completing work tasks.
86		Persistence — Job requires persistence in the face of obstacles.
82		Adaptability/Flexibility — Job requires being open to change (positive or negative) and to considerable variety in the workplace.
82		Initiative — Job requires a willingness to take on responsibilities and challenges.
81		Achievement/Effort — Job requires establishing and maintaining personally challenging achievement goals and exerting effort toward mastering tasks.
81		Dependability — Job requires being reliable, responsible, and dependable, and fulfilling obligations.
79		Cooperation — Job requires being pleasant with others on the job and displaying a good-natured, cooperative attitude.
74		Independence — Job requires developing one's own ways of doing things, guiding oneself with little or no supervision, and depending on oneself to get things done.
69		Stress Tolerance — Job requires accepting criticism and dealing calmly and effectively with high stress situations.
68		Innovation — Job requires creativity and alternative thinking to develop new ideas for and answers to work-related problems.
68		Self Control — Job requires maintaining composure, keeping emotions in check, controlling anger, and avoiding aggressive behavior, even in very difficult situations.
66		Concern for Others — Job requires being sensitive to others' needs and feelings and being understanding and helpful on the job.
64		Social Orientation — Job requires preferring to work with others rather than alone, and being personally connected with others on the job.
62		Leadership — Job requires a willingness to lead, take charge, and offer opinions and direction.

Work Values Save Table (XLS/CSV)

Extent		Work Value
81		Achievement — Occupations that satisfy this work value are results oriented and allow employees to use their strongest abilities, giving them a feeling of accomplishment. Corresponding needs are Ability Utilization and Achievement.
75		Independence — Occupations that satisfy this work value allow employees to work on their own and make decisions. Corresponding needs are Creativity, Responsibility and Autonomy.
70		Recognition — Occupations that satisfy this work value offer advancement, potential for leadership, and are often considered prestigious. Corresponding needs are Advancement, Authority, Recognition and Social Status.
70		Working Conditions — Occupations that satisfy this work value offer job security and good working conditions. Corresponding needs are Activity, Compensation, Independence, Security, Variety and Working Conditions.
61		Relationships — Occupations that satisfy this work value allow employees to provide service to others and work with co-workers in a friendly non-competitive environment. Corresponding needs are Co-workers, Moral Values and Social Service.
33		Support — Occupations that satisfy this work value offer supportive management that stands behind employees. Corresponding needs are Company Policies, Supervision: Human Relations and Supervision: Technical.

Related Occupations Save Table (XLS/CSV)

19-3041.00	Sociologists
19-3092.00	Geographers
25-1042.00	Biological Science Teachers, Postsecondary
25-1061.00	Anthropology and Archeology Teachers, Postsecondary
25-1062.00	Area, Ethnic, and Cultural Studies Teachers, Postsecondary
25-1064.00	Geography Teachers, Postsecondary
25-1067.00	Sociology Teachers, Postsecondary
25-4011.00	Archivists
25-4012.00	Curators Bright Outlook
25-4022.00	Librarians and Media Collections Specialists

Wages & Employment Trends

Median wages (2019)	$30.61 hourly, $63,670 annual
State wages
Local wages	ZIP Code:

Employment (2019)	8,000 employees
Projected growth (2019-2029)	Faster than average (5% to 7%)
Projected job openings (2019-2029)	800
State trends

Top industries (2019)	Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services (55% employed in this sector) Government (26%) (see all industries)

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics 2019 wage data and 2019-2029 employment projections . "Projected growth" represents the estimated change in total employment over the projections period (2019-2029). "Projected job openings" represent openings due to growth and replacement.

Job Openings on the Web

Sources of Additional Information

Disclaimer: Sources are listed to provide additional information on related jobs, specialties, and/or industries. Links to non-DOL Internet sites are provided for your convenience and do not constitute an endorsement.