Surveying and Mapping Technicians
17-3031.00

The occupation code you requested, 17-3031.01 (Surveying Technicians), is no longer in use. In the future, please use 17-3031.00 (Surveying and Mapping Technicians) instead.

A subset of this occupation's profile is available. Data collection is currently underway to populate other parts of the profile.

Perform surveying and mapping duties, usually under the direction of an engineer, surveyor, cartographer, or photogrammetrist, to obtain data used for construction, mapmaking, boundary location, mining, or other purposes. May calculate mapmaking information and create maps from source data, such as surveying notes, aerial photography, satellite data, or other maps to show topographical features, political boundaries, and other features. May verify accuracy and completeness of maps.

Sample of reported job titles: Aerotriangulation Specialist, Geospatial Analyst, Mapping Editor, Mapping Technician, Photogrammetric Compilation Specialist, Photogrammetric Technician, Stereoplotter Operator, Survey Technician, Tax Map Technician

Occupation-Specific Information

Tasks Save Table: XLSX CSV

ImportanceCategoryTask
82
 
Core
Position and hold the vertical rods, or targets, that theodolite operators use for sighting to measure angles, distances, and elevations.
82
 
Core
Check all layers of maps to ensure accuracy, identifying and marking errors and making corrections.
80
 
Core
Design or develop information databases that include geographic or topographic data.
79
 
Core
Monitor mapping work or the updating of maps to ensure accuracy, inclusion of new or changed information, or compliance with rules and regulations.
78
 
Core
Produce or update overlay maps to show information boundaries, water locations, or topographic features on various base maps or at different scales.
77
 
Core
Determine scales, line sizes, or colors to be used for hard copies of computerized maps, using plotters.
76
 
Core
Compile information necessary to stake projects for construction, using engineering plans.
76
 
Core
Identify and compile database information to create requested maps.
75
 
Core
Operate and manage land-information computer systems, performing tasks such as storing data, making inquiries, and producing plots and reports.
74
 
Core
Compare survey computations with applicable standards to determine adequacy of data.
72
 
Core
Analyze aerial photographs to detect and interpret significant military, industrial, resource, or topographical data.
69
 
Core
Research and combine existing property information to describe property boundaries in relation to adjacent properties, taking into account parcel splits, combinations, or land boundary adjustments.
67
 
Core
Calculate latitudes, longitudes, angles, areas, or other information for mapmaking, using survey field notes or reference tables.
67
 
Core
Compare topographical features or contour lines with images from aerial photographs, old maps, or other reference materials to verify the accuracy of their identification.
67
 
Core
Trace contours or topographic details to generate maps that denote specific land or property locations or geographic attributes.
63
 
Core
Provide assistance in the development of methods and procedures for conducting field surveys.
62
 
Core
Trim, align, and join prints to form photographic mosaics, maintaining scaled distances between reference points.
71
 
Supplemental
Answer questions and provide information to the public or to staff members regarding assessment maps, surveys, boundaries, easements, property ownership, roads, zoning, or similar matters.
61
 
Supplemental
Complete detailed source and method notes describing the location of routine or complex land parcels.
Not availableNot available
Adjust and operate surveying instruments such as prisms, theodolites, electronic distance measuring equipment, or electronic data collectors.
Not availableNot available
Collect information needed to carry out new surveys, using source maps, previous survey data, photographs, computer records, or other relevant information.
Not availableNot available
Conduct surveys to ascertain the locations of natural features and man-made structures on the Earth's surface, underground, and underwater, using electronic distance-measuring equipment, such as GPS, and other surveying instruments.
Not availableNot available
Enter Global Positioning System (GPS) data, legal deeds, field notes, or land survey reports into geographic information system (GIS) workstations so that information can be transformed into graphic land descriptions, such as maps and drawings.
Not availableNot available
Perform calculations to determine earth curvature corrections, atmospheric impacts on measurements, traverse closures or adjustments, azimuths, level runs, or placement of markers.
Not availableNot available
Prepare cost estimates for mapping projects.
Not availableNot available
Prepare topographic or contour maps of land surveyed, including site features and other relevant information, such as charts, drawings, and survey notes.
Not availableNot available
Record survey measurements or descriptive data, using notes, drawings, sketches, or inked tracings.
Not availableNot available
Search for section corners, property irons, or survey points.
Not availableNot available
Set out and recover stakes, marks, or other monumentation.
Not availableNot available
Supervise or coordinate activities of workers engaged in surveying, plotting data, drafting maps, or producing blueprints, photostats, or photographs.

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Technology Skills Save Table: XLSX CSV

  • Analytical or scientific software — Coordinate geometry COGO software; Modeling software; Tripod Data Systems software; Triton Elics International Isis; 14 more
  • Categorization or classification software — PCI Geomatics eCognition
  • Cloud-based data access and sharing software — Microsoft SharePoint Hot technology
  • Computer aided design CAD software — Autodesk AutoCAD In-Demand Hot technology ; Autodesk AutoCAD Civil 3D Hot technology ; Bentley MicroStation Hot technology ; Computer aided design and drafting software CADD; 14 more
  • Data base reporting software — MicroSurvey Star*Net
  • Data base user interface and query software — Database software; Microsoft Access Hot technology ; Structured query language SQL In-Demand Hot technology
  • Desktop publishing software — QuarkXPress
  • Development environment software — Microsoft Visual Basic Hot technology ; Microsoft Visual Basic for Applications VBA Hot technology ; Microsoft Visual Basic Scripting Edition VBScript; Software libraries
  • Electronic mail software — Email software; Microsoft Exchange; Microsoft Outlook Hot technology
  • Geographic information system — ESRI ArcGIS software In-Demand Hot technology ; ESRI Personal Geodatabase; Geographic information system GIS software; Geographic information system GIS systems In Demand ; 13 more
  • Graphics or photo imaging software — Adobe Illustrator Hot technology ; Adobe Photoshop Hot technology ; Bentley GeoPak Bridge; Graphics software; 1 more
  • Internet browser software — Web browser software
  • Map creation software — Leica Geosystems ERDAS IMAGINE; Mapping software; TELEDYNE CARIS; Tripod Data Systems COGO; 14 more
  • Mobile location based services software — Global positioning system GPS software
  • Object or component oriented development software — Python In-Demand Hot technology
  • Office suite software — Microsoft Office software In-Demand Hot technology
  • Presentation software — Microsoft PowerPoint Hot technology
  • Process mapping and design software — Microsoft Visio Hot technology
  • Project management software
  • Spreadsheet software — Microsoft Excel In-Demand Hot technology
  • Web platform development software — Hypertext markup language HTML Hot technology ; JavaScript Hot technology
  • Word processing software — Adobe Acrobat Writer; Microsoft Word Hot technology
Hot technology
Hot Technologies are requirements most frequently included across all employer job postings.
In demand
In Demand skills are frequently included in employer job postings for this occupation.

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Tools Used Save Table: XLSX CSV

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Occupational Requirements

Work Activities Save Table: XLSX CSV

ImportanceWork Activity
88
 
Working with Computers — Using computers and computer systems (including hardware and software) to program, write software, set up functions, enter data, or process information.
79
 
Documenting/Recording Information — Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information in written or electronic/magnetic form.
79
 
Getting Information — Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sources.
70
 
Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates — Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone, in written form, e-mail, or in person.
68
 
Analyzing Data or Information — Identifying the underlying principles, reasons, or facts of information by breaking down information or data into separate parts.
68
 
Processing Information — Compiling, coding, categorizing, calculating, tabulating, auditing, or verifying information or data.
67
 
Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge — Keeping up-to-date technically and applying new knowledge to your job.
66
 
Making Decisions and Solving Problems — Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and solve problems.
63
 
Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards — Using relevant information and individual judgment to determine whether events or processes comply with laws, regulations, or standards.
61
 
Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events — Identifying information by categorizing, estimating, recognizing differences or similarities, and detecting changes in circumstances or events.
61
 
Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work — Developing specific goals and plans to prioritize, organize, and accomplish your work.
58
 
Drafting, Laying Out, and Specifying Technical Devices, Parts, and Equipment — Providing documentation, detailed instructions, drawings, or specifications to tell others about how devices, parts, equipment, or structures are to be fabricated, constructed, assembled, modified, maintained, or used.
56
 
Interpreting the Meaning of Information for Others — Translating or explaining what information means and how it can be used.
52
 
Communicating with People Outside the Organization — Communicating with people outside the organization, representing the organization to customers, the public, government, and other external sources. This information can be exchanged in person, in writing, or by telephone or e-mail.
52
 
Scheduling Work and Activities — Scheduling events, programs, and activities, as well as the work of others.
49
 
Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships — Developing constructive and cooperative working relationships with others, and maintaining them over time.
48
 
Training and Teaching Others — Identifying the educational needs of others, developing formal educational or training programs or classes, and teaching or instructing others.
47
 
Controlling Machines and Processes — Using either control mechanisms or direct physical activity to operate machines or processes (not including computers or vehicles).
47
 
Coordinating the Work and Activities of Others — Getting members of a group to work together to accomplish tasks.
47
 
Estimating the Quantifiable Characteristics of Products, Events, or Information — Estimating sizes, distances, and quantities; or determining time, costs, resources, or materials needed to perform a work activity.
47
 
Performing General Physical Activities — Performing physical activities that require considerable use of your arms and legs and moving your whole body, such as climbing, lifting, balancing, walking, stooping, and handling materials.
46
 
Thinking Creatively — Developing, designing, or creating new applications, ideas, relationships, systems, or products, including artistic contributions.
42
 
Judging the Qualities of Objects, Services, or People — Assessing the value, importance, or quality of things or people.
42
 
Monitoring Processes, Materials, or Surroundings — Monitoring and reviewing information from materials, events, or the environment, to detect or assess problems.
41
 
Developing Objectives and Strategies — Establishing long-range objectives and specifying the strategies and actions to achieve them.
41
 
Performing Administrative Activities — Performing day-to-day administrative tasks such as maintaining information files and processing paperwork.
41
 
Providing Consultation and Advice to Others — Providing guidance and expert advice to management or other groups on technical, systems-, or process-related topics.
38
 
Coaching and Developing Others — Identifying the developmental needs of others and coaching, mentoring, or otherwise helping others to improve their knowledge or skills.
38
 
Developing and Building Teams — Encouraging and building mutual trust, respect, and cooperation among team members.
38
 
Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Materials — Inspecting equipment, structures, or materials to identify the cause of errors or other problems or defects.
38
 
Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment — Running, maneuvering, navigating, or driving vehicles or mechanized equipment, such as forklifts, passenger vehicles, aircraft, or watercraft.
37
 
Guiding, Directing, and Motivating Subordinates — Providing guidance and direction to subordinates, including setting performance standards and monitoring performance.
36
 
Repairing and Maintaining Electronic Equipment — Servicing, repairing, calibrating, regulating, fine-tuning, or testing machines, devices, and equipment that operate primarily on the basis of electrical or electronic (not mechanical) principles.
33
 
Handling and Moving Objects — Using hands and arms in handling, installing, positioning, and moving materials, and manipulating things.
33
 
Resolving Conflicts and Negotiating with Others — Handling complaints, settling disputes, and resolving grievances and conflicts, or otherwise negotiating with others.
28
 
Monitoring and Controlling Resources — Monitoring and controlling resources and overseeing the spending of money.
26
 
Performing for or Working Directly with the Public — Performing for people or dealing directly with the public. This includes serving customers in restaurants and stores, and receiving clients or guests.
26
 
Repairing and Maintaining Mechanical Equipment — Servicing, repairing, adjusting, and testing machines, devices, moving parts, and equipment that operate primarily on the basis of mechanical (not electronic) principles.
23
 
Assisting and Caring for Others — Providing personal assistance, medical attention, emotional support, or other personal care to others such as coworkers, customers, or patients.
19
 
Selling or Influencing Others — Convincing others to buy merchandise/goods or to otherwise change their minds or actions.
16
 
Staffing Organizational Units — Recruiting, interviewing, selecting, hiring, and promoting employees in an organization.

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Detailed Work Activities Save Table: XLSX CSV

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Work Context Save Table: XLSX CSV

ContextWork Context
94
 
Electronic Mail — How often do you use electronic mail in this job?
90
 
Importance of Being Exact or Accurate — How important is being very exact or highly accurate in performing this job?
89
 
Face-to-Face Discussions — How often do you have to have face-to-face discussions with individuals or teams in this job?
83
 
Freedom to Make Decisions — How much decision making freedom, without supervision, does the job offer?
83
 
Telephone — How often do you have telephone conversations in this job?
76
 
Contact With Others — How much does this job require the worker to be in contact with others (face-to-face, by telephone, or otherwise) in order to perform it?
72
 
Structured versus Unstructured Work — To what extent is this job structured for the worker, rather than allowing the worker to determine tasks, priorities, and goals?
71
 
Importance of Repeating Same Tasks — How important is repeating the same physical activities (e.g., key entry) or mental activities (e.g., checking entries in a ledger) over and over, without stopping, to performing this job?
71
 
Indoors, Environmentally Controlled — How often does this job require working indoors in environmentally controlled conditions?
71
 
Work With Work Group or Team — How important is it to work with others in a group or team in this job?
69
 
Frequency of Decision Making — How frequently is the worker required to make decisions that affect other people, the financial resources, and/or the image and reputation of the organization?
68
 
Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls — How much does this job require using your hands to handle, control, or feel objects, tools or controls?
68
 
Time Pressure — How often does this job require the worker to meet strict deadlines?
67
 
Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions — How much does this job require making repetitive motions?
65
 
Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results — What results do your decisions usually have on other people or the image or reputation or financial resources of your employer?
60
 
Letters and Memos — How often does the job require written letters and memos?
58
 
Outdoors, Exposed to Weather — How often does this job require working outdoors, exposed to all weather conditions?
57
 
Spend Time Sitting — How much does this job require sitting?
55
 
Responsibility for Outcomes and Results — How responsible is the worker for work outcomes and results of other workers?
53
 
Physical Proximity — To what extent does this job require the worker to perform job tasks in close physical proximity to other people?
51
 
Coordinate or Lead Others — How important is it to coordinate or lead others in accomplishing work activities in this job?
50
 
Level of Competition — To what extent does this job require the worker to compete or to be aware of competitive pressures?
49
 
Deal With External Customers — How important is it to work with external customers or the public in this job?
49
 
Sounds, Noise Levels Are Distracting or Uncomfortable — How often does this job require working exposed to sounds and noise levels that are distracting or uncomfortable?
48
 
Spend Time Standing — How much does this job require standing?
47
 
In an Enclosed Vehicle or Equipment — How often does this job require working in a closed vehicle or equipment (e.g., car)?
47
 
Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets — How much does this job require wearing common protective or safety equipment such as safety shoes, glasses, gloves, hard hats or life jackets?
45
 
Very Hot or Cold Temperatures — How often does this job require working in very hot (above 90 F degrees) or very cold (below 32 F degrees) temperatures?
44
 
Consequence of Error — How serious would the result usually be if the worker made a mistake that was not readily correctable?
44
 
Responsible for Others' Health and Safety — How much responsibility is there for the health and safety of others in this job?
42
 
Spend Time Walking and Running — How much does this job require walking and running?
40
 
Degree of Automation — How automated is the job?
40
 
Extremely Bright or Inadequate Lighting — How often does this job require working in extremely bright or inadequate lighting conditions?
38
 
Exposed to Hazardous Equipment — How often does this job require exposure to hazardous equipment?
35
 
Exposed to Minor Burns, Cuts, Bites, or Stings — How often does this job require exposure to minor burns, cuts, bites, or stings?
35
 
Frequency of Conflict Situations — How often are there conflict situations the employee has to face in this job?
33
 
Indoors, Not Environmentally Controlled — How often does this job require working indoors in non-controlled environmental conditions (e.g., warehouse without heat)?
32
 
Deal With Unpleasant or Angry People — How frequently does the worker have to deal with unpleasant, angry, or discourteous individuals as part of the job requirements?
27
 
Spend Time Bending or Twisting the Body — How much does this job require bending or twisting your body?
26
 
Exposed to Contaminants — How often does this job require working exposed to contaminants (such as pollutants, gases, dust or odors)?
22
 
Spend Time Kneeling, Crouching, Stooping, or Crawling — How much does this job require kneeling, crouching, stooping or crawling?
21
 
Cramped Work Space, Awkward Positions — How often does this job require working in cramped work spaces that requires getting into awkward positions?
21
 
Pace Determined by Speed of Equipment — How important is it to this job that the pace is determined by the speed of equipment or machinery? (This does not refer to keeping busy at all times on this job.)
21
 
Public Speaking — How often do you have to perform public speaking in this job?
19
 
Outdoors, Under Cover — How often does this job require working outdoors, under cover (e.g., structure with roof but no walls)?
16
 
Exposed to High Places — How often does this job require exposure to high places?
15
 
Spend Time Keeping or Regaining Balance — How much does this job require keeping or regaining your balance?
12
 
In an Open Vehicle or Equipment — How often does this job require working in an open vehicle or equipment (e.g., tractor)?
11
 
Deal With Physically Aggressive People — How frequently does this job require the worker to deal with physical aggression of violent individuals?
11
 
Exposed to Hazardous Conditions — How often does this job require exposure to hazardous conditions?
9
 
Wear Specialized Protective or Safety Equipment such as Breathing Apparatus, Safety Harness, Full Protection Suits, or Radiation Protection — How much does this job require wearing specialized protective or safety equipment such as breathing apparatus, safety harness, full protection suits, or radiation protection?
8
 
Exposed to Whole Body Vibration — How often does this job require exposure to whole body vibration (e.g., operate a jackhammer)?
7
 
Spend Time Climbing Ladders, Scaffolds, or Poles — How much does this job require climbing ladders, scaffolds, or poles?
6
 
Exposed to Disease or Infections — How often does this job require exposure to disease/infections?
2
 
Exposed to Radiation — How often does this job require exposure to radiation?

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Experience Requirements

Job Zone Save Table: XLSX CSV

Title
Job Zone Three: Medium Preparation Needed
Education
Most occupations in this zone require training in vocational schools, related on-the-job experience, or an associate's degree.
Related Experience
Previous work-related skill, knowledge, or experience is required for these occupations. For example, an electrician must have completed three or four years of apprenticeship or several years of vocational training, and often must have passed a licensing exam, in order to perform the job.
Job Training
Employees in these occupations usually need one or two years of training involving both on-the-job experience and informal training with experienced workers. A recognized apprenticeship program may be associated with these occupations.
Job Zone Examples
These occupations usually involve using communication and organizational skills to coordinate, supervise, manage, or train others to accomplish goals. Examples include hydroelectric production managers, desktop publishers, electricians, agricultural technicians, barbers, court reporters and simultaneous captioners, and medical assistants.
SVP Range
(6.0 to < 7.0)

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Training & Credentials

State training
Local training
Certifications

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Apprenticeship Opportunities

Example apprenticeship titles for this occupation:

  • Chief of Party (Prof & Kin)
  • Geodetic Computator
  • Photogrammetric Technician
  • Surveyor Assistant Instrument

Specific title(s) listed above are vetted by industry and approved by the U.S. Department of Labor for use in a Registered Apprenticeship Program.

Start your career and build your skillset. Visit Apprenticeship.gov external site to learn about opportunities related to this occupation.

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Worker Requirements

Skills Save Table: XLSX CSV

ImportanceSkill
72
 
Reading Comprehension — Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work-related documents.
60
 
Critical Thinking — Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclusions, or approaches to problems.
56
 
Mathematics — Using mathematics to solve problems.
56
 
Writing — Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audience.
53
 
Active Listening — Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand the points being made, asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times.
53
 
Complex Problem Solving — Identifying complex problems and reviewing related information to develop and evaluate options and implement solutions.
53
 
Monitoring — Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organizations to make improvements or take corrective action.
53
 
Speaking — Talking to others to convey information effectively.
50
 
Active Learning — Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future problem-solving and decision-making.
50
 
Coordination — Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions.
47
 
Judgment and Decision Making — Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the most appropriate one.
47
 
Persuasion — Persuading others to change their minds or behavior.
47
 
Service Orientation — Actively looking for ways to help people.
47
 
Social Perceptiveness — Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react as they do.
47
 
Time Management — Managing one's own time and the time of others.
41
 
Instructing — Teaching others how to do something.
41
 
Management of Personnel Resources — Motivating, developing, and directing people as they work, identifying the best people for the job.
41
 
Systems Analysis — Determining how a system should work and how changes in conditions, operations, and the environment will affect outcomes.
41
 
Systems Evaluation — Identifying measures or indicators of system performance and the actions needed to improve or correct performance, relative to the goals of the system.
38
 
Learning Strategies — Selecting and using training/instructional methods and procedures appropriate for the situation when learning or teaching new things.
38
 
Operation and Control — Controlling operations of equipment or systems.
35
 
Negotiation — Bringing others together and trying to reconcile differences.
35
 
Operations Monitoring — Watching gauges, dials, or other indicators to make sure a machine is working properly.
31
 
Programming — Writing computer programs for various purposes.
31
 
Quality Control Analysis — Conducting tests and inspections of products, services, or processes to evaluate quality or performance.
25
 
Operations Analysis — Analyzing needs and product requirements to create a design.
22
 
Management of Material Resources — Obtaining and seeing to the appropriate use of equipment, facilities, and materials needed to do certain work.
19
 
Technology Design — Generating or adapting equipment and technology to serve user needs.
19
 
Troubleshooting — Determining causes of operating errors and deciding what to do about it.
16
 
Management of Financial Resources — Determining how money will be spent to get the work done, and accounting for these expenditures.
16
 
Science — Using scientific rules and methods to solve problems.
6
 
Equipment Selection — Determining the kind of tools and equipment needed to do a job.
3
 
Repairing — Repairing machines or systems using the needed tools.
0
 
Equipment Maintenance — Performing routine maintenance on equipment and determining when and what kind of maintenance is needed.
0
 
Installation — Installing equipment, machines, wiring, or programs to meet specifications.

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Knowledge Save Table: XLSX CSV

ImportanceKnowledge
79
 
Computers and Electronics — Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and computer hardware and software, including applications and programming.
72
 
Geography — Knowledge of principles and methods for describing the features of land, sea, and air masses, including their physical characteristics, locations, interrelationships, and distribution of plant, animal, and human life.
67
 
Mathematics — Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their applications.
65
 
English Language — Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition, and grammar.
62
 
Engineering and Technology — Knowledge of the practical application of engineering science and technology. This includes applying principles, techniques, procedures, and equipment to the design and production of various goods and services.
57
 
Design — Knowledge of design techniques, tools, and principles involved in production of precision technical plans, blueprints, drawings, and models.
54
 
Customer and Personal Service — Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal services. This includes customer needs assessment, meeting quality standards for services, and evaluation of customer satisfaction.
48
 
Administrative — Knowledge of administrative and office procedures and systems such as word processing, managing files and records, stenography and transcription, designing forms, and workplace terminology.
44
 
Law and Government — Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court procedures, precedents, government regulations, executive orders, agency rules, and the democratic political process.
42
 
Administration and Management — Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, resource allocation, human resources modeling, leadership technique, production methods, and coordination of people and resources.
41
 
Building and Construction — Knowledge of materials, methods, and the tools involved in the construction or repair of houses, buildings, or other structures such as highways and roads.
40
 
Public Safety and Security — Knowledge of relevant equipment, policies, procedures, and strategies to promote effective local, state, or national security operations for the protection of people, data, property, and institutions.
39
 
Education and Training — Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and training design, teaching and instruction for individuals and groups, and the measurement of training effects.
31
 
History and Archeology — Knowledge of historical events and their causes, indicators, and effects on civilizations and cultures.
31
 
Physics — Knowledge and prediction of physical principles, laws, their interrelationships, and applications to understanding fluid, material, and atmospheric dynamics, and mechanical, electrical, atomic and sub-atomic structures and processes.
30
 
Communications and Media — Knowledge of media production, communication, and dissemination techniques and methods. This includes alternative ways to inform and entertain via written, oral, and visual media.
30
 
Transportation — Knowledge of principles and methods for moving people or goods by air, rail, sea, or road, including the relative costs and benefits.
26
 
Production and Processing — Knowledge of raw materials, production processes, quality control, costs, and other techniques for maximizing the effective manufacture and distribution of goods.
23
 
Economics and Accounting — Knowledge of economic and accounting principles and practices, the financial markets, banking, and the analysis and reporting of financial data.
23
 
Mechanical — Knowledge of machines and tools, including their designs, uses, repair, and maintenance.
23
 
Personnel and Human Resources — Knowledge of principles and procedures for personnel recruitment, selection, training, compensation and benefits, labor relations and negotiation, and personnel information systems.
23
 
Telecommunications — Knowledge of transmission, broadcasting, switching, control, and operation of telecommunications systems.
17
 
Biology — Knowledge of plant and animal organisms, their tissues, cells, functions, interdependencies, and interactions with each other and the environment.
17
 
Sales and Marketing — Knowledge of principles and methods for showing, promoting, and selling products or services. This includes marketing strategy and tactics, product demonstration, sales techniques, and sales control systems.
15
 
Chemistry — Knowledge of the chemical composition, structure, and properties of substances and of the chemical processes and transformations that they undergo. This includes uses of chemicals and their interactions, danger signs, production techniques, and disposal methods.
14
 
Psychology — Knowledge of human behavior and performance; individual differences in ability, personality, and interests; learning and motivation; psychological research methods; and the assessment and treatment of behavioral and affective disorders.
13
 
Foreign Language — Knowledge of the structure and content of a foreign (non-English) language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition and grammar, and pronunciation.
12
 
Sociology and Anthropology — Knowledge of group behavior and dynamics, societal trends and influences, human migrations, ethnicity, cultures, and their history and origins.
10
 
Philosophy and Theology — Knowledge of different philosophical systems and religions. This includes their basic principles, values, ethics, ways of thinking, customs, practices, and their impact on human culture.
8
 
Medicine and Dentistry — Knowledge of the information and techniques needed to diagnose and treat human injuries, diseases, and deformities. This includes symptoms, treatment alternatives, drug properties and interactions, and preventive health-care measures.
8
 
Therapy and Counseling — Knowledge of principles, methods, and procedures for diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of physical and mental dysfunctions, and for career counseling and guidance.
6
 
Fine Arts — Knowledge of the theory and techniques required to compose, produce, and perform works of music, dance, visual arts, drama, and sculpture.
3
 
Food Production — Knowledge of techniques and equipment for planting, growing, and harvesting food products (both plant and animal) for consumption, including storage/handling techniques.

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Worker Characteristics

Abilities Save Table: XLSX CSV

ImportanceAbility
69
 
Written Comprehension — The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.
63
 
Near Vision — The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).
60
 
Inductive Reasoning — The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusions (includes finding a relationship among seemingly unrelated events).
60
 
Oral Comprehension — The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through spoken words and sentences.
60
 
Oral Expression — The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will understand.
56
 
Deductive Reasoning — The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that make sense.
56
 
Information Ordering — The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according to a specific rule or set of rules (e.g., patterns of numbers, letters, words, pictures, mathematical operations).
56
 
Problem Sensitivity — The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does not involve solving the problem, only recognizing that there is a problem.
56
 
Written Expression — The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will understand.
53
 
Category Flexibility — The ability to generate or use different sets of rules for combining or grouping things in different ways.
53
 
Far Vision — The ability to see details at a distance.
53
 
Flexibility of Closure — The ability to identify or detect a known pattern (a figure, object, word, or sound) that is hidden in other distracting material.
53
 
Speech Clarity — The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you.
53
 
Speech Recognition — The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person.
50
 
Fluency of Ideas — The ability to come up with a number of ideas about a topic (the number of ideas is important, not their quality, correctness, or creativity).
47
 
Mathematical Reasoning — The ability to choose the right mathematical methods or formulas to solve a problem.
47
 
Perceptual Speed — The ability to quickly and accurately compare similarities and differences among sets of letters, numbers, objects, pictures, or patterns. The things to be compared may be presented at the same time or one after the other. This ability also includes comparing a presented object with a remembered object.
47
 
Selective Attention — The ability to concentrate on a task over a period of time without being distracted.
47
 
Visual Color Discrimination — The ability to match or detect differences between colors, including shades of color and brightness.
44
 
Arm-Hand Steadiness — The ability to keep your hand and arm steady while moving your arm or while holding your arm and hand in one position.
44
 
Originality — The ability to come up with unusual or clever ideas about a given topic or situation, or to develop creative ways to solve a problem.
44
 
Visualization — The ability to imagine how something will look after it is moved around or when its parts are moved or rearranged.
41
 
Control Precision — The ability to quickly and repeatedly adjust the controls of a machine or a vehicle to exact positions.
41
 
Number Facility — The ability to add, subtract, multiply, or divide quickly and correctly.
41
 
Trunk Strength — The ability to use your abdominal and lower back muscles to support part of the body repeatedly or continuously over time without "giving out" or fatiguing.
38
 
Finger Dexterity — The ability to make precisely coordinated movements of the fingers of one or both hands to grasp, manipulate, or assemble very small objects.
38
 
Manual Dexterity — The ability to quickly move your hand, your hand together with your arm, or your two hands to grasp, manipulate, or assemble objects.
38
 
Multilimb Coordination — The ability to coordinate two or more limbs (for example, two arms, two legs, or one leg and one arm) while sitting, standing, or lying down. It does not involve performing the activities while the whole body is in motion.
38
 
Speed of Closure — The ability to quickly make sense of, combine, and organize information into meaningful patterns.
38
 
Time Sharing — The ability to shift back and forth between two or more activities or sources of information (such as speech, sounds, touch, or other sources).
35
 
Memorization — The ability to remember information such as words, numbers, pictures, and procedures.
35
 
Reaction Time — The ability to quickly respond (with the hand, finger, or foot) to a signal (sound, light, picture) when it appears.
31
 
Auditory Attention — The ability to focus on a single source of sound in the presence of other distracting sounds.
31
 
Depth Perception — The ability to judge which of several objects is closer or farther away from you, or to judge the distance between you and an object.
31
 
Dynamic Strength — The ability to exert muscle force repeatedly or continuously over time. This involves muscular endurance and resistance to muscle fatigue.
31
 
Spatial Orientation — The ability to know your location in relation to the environment or to know where other objects are in relation to you.
31
 
Wrist-Finger Speed — The ability to make fast, simple, repeated movements of the fingers, hands, and wrists.
28
 
Gross Body Coordination — The ability to coordinate the movement of your arms, legs, and torso together when the whole body is in motion.
28
 
Hearing Sensitivity — The ability to detect or tell the differences between sounds that vary in pitch and loudness.
28
 
Stamina — The ability to exert yourself physically over long periods of time without getting winded or out of breath.
28
 
Static Strength — The ability to exert maximum muscle force to lift, push, pull, or carry objects.
25
 
Explosive Strength — The ability to use short bursts of muscle force to propel oneself (as in jumping or sprinting), or to throw an object.
25
 
Extent Flexibility — The ability to bend, stretch, twist, or reach with your body, arms, and/or legs.
25
 
Gross Body Equilibrium — The ability to keep or regain your body balance or stay upright when in an unstable position.
25
 
Response Orientation — The ability to choose quickly between two or more movements in response to two or more different signals (lights, sounds, pictures). It includes the speed with which the correct response is started with the hand, foot, or other body part.
22
 
Rate Control — The ability to time your movements or the movement of a piece of equipment in anticipation of changes in the speed and/or direction of a moving object or scene.
19
 
Glare Sensitivity — The ability to see objects in the presence of a glare or bright lighting.
16
 
Night Vision — The ability to see under low-light conditions.
16
 
Peripheral Vision — The ability to see objects or movement of objects to one's side when the eyes are looking ahead.
16
 
Sound Localization — The ability to tell the direction from which a sound originated.
10
 
Speed of Limb Movement — The ability to quickly move the arms and legs.
6
 
Dynamic Flexibility — The ability to quickly and repeatedly bend, stretch, twist, or reach out with your body, arms, and/or legs.

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Interests Save Table: XLSX CSV

Occupational InterestInterest
83
 
Realistic — Work involves designing, building, or repairing of equipment, materials, or structures, engaging in physical activity, or working outdoors. Realistic occupations are often associated with engineering, mechanics and electronics, construction, woodworking, transportation, machine operation, agriculture, animal services, physical or manual labor, athletics, or protective services.
77
 
Conventional — Work involves following procedures and regulations to organize information or data, typically in a business setting. Conventional occupations are often associated with office work, accounting, mathematics/statistics, information technology, finance, or human resources.
51
 
Investigative — Work involves studying and researching non-living objects, living organisms, disease or other forms of impairment, or human behavior. Investigative occupations are often associated with physical, life, medical, or social sciences, and can be found in the fields of humanities, mathematics/statistics, information technology, or health care service.
15
 
Artistic — Work involves creating original visual artwork, performances, written works, food, or music for a variety of media, or applying artistic principles to the design of various objects and materials. Artistic occupations are often associated with visual arts, applied arts and design, performing arts, music, creative writing, media, or culinary art.
0
 
Enterprising — Work involves managing, negotiating, marketing, or selling, typically in a business setting, or leading or advising people in political and legal situations. Enterprising occupations are often associated with business initiatives, sales, marketing/advertising, finance, management/administration, professional advising, public speaking, politics, or law.
0
 
Social — Work involves helping, teaching, advising, assisting, or providing service to others. Social occupations are often associated with social, health care, personal service, teaching/education, or religious activities.

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Work Values Save Table: XLSX CSV

ExtentWork Value
61
 
Support — Occupations that satisfy this work value offer supportive management that stands behind employees. Corresponding needs are Company Policies, Supervision: Human Relations and Supervision: Technical.
53
 
Independence — Occupations that satisfy this work value allow employees to work on their own and make decisions. Corresponding needs are Creativity, Responsibility and Autonomy.
45
 
Relationships — Occupations that satisfy this work value allow employees to provide service to others and work with co-workers in a friendly non-competitive environment. Corresponding needs are Co-workers, Moral Values and Social Service.
43
 
Working Conditions — Occupations that satisfy this work value offer job security and good working conditions. Corresponding needs are Activity, Compensation, Independence, Security, Variety and Working Conditions.
42
 
Achievement — Occupations that satisfy this work value are results oriented and allow employees to use their strongest abilities, giving them a feeling of accomplishment. Corresponding needs are Ability Utilization and Achievement.
33
 
Recognition — Occupations that satisfy this work value offer advancement, potential for leadership, and are often considered prestigious. Corresponding needs are Advancement, Authority, Recognition and Social Status.

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Work Styles Save Table: XLSX CSV

ImportanceWork Style
91
 
Attention to Detail — Job requires being careful about detail and thorough in completing work tasks.
81
 
Dependability — Job requires being reliable, responsible, and dependable, and fulfilling obligations.
76
 
Analytical Thinking — Job requires analyzing information and using logic to address work-related issues and problems.
76
 
Cooperation — Job requires being pleasant with others on the job and displaying a good-natured, cooperative attitude.
75
 
Integrity — Job requires being honest and ethical.
72
 
Independence — Job requires developing one's own ways of doing things, guiding oneself with little or no supervision, and depending on oneself to get things done.
68
 
Achievement/Effort — Job requires establishing and maintaining personally challenging achievement goals and exerting effort toward mastering tasks.
65
 
Adaptability/Flexibility — Job requires being open to change (positive or negative) and to considerable variety in the workplace.
65
 
Persistence — Job requires persistence in the face of obstacles.
63
 
Initiative — Job requires a willingness to take on responsibilities and challenges.
62
 
Stress Tolerance — Job requires accepting criticism and dealing calmly and effectively with high-stress situations.
59
 
Self-Control — Job requires maintaining composure, keeping emotions in check, controlling anger, and avoiding aggressive behavior, even in very difficult situations.
56
 
Leadership — Job requires a willingness to lead, take charge, and offer opinions and direction.
53
 
Concern for Others — Job requires being sensitive to others' needs and feelings and being understanding and helpful on the job.
51
 
Innovation — Job requires creativity and alternative thinking to develop new ideas for and answers to work-related problems.
45
 
Social Orientation — Job requires preferring to work with others rather than alone, and being personally connected with others on the job.

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Workforce Characteristics

Wages & Employment Trends

Median wages (2023)
$23.53 hourly, $48,940 annual
State wages
Local wages
Employment (2022)
64,200 employees
Projected growth (2022-2032)
Average (2% to 4%)
Projected job openings (2022-2032)
7,800
State trends
Top industries (2022)

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics 2023 wage data external site and 2022-2032 employment projections external site. “Projected growth” represents the estimated change in total employment over the projections period (2022-2032). “Projected job openings” represent openings due to growth and replacement.

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Job Openings on the Web

State job openings
Local job openings

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More Information

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Professional Associations

Disclaimer: Sources are listed to provide additional information on related jobs, specialties, and/or industries. Links to non-DOL Internet sites are provided for your convenience and do not constitute an endorsement.

National Associations
Accreditation, Certification, & Unions

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