Job Duties Custom List 17-3012.00 — Electrical and Electronics Drafters

Review blueprints to determine customer requirements and consult with assembler regarding schematics, wiring procedures, or conductor paths.

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29 occupations shown

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Closely Related Tasks	All Related Tasks	Job Zone	Code	Occupation
4	4	4	17-2112.00	Industrial Engineers Bright Outlook
3	3	4	17-2031.00	Bioengineers and Biomedical Engineers
3	3	4	17-2121.00	Marine Engineers and Naval Architects
2	3	3	17-3027.00	Mechanical Engineering Technologists and Technicians
2	2	3	17-3022.00	Civil Engineering Technologists and Technicians
2	2	4	17-1012.00	Landscape Architects
2	2	4	17-2111.00	Health and Safety Engineers, Except Mining Safety Engineers and Inspectors
2	2	4	17-2141.00	Mechanical Engineers
1	2	3	17-3011.00	Architectural and Civil Drafters
1	2	3	17-3024.00	Electro-Mechanical and Mechatronics Technologists and Technicians
1	1	3	17-3021.00	Aerospace Engineering and Operations Technologists and Technicians
1	1	3	17-3013.00	Mechanical Drafters
1	1	4	11-3021.00	Computer and Information Systems Managers
1	1	3	17-3027.01	Automotive Engineering Technicians
1	1	4	17-2061.00	Computer Hardware Engineers
1	1	4	17-2151.00	Mining and Geological Engineers, Including Mining Safety Engineers
1	1	4	17-2161.00	Nuclear Engineers
1	1	4	17-2072.00	Electronics Engineers, Except Computer
1	1	4	17-2131.00	Materials Engineers
1	1	4	17-2112.02	Validation Engineers
1	1	4	17-2071.00	Electrical Engineers
1	1	3	29-2035.00	Magnetic Resonance Imaging Technologists
1	1	4	17-2112.03	Manufacturing Engineers
1	1	4	17-2141.01	Fuel Cell Engineers
1	1	5	17-2112.01	Human Factors Engineers and Ergonomists
1	1	4	17-2051.01	Transportation Engineers
1	1	4	17-2081.00	Environmental Engineers
1	1	3	17-3023.00	Electrical and Electronic Engineering Technologists and Technicians
1	1	5	17-2199.06	Microsystems Engineers

Job Duties: Industrial Engineers

Confer with clients, vendors, staff, and management personnel regarding purchases, product and production specifications, manufacturing capabilities, or project status.
Communicate with management and user personnel to develop production and design standards.
Review production schedules, engineering specifications, orders, and related information to obtain knowledge of manufacturing methods, procedures, and activities.
Study operations sequence, material flow, functional statements, organization charts, and project information to determine worker functions and responsibilities.

Estimate production costs, cost saving methods, and the effects of product design changes on expenditures for management review, action, and control.
Plan and establish sequence of operations to fabricate and assemble parts or products and to promote efficient utilization.
Analyze statistical data and product specifications to determine standards and establish quality and reliability objectives of finished product.
Evaluate precision and accuracy of production and testing equipment and engineering drawings to formulate corrective action plan.
Recommend methods for improving utilization of personnel, material, and utilities.
Record or oversee recording of information to ensure currency of engineering drawings and documentation of production problems.
Draft and design layout of equipment, materials, and workspace to illustrate maximum efficiency using drafting tools and computer.
Direct workers engaged in product measurement, inspection, and testing activities to ensure quality control and reliability.
Develop manufacturing methods, labor utilization standards, and cost analysis systems to promote efficient staff and facility utilization.
Complete production reports, purchase orders, and material, tool, and equipment lists.
Coordinate and implement quality control objectives, activities, or procedures to resolve production problems, maximize product reliability, or minimize costs.
Implement methods and procedures for disposition of discrepant material and defective or damaged parts, and assess cost and responsibility.
Apply statistical methods and perform mathematical calculations to determine manufacturing processes, staff requirements, and production standards.
Formulate sampling procedures and designs and develop forms and instructions for recording, evaluating, and reporting quality and reliability data.
Regulate and alter workflow schedules according to established manufacturing sequences and lead times to expedite production operations.
Schedule deliveries based on production forecasts, material substitutions, storage and handling facilities, and maintenance requirements.
Confer with clients, vendors, staff, and management personnel regarding purchases, product and production specifications, manufacturing capabilities, or project status.
Communicate with management and user personnel to develop production and design standards.
Review production schedules, engineering specifications, orders, and related information to obtain knowledge of manufacturing methods, procedures, and activities.
Study operations sequence, material flow, functional statements, organization charts, and project information to determine worker functions and responsibilities.

Job Duties: Bioengineers and Biomedical Engineers

Collaborate with manufacturing or quality assurance staff to prepare product specification or safety sheets, standard operating procedures, user manuals, or qualification and validation reports.
Confer with research and biomanufacturing personnel to ensure the compatibility of design and production.
Consult with chemists or biologists to develop or evaluate novel technologies.

Conduct research, along with life scientists, chemists, and medical scientists, on the engineering aspects of the biological systems of humans and animals.
Adapt or design computer hardware or software for medical science uses.
Evaluate the safety, efficiency, and effectiveness of biomedical equipment.
Develop models or computer simulations of human biobehavioral systems to obtain data for measuring or controlling life processes.
Research new materials to be used for products, such as implanted artificial organs.
Write documents describing protocols, policies, standards for use, maintenance, and repair of medical equipment.
Conduct training or in-services to educate clinicians and other personnel on proper use of equipment.
Analyze new medical procedures to forecast likely outcomes.
Advise hospital administrators on the planning, acquisition, and use of medical equipment.
Advise manufacturing staff regarding problems with fermentation, filtration, or other bioproduction processes.
Communicate with bioregulatory authorities regarding licensing or compliance responsibilities.
Communicate with suppliers regarding the design or specifications of bioproduction equipment, instrumentation, or materials.
Design and deliver technology, such as prosthetic devices, to assist people with disabilities.
Design or conduct follow-up experimentation, based on generated data, to meet established process objectives.
Design or develop medical diagnostic or clinical instrumentation, equipment, or procedures, using the principles of engineering and biobehavioral sciences.
Design or direct bench or pilot production experiments to determine the scale of production methods that optimize product yield and minimize production costs.
Develop bioremediation processes to reduce pollution, protect the environment, or treat waste products.
Develop methodologies for transferring procedures or biological processes from laboratories to commercial-scale manufacturing production.
Develop statistical models or simulations, using statistical or modeling software.
Lead studies to examine or recommend changes in process sequences or operation protocols.
Maintain databases of experiment characteristics or results.
Manage teams of engineers by creating schedules, tracking inventory, creating or using budgets, or overseeing contract obligations or deadlines.
Prepare project plans for equipment or facility improvements, including time lines, budgetary estimates, or capital spending requests.
Prepare technical reports, data summary documents, or research articles for scientific publication, regulatory submissions, or patent applications.
Read current scientific or trade literature to stay abreast of scientific, industrial, or technological advances.
Recommend process formulas, instrumentation, or equipment specifications, based on results of bench or pilot experimentation.
Review existing manufacturing processes to identify opportunities for yield improvement or reduced process variation.
Collaborate with manufacturing or quality assurance staff to prepare product specification or safety sheets, standard operating procedures, user manuals, or qualification and validation reports.
Confer with research and biomanufacturing personnel to ensure the compatibility of design and production.
Consult with chemists or biologists to develop or evaluate novel technologies.

Job Duties: Marine Engineers and Naval Architects

Study design proposals and specifications to establish basic characteristics of craft, such as size, weight, speed, propulsion, displacement, and draft.
Confer with research personnel to clarify or resolve problems and to develop or modify designs.
Review work requests and compare them with previous work completed on ships to ensure that costs are economically sound.

Design complete hull and superstructure according to specifications and test data, in conformity with standards of safety, efficiency, and economy.
Supervise other engineers and crew members and train them for routine and emergency duties.
Perform monitoring activities to ensure that ships comply with international regulations and standards for life-saving equipment and pollution preventatives.
Oversee construction and testing of prototype in model basin and develop sectional and waterline curves of hull to establish center of gravity, ideal hull form, and buoyancy and stability data.
Evaluate performance of craft during dock and sea trials to determine design changes and conformance with national and international standards.
Prepare plans, estimates, design and construction schedules, and contract specifications, including any special provisions.
Check, test, and maintain automatic controls and alarm systems.
Design layout of craft interior, including cargo space, passenger compartments, ladder wells, and elevators.
Evaluate operation of marine equipment during acceptance testing and shakedown cruises.
Act as liaisons between ships' captains and shore personnel to ensure that schedules and budgets are maintained, and that ships are operated safely and efficiently.
Conduct environmental, operational, or performance tests on marine machinery and equipment.
Inspect marine equipment and machinery to draw up work requests and job specifications.
Prepare, or direct the preparation of, product or system layouts and detailed drawings and schematics.
Investigate and observe tests on machinery and equipment for compliance with standards.
Maintain records of engineering department activities, including expense records and details of equipment maintenance and repairs.
Coordinate activities with regulatory bodies to ensure repairs and alterations are at minimum cost and consistent with safety.
Design and oversee testing, installation, and repair of marine apparatus and equipment.
Prepare technical reports for use by engineering, management, or sales personnel.
Procure materials needed to repair marine equipment and machinery.
Maintain contact with, and formulate reports for, contractors and clients to ensure completion of work at minimum cost.
Maintain and coordinate repair of marine machinery and equipment for installation on vessels.
Conduct analytical, environmental, operational, or performance studies to develop designs for products, such as marine engines, equipment, and structures.
Determine conditions under which tests are to be conducted, as well as sequences and phases of test operations.
Analyze data to determine feasibility of product proposals.
Schedule machine overhauls and the servicing of electrical, heating, ventilation, refrigeration, water, and sewage systems.
Conduct analyses of ships, such as stability, structural, weight, and vibration analyses.
Establish arrangement of boiler room equipment and propulsion machinery, heating and ventilating systems, refrigeration equipment, piping, and other functional equipment.
Study design proposals and specifications to establish basic characteristics of craft, such as size, weight, speed, propulsion, displacement, and draft.
Confer with research personnel to clarify or resolve problems and to develop or modify designs.
Review work requests and compare them with previous work completed on ships to ensure that costs are economically sound.

Job Duties: Mechanical Engineering Technologists and Technicians

Review project instructions and blueprints to ascertain test specifications, procedures, and objectives, and test nature of technical problems such as redesign.
Review project instructions and specifications to identify, modify and plan requirements fabrication, assembly and testing.

Discuss changes in design, method of manufacture and assembly, or drafting techniques and procedures with staff and coordinate corrections.

Assemble or disassemble complex mechanical systems.
Interpret engineering sketches, specifications, or drawings.
Calculate required capacities for equipment of proposed system to obtain specified performance and submit data to engineering personnel for approval.
Provide technical support to other employees regarding mechanical design, fabrication, testing, or documentation.
Test machines, components, materials, or products to determine characteristics such as performance, strength, or response to stress.
Draft detail drawing or sketch for drafting room completion or to request parts fabrication by machine, sheet or wood shops.
Analyze test results in relation to design or rated specifications and test objectives, and modify or adjust equipment to meet specifications.
Record test procedures and results, numerical and graphical data, and recommendations for changes in product or test methods.
Prepare specifications, designs, or sketches for machines, components, or systems related to the generation, transmission, or use of mechanical or fluid energy.
Read dials and meters to determine amperage, voltage, electrical output and input at specific operating temperature to analyze parts performance.
Design molds, tools, dies, jigs, or fixtures for use in manufacturing processes.
Design specialized or customized equipment, machines, or structures.
Conduct failure analyses, document results, and recommend corrective actions.
Set up and conduct tests of complete units and components under operational conditions to investigate proposals for improving equipment performance.
Assist engineers to design, develop, test, or manufacture industrial machinery, consumer products, or other equipment.
Prepare layouts of machinery, tools, plants, or equipment.
Prepare equipment inspection schedules, reliability schedules, work plans, or other records.
Set up prototype and test apparatus and operate test controlling equipment to observe and record prototype test results.
Evaluate tool drawing designs by measuring drawing dimensions and comparing with original specifications for form and function using engineering skills.
Analyze energy requirements and distribution systems to maximize the use of intermittent or inflexible renewable energy sources, such as wind or nuclear.
Prepare parts sketches and write work orders and purchase requests to be furnished by outside contractors.
Estimate cost factors including labor and material for purchased and fabricated parts and costs for assembly, testing, or installing.
Assist mechanical engineers in product testing through activities such as setting up instrumentation for automobile crash tests.
Conduct statistical studies to analyze or compare production costs for sustainable and nonsustainable designs.
Analyze or estimate production costs, such as labor, equipment, and plant space.
Devise, fabricate, or assemble new or modified mechanical components for products such as industrial machinery or equipment, and measuring instruments.
Monitor, inspect, or test mechanical equipment.
Review project instructions and blueprints to ascertain test specifications, procedures, and objectives, and test nature of technical problems such as redesign.
Review project instructions and specifications to identify, modify and plan requirements fabrication, assembly and testing.
Discuss changes in design, method of manufacture and assembly, or drafting techniques and procedures with staff and coordinate corrections.

Job Duties: Civil Engineering Technologists and Technicians

Read and review project blueprints and structural specifications to determine dimensions of structure or system and material requirements.
Confer with supervisor to determine project details such as plan preparation, acceptance testing, and evaluation of field conditions.

Calculate dimensions, square footage, profile and component specifications, and material quantities, using calculator or computer.
Draft detailed dimensional drawings and design layouts for projects to ensure conformance to specifications.
Analyze proposed site factors and design maps, graphs, tracings, and diagrams to illustrate findings.
Prepare reports and document project activities and data.
Report maintenance problems occurring at project site to supervisor and negotiate changes to resolve system conflicts.
Inspect project site and evaluate contractor work to detect design malfunctions and ensure conformance to design specifications and applicable codes.
Conduct materials test and analysis, using tools and equipment and applying engineering knowledge.
Develop plans and estimate costs for installation of systems, utilization of facilities, or construction of structures.
Develop project budgets by estimating the cost of project activities.
Evaluate facility to determine suitability for occupancy and square footage availability.
Plan and conduct field surveys to locate new sites and analyze details of project sites.
Negotiate with contractors on prices for new contracts or modifications to existing contracts.
Respond to public suggestions and complaints.
Read and review project blueprints and structural specifications to determine dimensions of structure or system and material requirements.
Confer with supervisor to determine project details such as plan preparation, acceptance testing, and evaluation of field conditions.

Job Duties: Landscape Architects

Collaborate with estimators to cost projects, create project plans, or coordinate bids from landscaping contractors.
Collaborate with architects or related professionals on whole building design to maximize the aesthetic features of structures or surrounding land and to improve energy efficiency.

Prepare graphic representations or drawings of proposed plans or designs.
Confer with clients, engineering personnel, or architects on landscape projects.
Integrate existing land features or landscaping into designs.
Inspect landscape work to ensure compliance with specifications, evaluate quality of materials or work, or advise clients or construction personnel.
Analyze data on conditions such as site location, drainage, or structure location for environmental reports or landscaping plans.
Develop marketing materials, proposals, or presentations to generate new work opportunities.
Manage the work of subcontractors to ensure quality control.
Present project plans or designs to public stakeholders, such as government agencies or community groups.
Prepare site plans, specifications, or cost estimates for land development.
Create landscapes that minimize water consumption such as by incorporating drought-resistant grasses or indigenous plants.
Develop planting plans to help clients garden productively or to achieve particular aesthetic effects.
Inspect proposed sites to identify structural elements of land areas or other important site information, such as soil condition, existing landscaping, or the proximity of water management facilities.
Prepare conceptual drawings, graphics, or other visual representations of land areas to show predicted growth or development of land areas over time.
Design and integrate rainwater harvesting or gray and reclaimed water systems to conserve water into building or land designs.
Research latest products, technology, or design trends to stay current in the field.
Provide follow-up consultations for clients to ensure landscape designs are maturing or developing as planned.
Identify and select appropriate sustainable materials for use in landscape designs, such as recycled wood or recycled concrete boards for structural elements or recycled tires for playground bedding.
Collaborate with estimators to cost projects, create project plans, or coordinate bids from landscaping contractors.
Collaborate with architects or related professionals on whole building design to maximize the aesthetic features of structures or surrounding land and to improve energy efficiency.

Job Duties: Health and Safety Engineers, Except Mining Safety Engineers and Inspectors

Maintain liaisons with outside organizations, such as fire departments, mutual aid societies, and rescue teams, so that emergency responses can be facilitated.
Confer with medical professionals to assess health risks and to develop ways to manage health issues and concerns.

Investigate industrial accidents, injuries, or occupational diseases to determine causes and preventive measures.
Conduct research to evaluate safety levels for products.
Evaluate product designs for safety.
Conduct or coordinate worker training in areas such as safety laws and regulations, hazardous condition monitoring, and use of safety equipment.
Maintain and apply knowledge of current policies, regulations, and industrial processes.
Recommend procedures for detection, prevention, and elimination of physical, chemical, or other product hazards.
Report or review findings from accident investigations, facilities inspections, or environmental testing.
Evaluate potential health hazards or damage that could occur from product misuse.
Evaluate adequacy of actions taken to correct health inspection violations.
Interpret safety regulations for others interested in industrial safety, such as safety engineers, labor representatives, and safety inspectors.
Review plans and specifications for construction of new machinery or equipment to determine whether all safety requirements have been met.
Participate in preparation of product usage and precautionary label instructions.
Interview employers and employees to obtain information about work environments and workplace incidents.
Provide expert testimony in litigation cases.
Review employee safety programs to determine their adequacy.
Conduct or direct testing of air quality, noise, temperature, or radiation levels to verify compliance with health and safety regulations.
Provide technical advice and guidance to organizations on how to handle health-related problems and make needed changes.
Develop industry standards of product safety.
Plan and conduct industrial hygiene research.
Compile, analyze, and interpret statistical data related to occupational illnesses and accidents.
Write and revise safety regulations and codes.
Design and build safety equipment.
Check floors of plants to ensure that they are strong enough to support heavy machinery.
Inspect facilities, machinery, or safety equipment to identify and correct potential hazards, and to ensure safety regulation compliance.
Install safety devices on machinery or direct device installation.
Maintain liaisons with outside organizations, such as fire departments, mutual aid societies, and rescue teams, so that emergency responses can be facilitated.
Confer with medical professionals to assess health risks and to develop ways to manage health issues and concerns.

Job Duties: Mechanical Engineers

Read and interpret blueprints, technical drawings, schematics, or computer-generated reports.
Confer with engineers or other personnel to implement operating procedures, resolve system malfunctions, or provide technical information.

Research, design, evaluate, install, operate, or maintain mechanical products, equipment, systems or processes to meet requirements.
Develop, coordinate, or monitor all aspects of production, including selection of manufacturing methods, fabrication, or operation of product designs.
Investigate equipment failures or difficulties to diagnose faulty operation and recommend remedial actions.
Develop or test models of alternate designs or processing methods to assess feasibility, sustainability, operating condition effects, potential new applications, or necessity of modification.
Specify system components or direct modification of products to ensure conformance with engineering design, performance specifications, or environmental regulations.
Recommend design modifications to eliminate machine or system malfunctions.
Oversee installation, operation, maintenance, or repair to ensure that machines or equipment are installed and functioning according to specifications.
Conduct research that tests or analyzes the feasibility, design, operation, or performance of equipment, components, or systems.
Design test control apparatus or equipment or develop procedures for testing products.
Provide feedback to design engineers on customer problems or needs.
Research and analyze customer design proposals, specifications, manuals, or other data to evaluate the feasibility, cost, or maintenance requirements of designs or applications.
Estimate costs or submit bids for engineering, construction, or extraction projects.
Recommend the use of utility or energy services that minimize carbon footprints.
Evaluate mechanical designs or prototypes for energy performance or environmental impact.
Direct the installation, operation, maintenance, or repair of renewable energy equipment, such as heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) or water systems.
Design integrated mechanical or alternative systems, such as mechanical cooling systems with natural ventilation systems, to improve energy efficiency.
Apply engineering principles or practices to emerging fields, such as robotics, waste management, or biomedical engineering.
Write performance requirements for product development or engineering projects.
Perform personnel functions, such as supervision of production workers, technicians, technologists, or other engineers.
Calculate energy losses for buildings, using equipment such as computers, combustion analyzers, or pressure gauges.
Solicit new business.
Provide technical customer service.
Study industrial processes to maximize the efficiency of equipment applications, including equipment placement.
Establish or coordinate the maintenance or safety procedures, service schedule, or supply of materials required to maintain machines or equipment in the prescribed condition.
Select or install combined heat units, power units, cogeneration equipment, or trigeneration equipment that reduces energy use or pollution.
Assist drafters in developing the structural design of products, using drafting tools or computer-assisted drafting equipment or software.
Read and interpret blueprints, technical drawings, schematics, or computer-generated reports.
Confer with engineers or other personnel to implement operating procedures, resolve system malfunctions, or provide technical information.

Job Duties: Architectural and Civil Drafters

Locate and identify symbols on topographical surveys to denote geological and geophysical formations or oil field installations.

Review rough sketches, drawings, specifications, and other engineering data to ensure that they conform to design concepts.

Produce drawings, using computer-assisted drafting systems (CAD) or drafting machines, or by hand, using compasses, dividers, protractors, triangles, and other drafting devices.
Draft plans and detailed drawings for structures, installations, and construction projects, such as highways, sewage disposal systems, and dikes, working from sketches or notes.
Coordinate structural, electrical, and mechanical designs and determine a method of presentation to graphically represent building plans.
Analyze building codes, by-laws, space and site requirements, and other technical documents and reports to determine their effect on architectural designs.
Draw maps, diagrams, and profiles, using cross-sections and surveys, to represent elevations, topographical contours, subsurface formations, and structures.
Lay out and plan interior room arrangements for commercial buildings, using computer-assisted drafting (CAD) equipment and software.
Supervise and train other technologists, technicians, and drafters.
Determine the order of work and method of presentation, such as orthographic or isometric drawing.
Finish and duplicate drawings and documentation packages according to required mediums and specifications for reproduction, using blueprinting, photography, or other duplicating methods.
Draw rough and detailed scale plans for foundations, buildings, and structures, based on preliminary concepts, sketches, engineering calculations, specification sheets, and other data.
Correlate, interpret, and modify data obtained from topographical surveys, well logs, and geophysical prospecting reports.
Check dimensions of materials to be used and assign numbers to lists of materials.
Determine procedures and instructions to be followed, according to design specifications and quantity of required materials.
Supervise or conduct field surveys, inspections, or technical investigations to obtain data required to revise construction drawings.
Explain drawings to production or construction teams and provide adjustments as necessary.
Obtain and assemble data to complete architectural designs, visiting job sites to compile measurements as necessary.
Determine quality, cost, strength, and quantity of required materials, and enter figures on materials lists.
Create freehand drawings and lettering to accompany drawings.
Calculate excavation tonnage and prepare graphs and fill-hauling diagrams for use in earth-moving operations.
Prepare colored drawings of landscape and interior designs for presentation to client.
Calculate weights, volumes, and stress factors and their implications for technical aspects of designs.
Plot characteristics of boreholes for oil and gas wells from photographic subsurface survey recordings and other data, representing depth, degree, and direction of inclination.
Reproduce drawings on copy machines or trace copies of plans and drawings, using transparent paper or cloth, ink, pencil, and standard drafting instruments.
Calculate heat loss and gain of buildings and structures to determine required equipment specifications, following standard procedures.
Prepare cost estimates, contracts, bidding documents, and technical reports for specific projects under an architect's or engineer's supervision.
Represent architect or engineer on construction site, ensuring builder compliance with design specifications and advising on design corrections, under supervision.
Locate and identify symbols on topographical surveys to denote geological and geophysical formations or oil field installations.
Review rough sketches, drawings, specifications, and other engineering data to ensure that they conform to design concepts.

Job Duties: Electro-Mechanical and Mechatronics Technologists and Technicians

Read blueprints, schematics, diagrams, or technical orders to determine methods and sequences of assembly.

Consult with machinists to ensure that electromechanical equipment or systems meet design specifications.

Test performance of electromechanical assemblies, using test instruments such as oscilloscopes, electronic voltmeters, or bridges.
Install or program computer hardware or machine or instrumentation software in microprocessor-based systems.
Modify, maintain, or repair electrical, electronic, or mechanical components, equipment, or systems to ensure proper functioning.
Inspect parts for surface defects.
Install electrical or electronic parts and hardware in housings or assemblies, using soldering equipment and hand tools.
Verify part dimensions or clearances to ensure conformance to specifications, using precision measuring instruments.
Fabricate or assemble mechanical, electrical, or electronic components or assemblies.
Align, fit, or assemble component parts, using hand or power tools, fixtures, templates, or microscopes.
Produce electrical, electronic, or mechanical drawings or other related documents or graphics necessary for electromechanical design, using computer-aided design (CAD) software.
Select electromechanical equipment, materials, components, or systems to meet functional specifications.
Establish and maintain inventory, records, or documentation systems.
Develop, test, or program new robots.
Prepare written documentation of electromechanical test results.
Repair, rework, or calibrate hydraulic or pneumatic assemblies or systems to meet operational specifications or tolerances.
Select and use laboratory, operational, or diagnostic techniques or test equipment to assess electromechanical circuits, equipment, processes, systems, or subsystems.
Operate, test, or maintain robotic equipment used for green production applications, such as waste-to-energy conversion systems, minimization of material waste, or replacement of human operators in dangerous work environments.
Determine whether selected electromechanical components comply with environmental standards and regulations.
Develop or implement programs related to the environmental impact of engineering activities.
Train others to install, use, or maintain robots.
Analyze engineering designs of logic or digital circuitry, motor controls, instrumentation, or data acquisition for implementation into new or existing automated, servomechanical, or other electromechanical systems.
Conduct statistical studies to analyze or compare production costs for sustainable and nonsustainable designs.
Specify, coordinate, or conduct quality-control or quality-assurance programs and procedures.
Operate metalworking machines to fabricate housings, jigs, fittings, or fixtures.
Translate electromechanical drawings into design specifications, applying principles of engineering, thermal or fluid sciences, mathematics, or statistics.
Identify energy-conserving production or fabrication methods, such as by bending metal rather than cutting and welding or casting metal.
Test and analyze thermodynamic systems for renewable energy applications, such as solar or wind, to maximize energy production.
Assist engineers to implement electromechanical designs in industrial or other settings.
Read blueprints, schematics, diagrams, or technical orders to determine methods and sequences of assembly.
Consult with machinists to ensure that electromechanical equipment or systems meet design specifications.

Job Duties: Aerospace Engineering and Operations Technologists and Technicians

Confer with engineering personnel regarding details and implications of test procedures and results.

Test aircraft systems under simulated operational conditions, performing systems readiness tests and pre- and post-operational checkouts, to establish design or fabrication parameters.
Identify required data, data acquisition plans, and test parameters, setting up equipment to conform to these specifications.
Inspect, diagnose, maintain, and operate test setups and equipment to detect malfunctions.
Operate and calibrate computer systems and devices to comply with test requirements and to perform data acquisition and analysis.
Record and interpret test data on parts, assemblies, and mechanisms.
Adjust, repair, or replace faulty components of test setups and equipment.
Fabricate and install parts and systems to be tested in test equipment, using hand tools, power tools, and test instruments.
Construct and maintain test facilities for aircraft parts and systems, according to specifications.
Design electrical and mechanical systems for avionic instrumentation applications.
Exchange cooling system components in various vehicles.
Finish vehicle instrumentation and deinstrumentation.
Confer with engineering personnel regarding details and implications of test procedures and results.

Job Duties: Mechanical Drafters

Coordinate with and consult other workers to design, lay out, or detail components and systems and to resolve design or other problems.

Develop detailed design drawings and specifications for mechanical equipment, dies, tools, and controls, using computer-assisted drafting (CAD) equipment.
Produce three-dimensional models, using computer-aided design (CAD) software.
Lay out and draw schematic, orthographic, or angle views to depict functional relationships of components, assemblies, systems, and machines.
Modify and revise designs to correct operating deficiencies or to reduce production problems.
Review and analyze specifications, sketches, drawings, ideas, and related data to assess factors affecting component designs and the procedures and instructions to be followed.
Check dimensions of materials to be used and assign numbers to the materials.
Design scale or full-size blueprints of specialty items, such as furniture and automobile body or chassis components.
Compute mathematical formulas to develop and design detailed specifications for components or machinery, using computer-assisted equipment.
Confer with customer representatives to review schematics and answer questions pertaining to installation of systems.
Position instructions and comments onto drawings.
Supervise and train other drafters, technologists, and technicians.
Lay out, draw, and reproduce illustrations for reference manuals and technical publications to describe operation and maintenance of mechanical systems.
Draw freehand sketches of designs, trace finished drawings onto designated paper for the reproduction of blueprints, and reproduce working drawings on copy machines.
Shade or color drawings to clarify and emphasize details and dimensions or eliminate background, using ink, crayon, airbrush, and overlays.
Coordinate with and consult other workers to design, lay out, or detail components and systems and to resolve design or other problems.

Job Duties: Computer and Information Systems Managers

Review and approve all systems charts and programs prior to their implementation.

Direct daily operations of department, analyzing workflow, establishing priorities, developing standards and setting deadlines.
Meet with department heads, managers, supervisors, vendors, and others, to solicit cooperation and resolve problems.
Review project plans to plan and coordinate project activity.
Assign and review the work of systems analysts, programmers, and other computer-related workers.
Provide users with technical support for computer problems.
Develop computer information resources, providing for data security and control, strategic computing, and disaster recovery.
Recruit, hire, train and supervise staff, or participate in staffing decisions.
Stay abreast of advances in technology.
Consult with users, management, vendors, and technicians to assess computing needs and system requirements.
Develop and interpret organizational goals, policies, and procedures.
Evaluate the organization's technology use and needs and recommend improvements, such as hardware and software upgrades.
Prepare and review operational reports or project progress reports.
Evaluate data processing proposals to assess project feasibility and requirements.
Control operational budget and expenditures.
Purchase necessary equipment.
Manage backup, security and user help systems.
Review and approve all systems charts and programs prior to their implementation.

Job Duties: Automotive Engineering Technicians

Read and interpret blueprints, schematics, work specifications, drawings, or charts.

Document test results, using cameras, spreadsheets, documents, or other tools.
Set up mechanical, hydraulic, or electric test equipment in accordance with engineering specifications, standards, or test procedures.
Inspect or test parts to determine nature or cause of defects or malfunctions.
Monitor computer-controlled test equipment, according to written or verbal instructions.
Analyze test data for automotive systems, subsystems, or component parts.
Install equipment, such as instrumentation, test equipment, engines, or aftermarket products, to ensure proper interfaces.
Perform or execute manual or automated tests of automotive system or component performance, efficiency, or durability.
Maintain test equipment in operational condition by performing routine maintenance or making minor repairs or adjustments as needed.
Analyze performance of vehicles or components that have been redesigned to increase fuel efficiency, such as camless or dual-clutch engines or alternative types of air-conditioning systems.
Improve fuel efficiency by testing vehicles or components that use lighter materials, such as aluminum, magnesium alloy, or plastic.
Fabricate new or modify existing prototype components or fixtures.
Order new test equipment, supplies, or replacement parts.
Recommend product or component design improvements, based on test data or observations.
Recommend tests or testing conditions in accordance with designs, customer requirements, or industry standards to ensure test validity.
Test performance of vehicles that use alternative fuels, such as alcohol blends, natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, biodiesel, nano diesel, or alternative power methods, such as solar energy or hydrogen fuel cells.
Participate in research or testing of computerized automotive applications, such as telemetrics, intelligent transportation systems, artificial intelligence, or automatic control.
Build instrumentation or laboratory test equipment for special purposes.
Read and interpret blueprints, schematics, work specifications, drawings, or charts.

Job Duties: Computer Hardware Engineers

Confer with engineering staff and consult specifications to evaluate interface between hardware and software and operational and performance requirements of overall system.

Update knowledge and skills to keep up with rapid advancements in computer technology.
Design and develop computer hardware and support peripherals, including central processing units (CPUs), support logic, microprocessors, custom integrated circuits, and printers and disk drives.
Build, test, and modify product prototypes, using working models or theoretical models constructed with computer simulation.
Write detailed functional specifications that document the hardware development process and support hardware introduction.
Test and verify hardware and support peripherals to ensure that they meet specifications and requirements, by recording and analyzing test data.
Direct technicians, engineering designers or other technical support personnel as needed.
Provide technical support to designers, marketing and sales departments, suppliers, engineers and other team members throughout the product development and implementation process.
Select hardware and material, assuring compliance with specifications and product requirements.
Store, retrieve, and manipulate data for analysis of system capabilities and requirements.
Analyze user needs and recommend appropriate hardware.
Evaluate factors such as reporting formats required, cost constraints, and need for security restrictions to determine hardware configuration.
Provide training and support to system designers and users.
Monitor functioning of equipment and make necessary modifications to ensure system operates in conformance with specifications.
Specify power supply requirements and configuration, drawing on system performance expectations and design specifications.
Assemble and modify existing pieces of equipment to meet special needs.
Analyze information to determine, recommend, and plan layout, including type of computers and peripheral equipment modifications.
Recommend purchase of equipment to control dust, temperature, and humidity in area of system installation.
Confer with engineering staff and consult specifications to evaluate interface between hardware and software and operational and performance requirements of overall system.

Job Duties: Mining and Geological Engineers, Including Mining Safety Engineers

Examine maps, deposits, drilling locations, or mines to determine the location, size, accessibility, contents, value, and potential profitability of mineral, oil, and gas deposits.

Prepare technical reports for use by mining, engineering, and management personnel.
Inspect mining areas for unsafe structures, equipment, and working conditions.
Select or develop mineral location, extraction, and production methods, based on factors such as safety, cost, and deposit characteristics.
Select locations and plan underground or surface mining operations, specifying processes, labor usage, and equipment that will result in safe, economical, and environmentally sound extraction of minerals and ores.
Prepare schedules, reports, and estimates of the costs involved in developing and operating mines.
Monitor mine production rates to assess operational effectiveness.
Supervise, train, and evaluate technicians, technologists, survey personnel, engineers, scientists or other mine personnel.
Design, implement, and monitor the development of mines, facilities, systems, or equipment.
Test air to detect toxic gases and recommend measures to remove them, such as installation of ventilation shafts.
Implement and coordinate mine safety programs, including the design and maintenance of protective and rescue equipment and safety devices.
Devise solutions to problems of land reclamation and water and air pollution, such as methods of storing excavated soil and returning exhausted mine sites to natural states.
Lay out, direct, and supervise mine construction operations, such as the construction of shafts and tunnels.
Design, develop, and implement computer applications for use in mining operations such as mine design, modeling, or mapping or for monitoring mine conditions.
Select or devise materials-handling methods and equipment to transport ore, waste materials, and mineral products efficiently and economically.
Evaluate data to develop new mining products, equipment, or processes.
Design mining and mineral treatment equipment and machinery in collaboration with other engineering specialists.
Conduct or direct mining experiments to test or prove research findings.
Examine maps, deposits, drilling locations, or mines to determine the location, size, accessibility, contents, value, and potential profitability of mineral, oil, and gas deposits.

Job Duties: Nuclear Engineers

Consult with other scientists to determine parameters of experimentation or suitability of analytical models.

Initiate corrective actions or order plant shutdowns in emergency situations.
Monitor nuclear facility operations to identify any design, construction, or operation practices that violate safety regulations and laws or could jeopardize safe operations.
Design or develop nuclear equipment, such as reactor cores, radiation shielding, or associated instrumentation or control mechanisms.
Examine accidents to obtain data for use in design of preventive measures.
Direct operating or maintenance activities of nuclear power plants to ensure efficiency and conformity to safety standards.
Recommend preventive measures to be taken in the handling of nuclear technology, based on data obtained from operations monitoring or from evaluation of test results.
Write operational instructions to be used in nuclear plant operation or nuclear fuel or waste handling and disposal.
Conduct environmental studies on topics such as nuclear power generation, nuclear waste disposal, or nuclear weapon deployment.
Direct environmental compliance activities associated with nuclear plant operations or maintenance.
Prepare environmental impact statements, reports, or presentations for regulatory or other agencies.
Prepare technical reports of findings or recommendations, based on synthesized analyses of test results.
Develop or contribute to the development of plans to remediate or restore environments affected by nuclear radiation, such as waste disposal sites.
Conduct tests of nuclear fuel behavior and cycles or performance of nuclear machinery and equipment to optimize performance of existing plants.
Design or oversee construction or operation of nuclear reactors, power plants, or nuclear fuels reprocessing and reclamation systems.
Design or direct nuclear research projects to develop, test, modify, or discover new uses for theoretical models.
Design fuel cycle models or processes to reduce the quantity of radioactive waste generated from nuclear activities.
Perform experiments that will provide information about acceptable methods of nuclear material usage, nuclear fuel reclamation, or waste disposal.
Discuss construction project proposals with interested parties, such as vendors, contractors, or nuclear facility review boards.
Keep abreast of developments and changes in the nuclear field by reading technical journals or by independent study and research.
Consult with other scientists to determine parameters of experimentation or suitability of analytical models.

Job Duties: Electronics Engineers, Except Computer

Confer with engineers, customers, vendors, or others to discuss existing or potential electronics engineering projects or products.

Design electronic components, software, products, or systems for commercial, industrial, medical, military, or scientific applications.
Operate computer-assisted engineering or design software or equipment to perform electronics engineering tasks.
Evaluate project work to ensure effectiveness, technical adequacy, or compatibility in the resolution of complex electronics engineering problems.
Direct or coordinate activities concerned with manufacture, construction, installation, maintenance, operation, or modification of electronic equipment, products, or systems.
Provide technical support or instruction to staff or customers regarding electronics equipment standards.
Recommend repair or design modifications of electronics components or systems, based on factors such as environment, service, cost, or system capabilities.
Prepare documentation containing information such as confidential descriptions or specifications of proprietary hardware or software, product development or introduction schedules, product costs, or information about product performance weaknesses.
Develop or perform operational, maintenance, or testing procedures for electronic products, components, equipment, or systems.
Analyze electronics system requirements, capacity, cost, or customer needs to determine project feasibility.
Prepare, review, or maintain maintenance schedules, design documentation, or operational reports or charts.
Inspect electronic equipment, instruments, products, or systems to ensure conformance to specifications, safety standards, or applicable codes or regulations.
Determine project material or equipment needs.
Prepare necessary criteria, procedures, reports, or plans for successful conduct of the project with consideration given to site preparation, facility validation, installation, quality assurance, or testing.
Plan or develop applications or modifications for electronic properties used in components, products, or systems to improve technical performance.
Prepare engineering sketches or specifications for construction, relocation, or installation of equipment, facilities, products, or systems.
Prepare budget or cost estimates for equipment, construction, or installation projects or control expenditures.
Investigate green consumer electronics applications for consumer electronic devices, power saving devices for computers or televisions, or energy efficient power chargers.
Represent employer at conferences, meetings, boards, panels, committees, or working groups to present, explain, or defend findings or recommendations, negotiate compromises or agreements, or exchange information.
Research or develop new green electronics technologies, such as lighting, optical data storage devices, or energy efficient televisions.
Research or develop electronics technologies for use in electric-drive vehicles.
Confer with engineers, customers, vendors, or others to discuss existing or potential electronics engineering projects or products.

Job Duties: Materials Engineers

Plan and evaluate new projects, consulting with other engineers and corporate executives, as necessary.

Analyze product failure data and laboratory test results to determine causes of problems and develop solutions.
Design and direct the testing or control of processing procedures.
Monitor material performance, and evaluate its deterioration.
Conduct or supervise tests on raw materials or finished products to ensure their quality.
Evaluate technical specifications and economic factors relating to process or product design objectives.
Modify properties of metal alloys, using thermal and mechanical treatments.
Determine appropriate methods for fabricating and joining materials.
Guide technical staff in developing materials for specific uses in projected products or devices.
Review new product plans, and make recommendations for material selection, based on design objectives such as strength, weight, heat resistance, electrical conductivity, and cost.
Supervise the work of technologists, technicians, and other engineers and scientists.
Plan and implement laboratory operations to develop material and fabrication procedures that meet cost, product specification, and performance standards.
Supervise production and testing processes in industrial settings, such as metal refining facilities, smelting or foundry operations, or nonmetallic materials production operations.
Solve problems in a number of engineering fields, such as mechanical, chemical, electrical, civil, nuclear, and aerospace.
Conduct training sessions on new material products, applications, or manufacturing methods for customers and their employees.
Perform managerial functions, such as preparing proposals and budgets, analyzing labor costs, and writing reports.
Present technical information at conferences.
Replicate the characteristics of materials and their components, using computers.
Design processing plants and equipment.
Write for technical magazines, journals, and trade association publications.
Teach in colleges and universities.
Plan and evaluate new projects, consulting with other engineers and corporate executives, as necessary.

Job Duties: Validation Engineers

Study product characteristics or customer requirements to determine validation objectives and standards.

Analyze validation test data to determine whether systems or processes have met validation criteria or to identify root causes of production problems.
Develop validation master plans, process flow diagrams, test cases, or standard operating procedures.
Prepare detailed reports or design statements, based on results of validation and qualification tests or reviews of procedures and protocols.
Maintain validation test equipment.
Conduct validation or qualification tests of new or existing processes, equipment, or software in accordance with internal protocols or external standards.
Communicate with regulatory agencies regarding compliance documentation or validation results.
Prepare, maintain, or review validation and compliance documentation, such as engineering change notices, schematics, or protocols.
Recommend resolution of identified deviations from established product or process standards.
Design validation study features, such as sampling, testing, or analytical methodologies.
Prepare validation or performance qualification protocols for new or modified manufacturing processes, systems, or equipment for production of pharmaceuticals, electronics, or other products.
Create, populate, or maintain databases for tracking validation activities, test results, or validated systems.
Resolve testing problems by modifying testing methods or revising test objectives and standards.
Conduct audits of validation or performance qualification processes to ensure compliance with internal or regulatory requirements.
Draw samples of raw materials, intermediate products, or finished products for validation testing.
Direct validation activities, such as protocol creation or testing.
Coordinate the implementation or scheduling of validation testing with affected departments and personnel.
Participate in internal or external training programs to maintain knowledge of validation principles, industry trends, or novel technologies.
Validate or characterize sustainable or environmentally friendly products, using electronic testing platforms.
Assist in training equipment operators or other staff on validation protocols and standard operating procedures.
Plan or conduct validation testing of alternative energy products, such as synthetic jet fuels or energy storage systems, such as fuel cells.
Devise automated lab validation test stations or other test fixtures or equipment.
Study product characteristics or customer requirements to determine validation objectives and standards.

Job Duties: Electrical Engineers

Confer with engineers, customers, or others to discuss existing or potential engineering projects or products.

Design, implement, maintain, or improve electrical instruments, equipment, facilities, components, products, or systems for commercial, industrial, or domestic purposes.
Oversee project production efforts to assure projects are completed on time and within budget.
Direct or coordinate manufacturing, construction, installation, maintenance, support, documentation, or testing activities to ensure compliance with specifications, codes, or customer requirements.
Perform detailed calculations to compute and establish manufacturing, construction, or installation standards or specifications.
Operate computer-assisted engineering or design software or equipment to perform engineering tasks.
Investigate or test vendors' or competitors' products.
Inspect completed installations and observe operations to ensure conformance to design and equipment specifications and compliance with operational, safety, or environmental standards.
Investigate customer or public complaints to determine the nature and extent of problems.
Prepare technical drawings, specifications of electrical systems, or topographical maps to ensure that installation and operations conform to standards and customer requirements.
Compile data and write reports regarding existing or potential electrical engineering studies or projects.
Prepare specifications for purchases of materials or equipment.
Estimate labor, material, or construction costs for budget preparation purposes.
Plan or implement research methodology or procedures to apply principles of electrical theory to engineering projects.
Supervise or train project team members, as necessary.
Assist in developing capital project programs for new equipment or major repairs.
Develop systems that produce electricity with renewable energy sources, such as wind, solar, or biofuels.
Develop software to control electrical systems.
Plan layout of electric power generating plants or distribution lines or stations.
Integrate electrical systems with renewable energy systems to improve overall efficiency.
Conduct field surveys or study maps, graphs, diagrams, or other data to identify and correct power system problems.
Design electrical systems or components that minimize electric energy requirements, such as lighting systems designed to account for natural lighting.
Collect data relating to commercial or residential development, population, or power system interconnection to determine operating efficiency of electrical systems.
Confer with engineers, customers, or others to discuss existing or potential engineering projects or products.

Job Duties: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Technologists

Review physicians' orders to confirm prescribed exams.

Conduct screening interviews of patients to identify contraindications, such as ferrous objects, pregnancy, prosthetic heart valves, cardiac pacemakers, or tattoos.
Select appropriate imaging techniques or coils to produce required images.
Operate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanners.
Position patients on cradle, attaching immobilization devices, if needed, to ensure appropriate placement for imaging.
Take brief medical histories from patients.
Inspect images for quality, using magnetic resonance scanner equipment and laser camera.
Intravenously inject contrast dyes, such as gadolinium contrast, in accordance with scope of practice.
Test magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) equipment to ensure proper functioning and performance in accordance with specifications.
Instruct medical staff or students in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) procedures or equipment operation.
Write reports or notes to summarize testing procedures or outcomes for physicians or other medical professionals.
Comfort patients during exams, or request sedatives or other medication from physicians for patients with anxiety or claustrophobia.
Explain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) procedures to patients, patient representatives, or family members.
Calibrate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) console or peripheral hardware.
Troubleshoot technical issues related to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner or peripheral equipment, such as monitors or coils.
Connect physiological leads to physiological acquisition control (PAC) units.
Operate optical systems to capture dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images, such as functional brain imaging, real-time organ motion tracking, or musculoskeletal anatomy and trajectory visualization.
Attach physiological monitoring leads to patient's finger, chest, waist, or other body parts.
Conduct inventories to maintain stock of clinical supplies.
Place and secure small, portable magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanners on body part to be imaged, such as arm, leg, or head.
Develop or otherwise produce film records of magnetic resonance images.
Schedule appointments for research subjects or clinical patients.
Provide headphones or earplugs to patients to improve comfort and reduce unpleasant noise.
Create backup copies of images by transferring images from disk to storage media or workstation.
Review physicians' orders to confirm prescribed exams.

Job Duties: Manufacturing Engineers

Communicate manufacturing capabilities, production schedules, or other information to facilitate production processes.

Troubleshoot new or existing product problems involving designs, materials, or processes.
Investigate or resolve operational problems, such as material use variances or bottlenecks.
Identify opportunities or implement changes to improve manufacturing processes or products or to reduce costs, using knowledge of fabrication processes, tooling and production equipment, assembly methods, quality control standards, or product design, materials and parts.
Apply continuous improvement methods, such as lean manufacturing, to enhance manufacturing quality, reliability, or cost-effectiveness.
Provide technical expertise or support related to manufacturing.
Incorporate new manufacturing methods or processes to improve existing operations.
Review product designs for manufacturability or completeness.
Determine root causes of failures or recommend changes in designs, tolerances, or processing methods, using statistical procedures.
Prepare reports summarizing information or trends related to manufacturing performance.
Prepare documentation for new manufacturing processes or engineering procedures.
Design layout of equipment or workspaces to achieve maximum efficiency.
Supervise technicians, technologists, analysts, administrative staff, or other engineers.
Design, install, or troubleshoot manufacturing equipment.
Evaluate manufactured products according to specifications and quality standards.
Estimate costs, production times, or staffing requirements for new designs.
Train production personnel in new or existing methods.
Design tests of finished products or process capabilities to establish standards or validate process requirements.
Analyze the financial impacts of sustainable manufacturing processes or sustainable product manufacturing.
Develop sustainable manufacturing technologies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, minimize raw material use, replace toxic materials with non-toxic materials, replace non-renewable materials with renewable materials, or reduce waste.
Purchase equipment, materials, or parts.
Evaluate current or proposed manufacturing processes or practices for environmental sustainability, considering factors such as greenhouse gas emissions, air pollution, water pollution, energy use, or waste creation.
Read current literature, talk with colleagues, participate in educational programs, attend meetings or workshops, or participate in professional organizations or conferences to keep abreast of developments in the manufacturing field.
Redesign packaging for manufactured products to minimize raw material use or waste.
Communicate manufacturing capabilities, production schedules, or other information to facilitate production processes.

Job Duties: Fuel Cell Engineers

Plan or implement fuel cell cost reduction or product improvement projects in collaboration with other engineers, suppliers, support personnel, or customers.

Plan or conduct experiments to validate new materials, optimize startup protocols, reduce conditioning time, or examine contaminant tolerance.
Provide technical consultation or direction related to the development or production of fuel cell systems.
Characterize component or fuel cell performances by generating operating maps, defining operating conditions, identifying design refinements, or executing durability assessments.
Conduct fuel cell testing projects, using fuel cell test stations, analytical instruments, or electrochemical diagnostics, such as cyclic voltammetry or impedance spectroscopy.
Analyze fuel cell or related test data, using statistical software.
Conduct post-service or failure analyses, using electromechanical diagnostic principles or procedures.
Define specifications for fuel cell materials.
Recommend or implement changes to fuel cell system designs.
Validate design of fuel cells, fuel cell components, or fuel cell systems.
Read current literature, attend meetings or conferences, or talk with colleagues to stay abreast of new technology or competitive products.
Prepare test stations, instrumentation, or data acquisition systems for use in specific tests of fuel cell components or systems.
Develop fuel cell materials or fuel cell test equipment.
Fabricate prototypes of fuel cell components, assemblies, stacks, or systems.
Manage fuel cell battery hybrid system architecture, including sizing of components, such as fuel cells, energy storage units, or electric drives.
Design or implement fuel cell testing or development programs.
Write technical reports or proposals related to engineering projects.
Simulate or model fuel cell, motor, or other system information, using simulation software programs.
Design fuel cell systems, subsystems, stacks, assemblies, or components, such as electric traction motors or power electronics.
Identify or define vehicle and system integration challenges for fuel cell vehicles.
Calculate the efficiency or power output of a fuel cell system or process.
Coordinate fuel cell engineering or test schedules with departments outside engineering, such as manufacturing.
Authorize release of fuel cell parts, components, or subsystems for production.
Evaluate the power output, system cost, or environmental impact of new hydrogen or non-hydrogen fuel cell system designs.
Integrate electric drive subsystems with other vehicle systems to optimize performance or mitigate faults.
Develop or evaluate systems or methods of hydrogen storage for fuel cell applications.
Plan or implement fuel cell cost reduction or product improvement projects in collaboration with other engineers, suppliers, support personnel, or customers.

Job Duties: Human Factors Engineers and Ergonomists

Advocate for end users in collaboration with other professionals, including engineers, designers, managers, or customers.

Design or evaluate human work systems, using human factors engineering and ergonomic principles to optimize usability, cost, quality, safety, or performance.
Develop or implement human performance research, investigation, or analysis protocols.
Recommend workplace changes to improve health and safety, using knowledge of potentially harmful factors, such as heavy loads or repetitive motions.
Prepare reports or presentations summarizing results or conclusions of human factors engineering or ergonomics activities, such as testing, investigation, or validation.
Inspect work sites to identify physical hazards.
Collect data through direct observation of work activities or witnessing the conduct of tests.
Provide technical support to clients through activities, such as rearranging workplace fixtures to reduce physical hazards or discomfort or modifying task sequences to reduce cycle time.
Conduct interviews or surveys of users or customers to collect information on topics, such as requirements, needs, fatigue, ergonomics, or interfaces.
Perform functional, task, or anthropometric analysis, using tools, such as checklists, surveys, videotaping, or force measurement.
Integrate human factors requirements into operational hardware.
Write, review, or comment on documents, such as proposals, test plans, or procedures.
Train users in task techniques or ergonomic principles.
Establish system operating or training requirements to ensure optimized human-machine interfaces.
Develop or implement research methodologies or statistical analysis plans to test and evaluate developmental prototypes used in new products or processes, such as cockpit designs, user workstations, or computerized human models.
Assess the user-interface or usability characteristics of products.
Review health, safety, accident, or worker compensation records to evaluate safety program effectiveness or to identify jobs with high incidence of injury.
Conduct research to evaluate potential solutions related to changes in equipment design, procedures, manpower, personnel, or training.
Analyze complex systems to determine potential for further development, production, interoperability, compatibility, or usefulness in a particular area, such as aviation.
Estimate time or resource requirements for ergonomic or human factors research or development projects.
Apply modeling or quantitative analysis to forecast events, such as human decisions or behaviors, the structure or processes of organizations, or the attitudes or actions of human groups.
Operate testing equipment, such as heat stress meters, octave band analyzers, motion analysis equipment, inclinometers, light meters, thermoanemometers, sling psychrometers, or colorimetric detection tubes.
Provide human factors technical expertise on topics, such as advanced user-interface technology development or the role of human users in automated or autonomous sub-systems in advanced vehicle systems.
Design cognitive aids, such as procedural storyboards or decision support systems.
Investigate theoretical or conceptual issues, such as the human design considerations of lunar landers or habitats.
Perform statistical analyses, such as social network pattern analysis, network modeling, discrete event simulation, agent-based modeling, statistical natural language processing, computational sociology, mathematical optimization, or systems dynamics.
Advocate for end users in collaboration with other professionals, including engineers, designers, managers, or customers.

Job Duties: Transportation Engineers

Confer with contractors, utility companies, or government agencies to discuss plans, specifications, or work schedules.

Design or prepare plans for new transportation systems or parts of systems, such as airports, commuter trains, highways, streets, bridges, drainage structures, or roadway lighting.
Check construction plans, design calculations, or cost estimations to ensure completeness, accuracy, or conformity to engineering standards or practices.
Prepare administrative, technical, or statistical reports on traffic-operation matters, such as accidents, safety measures, or pedestrian volume or practices.
Plan alteration or modification of existing transportation structures to improve safety or function.
Present data, maps, or other information at construction-related public hearings or meetings.
Prepare final project layout drawings that include details such as stress calculations.
Investigate traffic problems and recommend methods to improve traffic flow or safety.
Estimate transportation project costs.
Design or engineer drainage, erosion, or sedimentation control systems for transportation projects.
Evaluate traffic control devices or lighting systems to determine need for modification or expansion.
Prepare project budgets, schedules, or specifications for labor or materials.
Inspect completed transportation projects to ensure safety or compliance with applicable standards or regulations.
Review development plans to determine potential traffic impact.
Evaluate transportation systems or traffic control devices or lighting systems to determine need for modification or expansion.
Analyze environmental impact statements for transportation projects.
Supervise the maintenance or repair of transportation systems or system components.
Model transportation scenarios to evaluate the impacts of activities such as new development or to identify possible solutions to transportation problems.
Inspect completed transportation projects to ensure compliance with environmental regulations.
Evaluate construction project materials for compliance with environmental standards.
Direct the surveying, staking, or laying-out of construction projects.
Design transportation systems or structures with sustainable materials or products, such as porous pavement or bioretention structures.
Investigate or test specific construction project materials to determine compliance to specifications or standards.
Develop or assist in the development of transportation-related computer software or computer processes.
Develop plans to deconstruct damaged or obsolete roadways or other transportation structures in a manner that is environmentally sound or prepares the land for sustainable development.
Participate in contract bidding, negotiation, or administration.
Confer with contractors, utility companies, or government agencies to discuss plans, specifications, or work schedules.

Job Duties: Environmental Engineers

Serve as liaison with federal, state, or local agencies or officials on issues pertaining to solid or hazardous waste program requirements.

Provide technical support for environmental remediation or litigation projects, including remediation system design or determination of regulatory applicability.
Collaborate with environmental scientists, planners, hazardous waste technicians, engineers, experts in law or business, or other specialists to address environmental problems.
Assess the existing or potential environmental impact of land use projects on air, water, or land.
Advise corporations or government agencies of procedures to follow in cleaning up contaminated sites to protect people and the environment.
Inspect industrial or municipal facilities or programs to evaluate operational effectiveness or ensure compliance with environmental regulations.
Design, or supervise the design of, systems, processes, or equipment for control, management, or remediation of water, air, or soil quality.
Direct installation or operation of environmental monitoring devices or supervise related data collection programs.
Prepare, review, or update environmental investigation or recommendation reports.
Develop site-specific health and safety protocols, such as spill contingency plans or methods for loading or transporting waste.
Obtain, update, or maintain plans, permits, or standard operating procedures.
Prepare or present public briefings on the status of environmental engineering projects.
Provide administrative support for projects by collecting data, providing project documentation, training staff, or performing other general administrative duties.
Coordinate or manage environmental protection programs or projects, assigning or evaluating work.
Request bids from suppliers or consultants.
Monitor progress of environmental improvement programs.
Provide assistance with planning, quality assurance, safety inspection protocols, or sampling as part of a team conducting multimedia inspections at complex facilities.
Develop, implement, or manage plans or programs related to conservation or management of natural resources.
Inform company employees or other interested parties of environmental issues.
Advise industries or government agencies about environmental policies and standards.
Provide environmental engineering assistance in network analysis, regulatory analysis, or planning or reviewing database development.
Assist in budget implementation, forecasts, or administration.
Prepare, maintain, or revise quality assurance documentation or procedures.
Develop proposed project objectives and targets and report to management on progress in attaining them.
Prepare hazardous waste manifests or land disposal restriction notifications.
Develop or present environmental compliance training or orientation sessions.
Assess, sort, characterize, or pack known or unknown materials.
Write reports or articles for Web sites or newsletters related to environmental engineering issues.
Serve as liaison with federal, state, or local agencies or officials on issues pertaining to solid or hazardous waste program requirements.

Job Duties: Electrical and Electronic Engineering Technologists and Technicians

Read blueprints, wiring diagrams, schematic drawings, or engineering instructions for assembling electronics units, applying knowledge of electronic theory and components.

Modify, maintain, or repair electronics equipment or systems to ensure proper functioning.
Replace defective components or parts, using hand tools and precision instruments.
Set up and operate specialized or standard test equipment to diagnose, test, or analyze the performance of electronic components, assemblies, or systems.
Identify and resolve equipment malfunctions, working with manufacturers or field representatives as necessary to procure replacement parts.
Assemble electrical systems or prototypes, using hand tools or measuring instruments.
Review electrical engineering plans to ensure adherence to design specifications and compliance with applicable electrical codes and standards.
Assemble, test, or maintain circuitry or electronic components, according to engineering instructions, technical manuals, or knowledge of electronics, using hand or power tools.
Review existing electrical engineering criteria to identify necessary revisions, deletions, or amendments to outdated material.
Maintain system logs or manuals to document testing or operation of equipment.
Select electronics equipment, components, or systems to meet functional specifications.
Calculate design specifications or cost, material, and resource estimates, and prepare project schedules and budgets.
Educate equipment operators on the proper use of equipment.
Supervise the installation or operation of electronic equipment or systems.
Compile and maintain records documenting engineering schematics, installed equipment, installation or operational problems, resources used, repairs, or corrective action performed.
Modify electrical prototypes, parts, assemblies, or systems to correct functional deviations.
Integrate software or hardware components, using computer, microprocessor, or control architecture.
Procure parts and maintain inventory and related documentation.
Participate in training or continuing education activities to stay abreast of engineering or industry advances.
Research equipment or component needs, sources, competitive prices, delivery times, or ongoing operational costs.
Provide user applications or engineering support or recommendations for new or existing equipment with regard to installation, upgrades, or enhancements.
Specify, coordinate, or conduct quality control or quality assurance programs or procedures.
Produce electronics drawings or other graphics representing industrial control, instrumentation, sensors, or analog or digital telecommunications networks, using computer-aided design (CAD) software.
Install or maintain electrical control systems, industrial automation systems, or electrical equipment, including control circuits, variable speed drives, or programmable logic controllers.
Design or modify engineering schematics for electrical transmission and distribution systems or for electrical installation in residential, commercial, or industrial buildings, using computer-aided design (CAD) software.
Interpret test information to resolve design-related problems.
Conduct statistical studies to analyze or compare production costs for sustainable or nonsustainable designs.
Construct and evaluate electrical components for consumer electronics applications such as fuel cells for consumer electronic devices, power saving devices for computers or televisions, or energy efficient power chargers.
Participate in the development or testing of electrical aspects of new green technologies, such as lighting, optical data storage devices, and energy efficient televisions.
Review, develop, or prepare maintenance standards.
Read blueprints, wiring diagrams, schematic drawings, or engineering instructions for assembling electronics units, applying knowledge of electronic theory and components.

Job Duties: Microsystems Engineers

Communicate operating characteristics or performance experience to other engineers or designers for training or new product development purposes.

Create schematics and physical layouts of integrated microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) components or packaged assemblies consistent with process, functional, or package constraints.
Investigate characteristics such as cost, performance, or process capability of potential microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) device designs, using simulation or modeling software.
Create or maintain formal engineering documents, such as schematics, bills of materials, components or materials specifications, or packaging requirements.
Conduct analyses addressing issues such as failure, reliability, or yield improvement.
Plan or schedule engineering research or development projects involving microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technology.
Propose product designs involving microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technology, considering market data or customer requirements.
Develop formal documentation for microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) devices, including quality assurance guidance, quality control protocols, process control checklists, data collection, or reporting.
Evaluate materials, fabrication methods, joining methods, surface treatments, or packaging to ensure acceptable processing, performance, cost, sustainability, or availability.
Refine final microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) design to optimize design for target dimensions, physical tolerances, or processing constraints.
Conduct harsh environmental testing, accelerated aging, device characterization, or field trials to validate devices, using inspection tools, testing protocols, peripheral instrumentation, or modeling and simulation software.
Develop or file intellectual property and patent disclosure or application documents related to microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) devices, products, or systems.
Conduct or oversee the conduct of prototype development or microfabrication activities to ensure compliance to specifications and promote effective production processes.
Conduct experimental or virtual studies to investigate characteristics and processing principles of potential microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technology.
Devise microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) production methods, such as integrated circuit fabrication, lithographic electroform modeling, or micromachining.
Develop or validate specialized materials characterization procedures, such as thermal withstand, fatigue, notch sensitivity, abrasion, or hardness tests.
Validate fabrication processes for microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), using statistical process control implementation, virtual process simulations, data mining, or life testing.
Demonstrate miniaturized systems that contain components, such as microsensors, microactuators, or integrated electronic circuits, fabricated on silicon or silicon carbide wafers.
Manage new product introduction projects to ensure effective deployment of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) devices or applications.
Conduct acceptance tests, vendor-qualification protocols, surveys, audits, corrective-action reviews, or performance monitoring of incoming materials or components to ensure conformance to specifications.
Develop or implement microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) processing tools, fixtures, gages, dies, molds, or trays.
Develop customer documentation, such as performance specifications, training manuals, or operating instructions.
Identify, procure, or develop test equipment, instrumentation, or facilities for characterization of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) applications.
Develop or validate product-specific test protocols, acceptance thresholds, or inspection tools for quality control testing or performance measurement.
Oversee operation of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) fabrication or assembly equipment, such as handling, singulation, assembly, wire-bonding, soldering, or package sealing.
Consider environmental issues when proposing product designs involving microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technology.
Design or develop energy products using nanomaterials or nanoprocesses, such as micro-nano machining.
Design or develop industrial air quality microsystems, such as carbon dioxide fixing devices.
Design or develop sensors to reduce the energy or resource requirements to operate appliances, such as washing machines or dishwashing machines.
Design sensors or switches that require little or no power to operate for environmental monitoring or industrial metering applications.
Research or develop emerging microelectromechanical (MEMS) systems to convert nontraditional energy sources into power, such as ambient energy harvesters that convert environmental vibrations into usable energy.
Communicate operating characteristics or performance experience to other engineers or designers for training or new product development purposes.