Details Report for:
47-2152.00 - Plumbers, Pipefitters, and Steamfitters

Assemble, install, alter, and repair pipelines or pipe systems that carry water, steam, air, or other liquids or gases. May install heating and cooling equipment and mechanical control systems. Includes sprinkler fitters.

Sample of reported job titles: Drain Technician, Fire Sprinkler Service Technician, Pipe Fitter, Pipe Welder, Pipefitter, Plumber, Residential Plumber, Service Plumber, Sprinkler Fitter, Steamfitter

Also see: Solar Thermal Installers and Technicians

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Tasks Save Table (XLS/CSV)

Importance	Category	Task
86	Core	Cut, thread, or hammer pipes to specifications, using tools such as saws, cutting torches, pipe threaders, or pipe benders.
85	Core	Lay out full scale drawings of pipe systems, supports, or related equipment, according to blueprints.
81	Core	Inspect, examine, or test installed systems or pipe lines, using pressure gauge, hydrostatic testing, observation, or other methods.
80	Core	Plan pipe system layout, installation, or repair, according to specifications.
80	Core	Attach pipes to walls, structures, or fixtures, such as radiators or tanks, using brackets, clamps, tools, or welding equipment.
79	Core	Modify, clean, or maintain pipe systems, units, fittings, or related machines or equipment, using hand or power tools.
79	Core	Select pipe sizes, types, or related materials, such as supports, hangers, or hydraulic cylinders, according to specifications.
75	Core	Assemble pipe sections, tubing, or fittings, using couplings, clamps, screws, bolts, cement, plastic solvent, caulking, or soldering, brazing, or welding equipment.
74	Core	Install pipe assemblies, fittings, valves, appliances such as dishwashers or water heaters, or fixtures such as sinks or toilets, using hand or power tools.
73	Core	Install automatic controls to regulate pipe systems.
73	Core	Shut off steam, water, or other gases or liquids from pipe sections, using valve keys or wrenches.
70	Core	Keep records of work assignments.
69	Core	Direct helpers engaged in pipe cutting, preassembly, or installation of plumbing systems or components.
69	Core	Fill pipes or plumbing fixtures with water or air and observe pressure gauges to detect and locate leaks.
69	Core	Maintain or repair plumbing by replacing defective washers, replacing or mending broken pipes, or opening clogged drains.
67	Core	Locate and mark the position of pipe installations, connections, passage holes, or fixtures in structures, using measuring instruments such as rulers or levels.
65	Core	Review blueprints, building codes, or specifications to determine work details or procedures.
61	Core	Anchor steel supports from ceiling joists to hold pipes in place.
61	Core	Estimate time, material, or labor costs for use in project plans.
61	Core	Install underground storm, sanitary, or water piping systems, extending piping as needed to connect fixtures and plumbing.
61	Core	Inspect structures to assess material or equipment needs, to establish the sequence of pipe installations, or to plan installation around obstructions, such as electrical wiring.
58	Core	Install green plumbing equipment, such as faucet flow restrictors, dual-flush or pressure-assisted flush toilets, or tankless hot water heaters.
56	Core	Cut openings in structures to accommodate pipes or pipe fittings, using hand or power tools.
72	Supplemental	Inspect work sites for obstructions or holes that could cause structural weakness.
69	Supplemental	Install fixtures, appliances, or equipment designed to reduce water or energy consumption.
64	Supplemental	Install pipe systems to support alternative energy-fueled systems, such as geothermal heating or cooling systems.
57	Supplemental	Weld small pipes or special piping, using specialized techniques, equipment, or materials, such as computer-assisted welding or microchip fabrication.
56	Supplemental	Operate motorized pumps to remove water from flooded manholes, basements, or facility floors.
Not available	Not available	Repair hydraulic or air pumps.
Not available	Not available	Repair or remove and replace system components.

Find occupations related to multiple tasks

Technology Skills Save Table (XLS/CSV)

Accounting software — Bookkeeping software; Intuit QuickBooks ; Intuit Quicken; KRS Enterprises Service First! (see all 5 examples)
Analytical or scientific software — Bentley Systems AutoPIPE; COADE CAESAR II; Quote Software QuoteExpress; Watter Hammer Software Hytran (see all 11 examples)
Computer aided design CAD software — AEC Design Group CADPIPE; Drawing and drafting software; Horizon Engineering Sigma Plumbing Calculator; ViziFlow (see all 7 examples)
Data base user interface and query software — Database software; Insight Direct ServiceCEO; PricePoint; Wintac Pro
Electronic mail software — Email software
Facilities management software — Maintenance management software
Internet browser software
Office suite software — Microsoft Office
Project management software — Estimating software; FastEST FastPipe; Piping construction costs estimation software; Vision InfoSoft Plumbing Bid Manager (see all 5 examples)
Spreadsheet software — Microsoft Excel ; PipingOffice
Web platform development software — Microsoft Active Server Pages ASP
Word processing software — Atlas Construction Business Forms; Contractor City Contractor Forms Pack; Microsoft Word ; Wilhelm Publishing Threshold

Hot Technology — a technology requirement frequently included in employer job postings.

Tools Used Save Table (XLS/CSV)

Adjustable widemouth pliers — Water pump pliers
Adjustable wrenches — Adjustable slip lock nut wrenches
Air compressors
Alternating current AC arc welder — Alternating current AC welding equipment
Augers
Backhoes
Ball peen hammer — Ball peen hammers
Bandsaw wheel — Bandsaws; Vertical bandsaws
Bench vises — Bench chain vises; Bench yoke vises; Tristand chain vises
Blocks or pulleys — Block and tackle equipment; Pulleys
Blow torch — Acetylene torches; Air-acetylene torches; Butane torches; Cutting torches (see all 5 examples)
Bolt cutters
Box end wrenches — Ratcheting box wrenches
Calipers
Caulking guns
Circuit tracers — Wire tracers
Claw hammer — Claw hammers
Cold chisels
Conventional truck cranes — Truck cranes
Cutting die — Metal cutting dies
Deburring tool — Deburring tools
Demolition hammers — Pavement stompers; Power hammers
Depth gauges — Pit depth gauges
Desktop computers
Detection apparatus for non metallic objects — Inductive clamps; Line locators; Transmitters
Dewatering pumps — Utility pumps
Diagonal cut pliers — Diagonal cutting pliers
Digital camcorders or video cameras — Video diagnostic tools
Direct current DC arc welder
Drain or pipe cleaning equipment — Drain cleaning cables; Hand spinners; Power sink machine drain cleaners; Toilet augers (see all 9 examples)
Drain or toilet plunger — Plungers
Drill press or radial drill — Drill presses
Dump trucks
Explosimeters
Flow sensors — Flow gauges
Fluid regulators — Pipe freezing kits; Water stoppers
Forklifts
Gas detectors — Gas leak detection devices
Gas generators — Generators
Gas welding or brazing or cutting apparatus — Oxyacetylene welding equipment; Plasma cutting guides; Torch cutter guides
Hacksaw — Hacksaws; Hand hacksaws; Mini hacksaws; Power hacksaws
Hammer drills — Rotary hammers
Hammers
Hand reamer — Inner/outer reamers; Reamers
Heat guns
Hex keys — Allen wrenches; Hex wrenches
Hoists — Chain falls; Tirfors; Tuggers
Hole saws — Hole cutting tools
Hose cutter — Gasket cutters
Hydraulic truck cranes — Hydraulic cranes
Impact hammers
Impact wrenches — Hydraulic valve turners
Inspection mirror — Telescopic inspection mirrors
Jacks — Pipeline jacks
Ladders
Laser measuring systems — Laser alignment tools; Pipe lasers
Laser printers
Leak testing equipment — Trutest smoke detectors
Level sensors or transmitters — Transit levels
Levels — Laser levels; Pocket levels; Torpedo levels; Two-hole pins (see all 8 examples)
Light trucks or sport utility vehicles — Light pickup trucks
Liquid leak detectors — Leak-testing gauges; Ultrasonic leak detectors
Locking pliers — Channel lock pliers; Vise grip pliers
Manlift or personnel lift — Manlifts
Metal detectors — Magnetic locators; Null locators; Rebar locators
Metal inert gas welding machine — Metal inert gas MIG welders
Metal markers or holders — Centering head tools; Magnetic circle layout tools; Radius markers
Micrometers — Quality control QC welders' gauges
Mill saw file — Single-cut mill saw files
Moisture meters
Mud pumps
Notebook computers
Nut drivers — Universal nut wrenches
Offset socket wrenches — Hollow core socket wrenches
Ohmmeters
Oil gun — Oilers
Open end wrenches — Crescent wrenches
Personal computers
Personal digital assistant PDAs or organizers — Personal digital assistants PDA
Pipe bending mandrel — Pipe bending mandrels
Pipe bending tools — Manual pipe benders; Tube bending springs
Pipe extractors
Pipe or tube cutter — Pipe cutters; Power pipe cutters; Ratcheting polyvinyl chloride PVC cutters; Tubing cutters (see all 10 examples)
Pipe reamer — Spiral ratchet pipe reamers; Straight-fluted pipe reamers
Pipe vises — Pipe welding vises; Stands; Tripod vises; Welding clamps
Pipe wrenches — End pipe wrenches; Offset pipe wrenches; Straight pipe wrenches
Plumb bobs
Pneumatic grinders — Air operated grinders; Angle air grinders; Pneumatic pipe bevelers
Pneumatic hammer — Jackhammers
Power drills — Direct tap machines; Right-angle drills
Power flaring tool — Flaring tools; Pipe flaring tools
Power grinders — Offset grinders; Pedestal grinders; Portable grinders; Seat dressers (see all 5 examples)
Power saws — Circular saws; Reciprocating saws
Pressure indicators — Air pressure gauges; Heavy duty water pressure gauges; Maximum reading water pressure gauges; Pressure gauges (see all 7 examples)
Pressure or steam cleaners — Rodders; Root ranger jetter nozzles; Water jetters
Pry bars — Crowbars
Pullers — Compression sleeve pullers; Faucet handle pullers; Faucet stem and cartridge pullers; Tub drain removers
Rasps
Ratchets — Jam-proof ratchet threaders; Manual ratchet threader sets
Safety harnesses or belts — Safety harnesses
Saws — Metal hand saws
Scaffolding
Screwdrivers — Flat blade screwdrivers; Flat head screwdrivers; Impact screwdrivers; Phillips head screwdrivers
Sewage pumps
Shears — Pipe fabrication shears
Sheet metal grooving machine — Roll groovers
Shielded metal arc welding or stick welding machine — Shielded arc welding tools
Skid steer loaders — Skip loaders
Slings — Material-hoisting slings
Slip or groove joint pliers — Slip joint pliers
Soldering iron — Soldering equipment
Specialty wrenches — Chain wrenches; Spud wrenches; Strainer wrenches; Water heater element removal wrenches (see all 21 examples)
Spot welding machine — Portable welding machines; Welders
Square file — Thread repair files
Squares — Combination squares; Framing squares
Staple guns
Strap wrenches — Nylon strap wrenches; Rubber strap wrenches
Sump pumps
Swaging tools
Tablet computers
Tachometers — Hand tachometers
Tape measures — Measuring tapes
Tapping machine attachment — Tapping tools
Taps — Metal cutting taps
Thermographs — Non-contact infrared thermometers
Threading die — Threading machine die heads
Threading dies — Drophead dies; Pipe threaders; Plastic pipe/conduit die heads
Threading machine — Pipe threading machines; Power pipe threading machines; Receding threaders; Three-way pipe threaders
Threading taps — Pipe taps
Tinners snips — Tin snips
Tongs — Chain tongs
Torque wrenches — No hub torque wrenches
Torx keys — Four-in-one keys; Shut-off keys; Water meter keys
Tracer or duplicating or contouring lathe — Lathes
Trenching machines — Trenchers
Tube end finisher — Tube crimping tools
Tungsten inert gas welding machine — Tungsten inert gas TIG welding equipment
Two way radios
Utility knives
Vacuum gauges
Vibration testers — Vibration analyzers
Voltage or current meters — Amp meters
Water pumps
Water samplers
Welder torch — Brazing equipment
Welding masks — Welding hoods
Wheel loaders — Loaders
Winches
Wire brushes — Air wire brushes; Pneumatic wire brushes
Wire or cable cutter — Cable saws

Knowledge Save Table (XLS/CSV)

Importance		Knowledge
81		Mechanical — Knowledge of machines and tools, including their designs, uses, repair, and maintenance.
77		Building and Construction — Knowledge of materials, methods, and the tools involved in the construction or repair of houses, buildings, or other structures such as highways and roads.
67		Design — Knowledge of design techniques, tools, and principles involved in production of precision technical plans, blueprints, drawings, and models.
61		Mathematics — Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their applications.
57		English Language — Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition, and grammar.
55		Public Safety and Security — Knowledge of relevant equipment, policies, procedures, and strategies to promote effective local, state, or national security operations for the protection of people, data, property, and institutions.
53		Customer and Personal Service — Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal services. This includes customer needs assessment, meeting quality standards for services, and evaluation of customer satisfaction.
51		Engineering and Technology — Knowledge of the practical application of engineering science and technology. This includes applying principles, techniques, procedures, and equipment to the design and production of various goods and services.
47		Education and Training — Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and training design, teaching and instruction for individuals and groups, and the measurement of training effects.
44		Physics — Knowledge and prediction of physical principles, laws, their interrelationships, and applications to understanding fluid, material, and atmospheric dynamics, and mechanical, electrical, atomic and sub- atomic structures and processes.
41		Administration and Management — Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, resource allocation, human resources modeling, leadership technique, production methods, and coordination of people and resources.
38		Law and Government — Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court procedures, precedents, government regulations, executive orders, agency rules, and the democratic political process.
36		Production and Processing — Knowledge of raw materials, production processes, quality control, costs, and other techniques for maximizing the effective manufacture and distribution of goods.
36		Transportation — Knowledge of principles and methods for moving people or goods by air, rail, sea, or road, including the relative costs and benefits.
32		Chemistry — Knowledge of the chemical composition, structure, and properties of substances and of the chemical processes and transformations that they undergo. This includes uses of chemicals and their interactions, danger signs, production techniques, and disposal methods.
31		Personnel and Human Resources — Knowledge of principles and procedures for personnel recruitment, selection, training, compensation and benefits, labor relations and negotiation, and personnel information systems.
26		Computers and Electronics — Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and computer hardware and software, including applications and programming.
25		Clerical — Knowledge of administrative and clerical procedures and systems such as word processing, managing files and records, stenography and transcription, designing forms, and other office procedures and terminology.
23		Sales and Marketing — Knowledge of principles and methods for showing, promoting, and selling products or services. This includes marketing strategy and tactics, product demonstration, sales techniques, and sales control systems.
21		Psychology — Knowledge of human behavior and performance; individual differences in ability, personality, and interests; learning and motivation; psychological research methods; and the assessment and treatment of behavioral and affective disorders.
19		Communications and Media — Knowledge of media production, communication, and dissemination techniques and methods. This includes alternative ways to inform and entertain via written, oral, and visual media.
19		Economics and Accounting — Knowledge of economic and accounting principles and practices, the financial markets, banking and the analysis and reporting of financial data.
16		Telecommunications — Knowledge of transmission, broadcasting, switching, control, and operation of telecommunications systems.
15		Biology — Knowledge of plant and animal organisms, their tissues, cells, functions, interdependencies, and interactions with each other and the environment.
13		Geography — Knowledge of principles and methods for describing the features of land, sea, and air masses, including their physical characteristics, locations, interrelationships, and distribution of plant, animal, and human life.
13		Medicine and Dentistry — Knowledge of the information and techniques needed to diagnose and treat human injuries, diseases, and deformities. This includes symptoms, treatment alternatives, drug properties and interactions, and preventive health-care measures.
10		Food Production — Knowledge of techniques and equipment for planting, growing, and harvesting food products (both plant and animal) for consumption, including storage/handling techniques.
10		Philosophy and Theology — Knowledge of different philosophical systems and religions. This includes their basic principles, values, ethics, ways of thinking, customs, practices, and their impact on human culture.
10		Therapy and Counseling — Knowledge of principles, methods, and procedures for diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of physical and mental dysfunctions, and for career counseling and guidance.
9		Sociology and Anthropology — Knowledge of group behavior and dynamics, societal trends and influences, human migrations, ethnicity, cultures and their history and origins.
7		Foreign Language — Knowledge of the structure and content of a foreign (non-English) language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition and grammar, and pronunciation.
5		History and Archeology — Knowledge of historical events and their causes, indicators, and effects on civilizations and cultures.
4		Fine Arts — Knowledge of the theory and techniques required to compose, produce, and perform works of music, dance, visual arts, drama, and sculpture.

Skills Save Table (XLS/CSV)

Importance		Skill
59		Critical Thinking — Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclusions or approaches to problems.
55		Active Listening — Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand the points being made, asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times.
53		Judgment and Decision Making — Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the most appropriate one.
53		Speaking — Talking to others to convey information effectively.
52		Complex Problem Solving — Identifying complex problems and reviewing related information to develop and evaluate options and implement solutions.
52		Operation Monitoring — Watching gauges, dials, or other indicators to make sure a machine is working properly.
52		Quality Control Analysis — Conducting tests and inspections of products, services, or processes to evaluate quality or performance.
52		Reading Comprehension — Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work related documents.
52		Time Management — Managing one's own time and the time of others.
50		Active Learning — Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future problem-solving and decision-making.
50		Coordination — Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions.
50		Monitoring — Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organizations to make improvements or take corrective action.
49		Instructing — Teaching others how to do something.
49		Repairing — Repairing machines or systems using the needed tools.
49		Service Orientation — Actively looking for ways to help people.
49		Troubleshooting — Determining causes of operating errors and deciding what to do about it.
47		Equipment Maintenance — Performing routine maintenance on equipment and determining when and what kind of maintenance is needed.
47		Operation and Control — Controlling operations of equipment or systems.
47		Social Perceptiveness — Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react as they do.
45		Management of Personnel Resources — Motivating, developing, and directing people as they work, identifying the best people for the job.
44		Systems Analysis — Determining how a system should work and how changes in conditions, operations, and the environment will affect outcomes.
42		Learning Strategies — Selecting and using training/instructional methods and procedures appropriate for the situation when learning or teaching new things.
42		Systems Evaluation — Identifying measures or indicators of system performance and the actions needed to improve or correct performance, relative to the goals of the system.
38		Negotiation — Bringing others together and trying to reconcile differences.
38		Persuasion — Persuading others to change their minds or behavior.
38		Writing — Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audience.
36		Mathematics — Using mathematics to solve problems.
35		Equipment Selection — Determining the kind of tools and equipment needed to do a job.
35		Installation — Installing equipment, machines, wiring, or programs to meet specifications.
27		Operations Analysis — Analyzing needs and product requirements to create a design.
24		Management of Material Resources — Obtaining and seeing to the appropriate use of equipment, facilities, and materials needed to do certain work.
24		Technology Design — Generating or adapting equipment and technology to serve user needs.
19		Management of Financial Resources — Determining how money will be spent to get the work done, and accounting for these expenditures.
14		Science — Using scientific rules and methods to solve problems.
2		Programming — Writing computer programs for various purposes.

Abilities Save Table (XLS/CSV)

Importance		Ability
69		Near Vision — The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).
67		Problem Sensitivity — The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does not involve solving the problem, only recognizing there is a problem.
66		Arm-Hand Steadiness — The ability to keep your hand and arm steady while moving your arm or while holding your arm and hand in one position.
66		Manual Dexterity — The ability to quickly move your hand, your hand together with your arm, or your two hands to grasp, manipulate, or assemble objects.
64		Multilimb Coordination — The ability to coordinate two or more limbs (for example, two arms, two legs, or one leg and one arm) while sitting, standing, or lying down. It does not involve performing the activities while the whole body is in motion.
64		Oral Comprehension — The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through spoken words and sentences.
63		Control Precision — The ability to quickly and repeatedly adjust the controls of a machine or a vehicle to exact positions.
61		Deductive Reasoning — The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that make sense.
61		Finger Dexterity — The ability to make precisely coordinated movements of the fingers of one or both hands to grasp, manipulate, or assemble very small objects.
61		Visualization — The ability to imagine how something will look after it is moved around or when its parts are moved or rearranged.
59		Extent Flexibility — The ability to bend, stretch, twist, or reach with your body, arms, and/or legs.
58		Inductive Reasoning — The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusions (includes finding a relationship among seemingly unrelated events).
55		Information Ordering — The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according to a specific rule or set of rules (e.g., patterns of numbers, letters, words, pictures, mathematical operations).
53		Oral Expression — The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will understand.
53		Trunk Strength — The ability to use your abdominal and lower back muscles to support part of the body repeatedly or continuously over time without 'giving out' or fatiguing.
53		Written Comprehension — The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.
52		Gross Body Equilibrium — The ability to keep or regain your body balance or stay upright when in an unstable position.
52		Selective Attention — The ability to concentrate on a task over a period of time without being distracted.
52		Speech Clarity — The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you.
52		Speech Recognition — The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person.
50		Category Flexibility — The ability to generate or use different sets of rules for combining or grouping things in different ways.
50		Fluency of Ideas — The ability to come up with a number of ideas about a topic (the number of ideas is important, not their quality, correctness, or creativity).
50		Static Strength — The ability to exert maximum muscle force to lift, push, pull, or carry objects.
49		Depth Perception — The ability to judge which of several objects is closer or farther away from you, or to judge the distance between you and an object.
49		Flexibility of Closure — The ability to identify or detect a known pattern (a figure, object, word, or sound) that is hidden in other distracting material.
49		Gross Body Coordination — The ability to coordinate the movement of your arms, legs, and torso together when the whole body is in motion.
49		Originality — The ability to come up with unusual or clever ideas about a given topic or situation, or to develop creative ways to solve a problem.
49		Perceptual Speed — The ability to quickly and accurately compare similarities and differences among sets of letters, numbers, objects, pictures, or patterns. The things to be compared may be presented at the same time or one after the other. This ability also includes comparing a presented object with a remembered object.
47		Far Vision — The ability to see details at a distance.
47		Written Expression — The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will understand.
45		Auditory Attention — The ability to focus on a single source of sound in the presence of other distracting sounds.
44		Reaction Time — The ability to quickly respond (with the hand, finger, or foot) to a signal (sound, light, picture) when it appears.
44		Speed of Closure — The ability to quickly make sense of, combine, and organize information into meaningful patterns.
44		Time Sharing — The ability to shift back and forth between two or more activities or sources of information (such as speech, sounds, touch, or other sources).
44		Visual Color Discrimination — The ability to match or detect differences between colors, including shades of color and brightness.
42		Number Facility — The ability to add, subtract, multiply, or divide quickly and correctly.
41		Response Orientation — The ability to choose quickly between two or more movements in response to two or more different signals (lights, sounds, pictures). It includes the speed with which the correct response is started with the hand, foot, or other body part.
39		Hearing Sensitivity — The ability to detect or tell the differences between sounds that vary in pitch and loudness.
39		Mathematical Reasoning — The ability to choose the right mathematical methods or formulas to solve a problem.
38		Dynamic Strength — The ability to exert muscle force repeatedly or continuously over time. This involves muscular endurance and resistance to muscle fatigue.
38		Stamina — The ability to exert yourself physically over long periods of time without getting winded or out of breath.
33		Rate Control — The ability to time your movements or the movement of a piece of equipment in anticipation of changes in the speed and/or direction of a moving object or scene.
33		Spatial Orientation — The ability to know your location in relation to the environment or to know where other objects are in relation to you.
31		Speed of Limb Movement — The ability to quickly move the arms and legs.
30		Wrist-Finger Speed — The ability to make fast, simple, repeated movements of the fingers, hands, and wrists.
27		Memorization — The ability to remember information such as words, numbers, pictures, and procedures.
25		Glare Sensitivity — The ability to see objects in the presence of glare or bright lighting.
25		Peripheral Vision — The ability to see objects or movement of objects to one's side when the eyes are looking ahead.
22		Night Vision — The ability to see under low light conditions.
20		Sound Localization — The ability to tell the direction from which a sound originated.
10		Explosive Strength — The ability to use short bursts of muscle force to propel oneself (as in jumping or sprinting), or to throw an object.
8		Dynamic Flexibility — The ability to quickly and repeatedly bend, stretch, twist, or reach out with your body, arms, and/or legs.

Work Activities Save Table (XLS/CSV)

Importance		Work Activity
78		Performing General Physical Activities — Performing physical activities that require considerable use of your arms and legs and moving your whole body, such as climbing, lifting, balancing, walking, stooping, and handling of materials.
75		Getting Information — Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sources.
75		Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Material — Inspecting equipment, structures, or materials to identify the cause of errors or other problems or defects.
74		Handling and Moving Objects — Using hands and arms in handling, installing, positioning, and moving materials, and manipulating things.
74		Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events — Identifying information by categorizing, estimating, recognizing differences or similarities, and detecting changes in circumstances or events.
73		Making Decisions and Solving Problems — Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and solve problems.
66		Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards — Using relevant information and individual judgment to determine whether events or processes comply with laws, regulations, or standards.
65		Controlling Machines and Processes — Using either control mechanisms or direct physical activity to operate machines or processes (not including computers or vehicles).
63		Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates — Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone, in written form, e-mail, or in person.
63		Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment — Running, maneuvering, navigating, or driving vehicles or mechanized equipment, such as forklifts, passenger vehicles, aircraft, or water craft.
62		Monitor Processes, Materials, or Surroundings — Monitoring and reviewing information from materials, events, or the environment, to detect or assess problems.
60		Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge — Keeping up-to-date technically and applying new knowledge to your job.
58		Repairing and Maintaining Mechanical Equipment — Servicing, repairing, adjusting, and testing machines, devices, moving parts, and equipment that operate primarily on the basis of mechanical (not electronic) principles.
56		Coordinating the Work and Activities of Others — Getting members of a group to work together to accomplish tasks.
55		Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work — Developing specific goals and plans to prioritize, organize, and accomplish your work.
55		Thinking Creatively — Developing, designing, or creating new applications, ideas, relationships, systems, or products, including artistic contributions.
54		Judging the Qualities of Things, Services, or People — Assessing the value, importance, or quality of things or people.
52		Processing Information — Compiling, coding, categorizing, calculating, tabulating, auditing, or verifying information or data.
52		Scheduling Work and Activities — Scheduling events, programs, and activities, as well as the work of others.
51		Training and Teaching Others — Identifying the educational needs of others, developing formal educational or training programs or classes, and teaching or instructing others.
48		Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships — Developing constructive and cooperative working relationships with others, and maintaining them over time.
47		Communicating with Persons Outside Organization — Communicating with people outside the organization, representing the organization to customers, the public, government, and other external sources. This information can be exchanged in person, in writing, or by telephone or e-mail.
47		Estimating the Quantifiable Characteristics of Products, Events, or Information — Estimating sizes, distances, and quantities; or determining time, costs, resources, or materials needed to perform a work activity.
47		Performing for or Working Directly with the Public — Performing for people or dealing directly with the public. This includes serving customers in restaurants and stores, and receiving clients or guests.
46		Drafting, Laying Out, and Specifying Technical Devices, Parts, and Equipment — Providing documentation, detailed instructions, drawings, or specifications to tell others about how devices, parts, equipment, or structures are to be fabricated, constructed, assembled, modified, maintained, or used.
43		Developing Objectives and Strategies — Establishing long-range objectives and specifying the strategies and actions to achieve them.
42		Analyzing Data or Information — Identifying the underlying principles, reasons, or facts of information by breaking down information or data into separate parts.
41		Developing and Building Teams — Encouraging and building mutual trust, respect, and cooperation among team members.
41		Interpreting the Meaning of Information for Others — Translating or explaining what information means and how it can be used.
41		Resolving Conflicts and Negotiating with Others — Handling complaints, settling disputes, and resolving grievances and conflicts, or otherwise negotiating with others.
40		Coaching and Developing Others — Identifying the developmental needs of others and coaching, mentoring, or otherwise helping others to improve their knowledge or skills.
40		Guiding, Directing, and Motivating Subordinates — Providing guidance and direction to subordinates, including setting performance standards and monitoring performance.
36		Provide Consultation and Advice to Others — Providing guidance and expert advice to management or other groups on technical, systems-, or process-related topics.
35		Assisting and Caring for Others — Providing personal assistance, medical attention, emotional support, or other personal care to others such as coworkers, customers, or patients.
33		Documenting/Recording Information — Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information in written or electronic/magnetic form.
32		Monitoring and Controlling Resources — Monitoring and controlling resources and overseeing the spending of money.
30		Selling or Influencing Others — Convincing others to buy merchandise/goods or to otherwise change their minds or actions.
26		Performing Administrative Activities — Performing day-to-day administrative tasks such as maintaining information files and processing paperwork.
21		Repairing and Maintaining Electronic Equipment — Servicing, repairing, calibrating, regulating, fine-tuning, or testing machines, devices, and equipment that operate primarily on the basis of electrical or electronic (not mechanical) principles.
16		Staffing Organizational Units — Recruiting, interviewing, selecting, hiring, and promoting employees in an organization.
15		Interacting With Computers — Using computers and computer systems (including hardware and software) to program, write software, set up functions, enter data, or process information.

Detailed Work Activities Save Table (XLS/CSV)

Cut metal components for installation.
Fabricate parts or components.
Create construction or installation diagrams.
Inspect plumbing systems or fixtures.
Install plumbing or piping.
Weld metal components.
Plan layout of construction, installation, or repairs.
Maintain plumbing structures or fixtures.
Clean equipment or facilities.
Select construction materials.
Install gauges or controls.
Inspect work sites to identify potential environmental or safety hazards.
Record operational or environmental data.
Install green plumbing or water handling systems.
Direct construction or extraction personnel.
Mark reference points on construction materials.
Measure materials or objects for installation or assembly.
Review blueprints or specifications to determine work requirements.
Estimate construction project costs.
Estimate construction project labor requirements.
Inspect work sites to determine condition or necessary repairs.
Cut openings in existing structures.
Operate pumps or compressors.
Repair worn, damaged, or defective mechanical parts.
Remove parts or components from equipment.
Replace worn, damaged, or defective mechanical parts.

Find occupations related to multiple detailed work activities

Work Context Save Table (XLS/CSV)

Context		Work Context
91		Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls — How much does this job require using your hands to handle, control, or feel objects, tools or controls?
90		Face-to-Face Discussions — How often do you have to have face-to-face discussions with individuals or teams in this job?
88		Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets — How much does this job require wearing common protective or safety equipment such as safety shoes, glasses, gloves, hard hats or life jackets?
85		Spend Time Standing — How much does this job require standing?
84		Exposed to Contaminants — How often does this job require working exposed to contaminants (such as pollutants, gases, dust or odors)?
83		Contact With Others — How much does this job require the worker to be in contact with others (face-to-face, by telephone, or otherwise) in order to perform it?
80		Importance of Being Exact or Accurate — How important is being very exact or highly accurate in performing this job?
80		Telephone — How often do you have telephone conversations in this job?
79		Exposed to Minor Burns, Cuts, Bites, or Stings — How often does this job require exposure to minor burns, cuts, bites, or stings?
79		Freedom to Make Decisions — How much decision making freedom, without supervision, does the job offer?
79		Sounds, Noise Levels Are Distracting or Uncomfortable — How often does this job require working exposed to sounds and noise levels that are distracting or uncomfortable?
78		Structured versus Unstructured Work — To what extent is this job structured for the worker, rather than allowing the worker to determine tasks, priorities, and goals?
77		Exposed to Hazardous Equipment — How often does this job require exposure to hazardous equipment?
76		Frequency of Decision Making — How frequently is the worker required to make decisions that affect other people, the financial resources, and/or the image and reputation of the organization?
76		Responsible for Others' Health and Safety — How much responsibility is there for the health and safety of others in this job?
76		Time Pressure — How often does this job require the worker to meet strict deadlines?
75		Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results — What results do your decisions usually have on other people or the image or reputation or financial resources of your employer?
75		Very Hot or Cold Temperatures — How often does this job require working in very hot (above 90 F degrees) or very cold (below 32 F degrees) temperatures?
74		Work With Work Group or Team — How important is it to work with others in a group or team in this job?
73		Cramped Work Space, Awkward Positions — How often does this job require working in cramped work spaces that requires getting into awkward positions?
73		Responsibility for Outcomes and Results — How responsible is the worker for work outcomes and results of other workers?
73		Spend Time Bending or Twisting the Body — How much does this job require bending or twisting your body?
70		Spend Time Walking and Running — How much does this job require walking and running?
68		Exposed to High Places — How often does this job require exposure to high places?
68		Extremely Bright or Inadequate Lighting — How often does this job require working in extremely bright or inadequate lighting conditions?
68		Indoors, Not Environmentally Controlled — How often does this job require working indoors in non-controlled environmental conditions (e.g., warehouse without heat)?
67		Physical Proximity — To what extent does this job require the worker to perform job tasks in close physical proximity to other people?
65		Outdoors, Exposed to Weather — How often does this job require working outdoors, exposed to all weather conditions?
65		Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions — How much does this job require making repetitive motions?
62		Coordinate or Lead Others — How important is it to coordinate or lead others in accomplishing work activities in this job?
61		Consequence of Error — How serious would the result usually be if the worker made a mistake that was not readily correctable?
58		Indoors, Environmentally Controlled — How often does this job require working indoors in environmentally controlled conditions?
57		Spend Time Climbing Ladders, Scaffolds, or Poles — How much does this job require climbing ladders, scaffolds, or poles?
53		Exposed to Hazardous Conditions — How often does this job require exposure to hazardous conditions?
52		Spend Time Kneeling, Crouching, Stooping, or Crawling — How much does this job require kneeling, crouching, stooping or crawling?
50		Importance of Repeating Same Tasks — How important is repeating the same physical activities (e.g., key entry) or mental activities (e.g., checking entries in a ledger) over and over, without stopping, to performing this job?
50		Level of Competition — To what extent does this job require the worker to compete or to be aware of competitive pressures?
48		Deal With Unpleasant or Angry People — How frequently does the worker have to deal with unpleasant, angry, or discourteous individuals as part of the job requirements?
48		Frequency of Conflict Situations — How often are there conflict situations the employee has to face in this job?
47		In an Enclosed Vehicle or Equipment — How often does this job require working in a closed vehicle or equipment (e.g., car)?
47		Outdoors, Under Cover — How often does this job require working outdoors, under cover (e.g., structure with roof but no walls)?
46		Spend Time Keeping or Regaining Balance — How much does this job require keeping or regaining your balance?
46		Wear Specialized Protective or Safety Equipment such as Breathing Apparatus, Safety Harness, Full Protection Suits, or Radiation Protection — How much does this job require wearing specialized protective or safety equipment such as breathing apparatus, safety harness, full protection suits, or radiation protection?
43		Deal With External Customers — How important is it to work with external customers or the public in this job?
40		Exposed to Disease or Infections — How often does this job require exposure to disease/infections?
39		Letters and Memos — How often does the job require written letters and memos?
38		Exposed to Whole Body Vibration — How often does this job require exposure to whole body vibration (e.g., operate a jackhammer)?
26		Electronic Mail — How often do you use electronic mail in this job?
21		Pace Determined by Speed of Equipment — How important is it to this job that the pace is determined by the speed of equipment or machinery? (This does not refer to keeping busy at all times on this job.)
20		In an Open Vehicle or Equipment — How often does this job require working in an open vehicle or equipment (e.g., tractor)?
17		Degree of Automation — How automated is the job?
17		Spend Time Sitting — How much does this job require sitting?
12		Deal With Physically Aggressive People — How frequently does this job require the worker to deal with physical aggression of violent individuals?
11		Exposed to Radiation — How often does this job require exposure to radiation?
11		Public Speaking — How often do you have to perform public speaking in this job?

Job Zone Save Table (XLS/CSV)

Title	Job Zone Three: Medium Preparation Needed
Education	Most occupations in this zone require training in vocational schools, related on-the-job experience, or an associate's degree.
Related Experience	Previous work-related skill, knowledge, or experience is required for these occupations. For example, an electrician must have completed three or four years of apprenticeship or several years of vocational training, and often must have passed a licensing exam, in order to perform the job.
Job Training	Employees in these occupations usually need one or two years of training involving both on-the-job experience and informal training with experienced workers. A recognized apprenticeship program may be associated with these occupations.
Job Zone Examples	These occupations usually involve using communication and organizational skills to coordinate, supervise, manage, or train others to accomplish goals. Examples include hydroelectric production managers, travel guides, electricians, agricultural technicians, barbers, court reporters, and medical assistants.
SVP Range	(6.0 to < 7.0)

Credentials

Interests Save Table (XLS/CSV)

Occupational Interest		Interest
100		Realistic — Realistic occupations frequently involve work activities that include practical, hands-on problems and solutions. They often deal with plants, animals, and real-world materials like wood, tools, and machinery. Many of the occupations require working outside, and do not involve a lot of paperwork or working closely with others.
50		Conventional — Conventional occupations frequently involve following set procedures and routines. These occupations can include working with data and details more than with ideas. Usually there is a clear line of authority to follow.
36		Investigative — Investigative occupations frequently involve working with ideas, and require an extensive amount of thinking. These occupations can involve searching for facts and figuring out problems mentally.
20		Enterprising — Enterprising occupations frequently involve starting up and carrying out projects. These occupations can involve leading people and making many decisions. Sometimes they require risk taking and often deal with business.
8		Artistic — Artistic occupations frequently involve working with forms, designs and patterns. They often require self-expression and the work can be done without following a clear set of rules.
0		Social — Social occupations frequently involve working with, communicating with, and teaching people. These occupations often involve helping or providing service to others.

Work Styles Save Table (XLS/CSV)

Importance		Work Style
84		Dependability — Job requires being reliable, responsible, and dependable, and fulfilling obligations.
80		Attention to Detail — Job requires being careful about detail and thorough in completing work tasks.
76		Integrity — Job requires being honest and ethical.
74		Cooperation — Job requires being pleasant with others on the job and displaying a good-natured, cooperative attitude.
72		Initiative — Job requires a willingness to take on responsibilities and challenges.
71		Leadership — Job requires a willingness to lead, take charge, and offer opinions and direction.
70		Achievement/Effort — Job requires establishing and maintaining personally challenging achievement goals and exerting effort toward mastering tasks.
70		Persistence — Job requires persistence in the face of obstacles.
68		Innovation — Job requires creativity and alternative thinking to develop new ideas for and answers to work-related problems.
68		Self Control — Job requires maintaining composure, keeping emotions in check, controlling anger, and avoiding aggressive behavior, even in very difficult situations.
67		Concern for Others — Job requires being sensitive to others' needs and feelings and being understanding and helpful on the job.
66		Adaptability/Flexibility — Job requires being open to change (positive or negative) and to considerable variety in the workplace.
66		Analytical Thinking — Job requires analyzing information and using logic to address work-related issues and problems.
66		Independence — Job requires developing one's own ways of doing things, guiding oneself with little or no supervision, and depending on oneself to get things done.
66		Stress Tolerance — Job requires accepting criticism and dealing calmly and effectively with high stress situations.
59		Social Orientation — Job requires preferring to work with others rather than alone, and being personally connected with others on the job.

Work Values Save Table (XLS/CSV)

Extent		Work Value
61		Independence — Occupations that satisfy this work value allow employees to work on their own and make decisions. Corresponding needs are Creativity, Responsibility and Autonomy.
61		Relationships — Occupations that satisfy this work value allow employees to provide service to others and work with co-workers in a friendly non-competitive environment. Corresponding needs are Co-workers, Moral Values and Social Service.
58		Support — Occupations that satisfy this work value offer supportive management that stands behind employees. Corresponding needs are Company Policies, Supervision: Human Relations and Supervision: Technical.
51		Working Conditions — Occupations that satisfy this work value offer job security and good working conditions. Corresponding needs are Activity, Compensation, Independence, Security, Variety and Working Conditions.
42		Achievement — Occupations that satisfy this work value are results oriented and allow employees to use their strongest abilities, giving them a feeling of accomplishment. Corresponding needs are Ability Utilization and Achievement.
33		Recognition — Occupations that satisfy this work value offer advancement, potential for leadership, and are often considered prestigious. Corresponding needs are Advancement, Authority, Recognition and Social Status.

Related Occupations Save Table (XLS/CSV)

47-2011.00	Boilermakers
47-2031.00	Carpenters
47-2111.00	Electricians
47-2211.00	Sheet Metal Workers
49-9012.00	Control and Valve Installers and Repairers, Except Mechanical Door
49-9021.00	Heating, Air Conditioning, and Refrigeration Mechanics and Installers
49-9044.00	Millwrights
49-9051.00	Electrical Power-Line Installers and Repairers
49-9071.00	Maintenance and Repair Workers, General Bright Outlook
49-9092.00	Commercial Divers

Wages & Employment Trends

Median wages (2020)	$27.08 hourly, $56,330 annual
State wages
Local wages	ZIP Code:

Employment (2019)	490,200 employees
Projected growth (2019-2029)	Average (3% to 4%)
Projected job openings (2019-2029)	49,800
State trends

Top industries (2019)	Construction (76% employed in this sector) (see all industries)

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics 2020 wage data and 2019-2029 employment projections . "Projected growth" represents the estimated change in total employment over the projections period (2019-2029). "Projected job openings" represent openings due to growth and replacement.

Job Openings on the Web

Sources of Additional Information

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