Tasks   Save Table (XLS/CSV)

10 of 15 displayed (15 important)

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Importance	Category	Task
75	Core	Measure, cut, thread and assemble new pipe, placing the assembled pipe in hangers or other supports.
75	Core	Cut or drill holes in walls or floors to accommodate the passage of pipes.
75	Core	Perform rough-ins, repair and replace fixtures and water heaters, and locate, repair, or remove leaking or broken pipes.
74	Core	Assist pipe fitters in the layout, assembly, and installation of piping for air, ammonia, gas, and water systems.
72	Core	Cut pipe and lift up to fitters.
71	Core	Fit or assist in fitting valves, couplings, or assemblies to tanks, pumps, or systems, using hand tools.
71	Core	Requisition tools and equipment, select type and size of pipe, and collect and transport materials and equipment to work site.
70	Core	Mount brackets and hangers on walls and ceilings to hold pipes, and set sleeves or inserts to provide support for pipes.
69	Core	Excavate and grade ditches, and lay and join pipe for water and sewer service.
65	Core	Disassemble and remove damaged or worn pipe.
56	Core	Clean shop, work area, and machines, using solvent and rags.
74	Supplemental	Install gas burners to convert furnaces from wood, coal, or oil.
67	Supplemental	Fill pipes with sand or resin to prevent distortion, and hold pipes during bending and installation.
62	Supplemental	Immerse pipe in chemical solution to remove dirt, oil, and scale.
53	Supplemental	Clean and renew steam traps.

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Technology Skills   Save Table (XLS/CSV)

All 3 displayed

• Office suite software — Microsoft Office
• Spreadsheet software — Microsoft Excel
• Word processing software — Microsoft Word

Hot Technology — a technology requirement frequently included in employer job postings.

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Tools Used   Save Table (XLS/CSV)

10 of 143 displayed

All 143 displayed

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Knowledge   Save Table (XLS/CSV)

10 of 33 displayed (6 important)

All 33 displayed (6 important)

Importance		Knowledge
87		Building and Construction — Knowledge of materials, methods, and the tools involved in the construction or repair of houses, buildings, or other structures such as highways and roads.
67		Customer and Personal Service — Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal services. This includes customer needs assessment, meeting quality standards for services, and evaluation of customer satisfaction.
66		Mechanical — Knowledge of machines and tools, including their designs, uses, repair, and maintenance.
63		Mathematics — Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their applications.
57		English Language — Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition, and grammar.
53		Administration and Management — Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, resource allocation, human resources modeling, leadership technique, production methods, and coordination of people and resources.
48		Design — Knowledge of design techniques, tools, and principles involved in production of precision technical plans, blueprints, drawings, and models.
47		Engineering and Technology — Knowledge of the practical application of engineering science and technology. This includes applying principles, techniques, procedures, and equipment to the design and production of various goods and services.
45		Education and Training — Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and training design, teaching and instruction for individuals and groups, and the measurement of training effects.
45		Public Safety and Security — Knowledge of relevant equipment, policies, procedures, and strategies to promote effective local, state, or national security operations for the protection of people, data, property, and institutions.
43		Transportation — Knowledge of principles and methods for moving people or goods by air, rail, sea, or road, including the relative costs and benefits.
34		Clerical — Knowledge of administrative and clerical procedures and systems such as word processing, managing files and records, stenography and transcription, designing forms, and other office procedures and terminology.
34		Production and Processing — Knowledge of raw materials, production processes, quality control, costs, and other techniques for maximizing the effective manufacture and distribution of goods.
33		Law and Government — Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court procedures, precedents, government regulations, executive orders, agency rules, and the democratic political process.
30		Personnel and Human Resources — Knowledge of principles and procedures for personnel recruitment, selection, training, compensation and benefits, labor relations and negotiation, and personnel information systems.
29		Economics and Accounting — Knowledge of economic and accounting principles and practices, the financial markets, banking and the analysis and reporting of financial data.
28		Foreign Language — Knowledge of the structure and content of a foreign (non-English) language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition and grammar, and pronunciation.
25		Sales and Marketing — Knowledge of principles and methods for showing, promoting, and selling products or services. This includes marketing strategy and tactics, product demonstration, sales techniques, and sales control systems.
23		Physics — Knowledge and prediction of physical principles, laws, their interrelationships, and applications to understanding fluid, material, and atmospheric dynamics, and mechanical, electrical, atomic and sub- atomic structures and processes.
21		Chemistry — Knowledge of the chemical composition, structure, and properties of substances and of the chemical processes and transformations that they undergo. This includes uses of chemicals and their interactions, danger signs, production techniques, and disposal methods.
20		Computers and Electronics — Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and computer hardware and software, including applications and programming.
14		Geography — Knowledge of principles and methods for describing the features of land, sea, and air masses, including their physical characteristics, locations, interrelationships, and distribution of plant, animal, and human life.
14		Telecommunications — Knowledge of transmission, broadcasting, switching, control, and operation of telecommunications systems.
9		Communications and Media — Knowledge of media production, communication, and dissemination techniques and methods. This includes alternative ways to inform and entertain via written, oral, and visual media.
7		Biology — Knowledge of plant and animal organisms, their tissues, cells, functions, interdependencies, and interactions with each other and the environment.
7		Psychology — Knowledge of human behavior and performance; individual differences in ability, personality, and interests; learning and motivation; psychological research methods; and the assessment and treatment of behavioral and affective disorders.
4		Therapy and Counseling — Knowledge of principles, methods, and procedures for diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of physical and mental dysfunctions, and for career counseling and guidance.
3		History and Archeology — Knowledge of historical events and their causes, indicators, and effects on civilizations and cultures.
3		Medicine and Dentistry — Knowledge of the information and techniques needed to diagnose and treat human injuries, diseases, and deformities. This includes symptoms, treatment alternatives, drug properties and interactions, and preventive health-care measures.
1		Philosophy and Theology — Knowledge of different philosophical systems and religions. This includes their basic principles, values, ethics, ways of thinking, customs, practices, and their impact on human culture.
1		Sociology and Anthropology — Knowledge of group behavior and dynamics, societal trends and influences, human migrations, ethnicity, cultures and their history and origins.
0		Fine Arts — Knowledge of the theory and techniques required to compose, produce, and perform works of music, dance, visual arts, drama, and sculpture.
0		Food Production — Knowledge of techniques and equipment for planting, growing, and harvesting food products (both plant and animal) for consumption, including storage/handling techniques.

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Skills   Save Table (XLS/CSV)

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Importance		Skill
47		Active Listening — Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand the points being made, asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times.
47		Critical Thinking — Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclusions or approaches to problems.
47		Judgment and Decision Making — Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the most appropriate one.
47		Monitoring — Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organizations to make improvements or take corrective action.
44		Coordination — Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions.
41		Active Learning — Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future problem-solving and decision-making.
41		Complex Problem Solving — Identifying complex problems and reviewing related information to develop and evaluate options and implement solutions.
41		Repairing — Repairing machines or systems using the needed tools.
38		Social Perceptiveness — Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react as they do.
38		Speaking — Talking to others to convey information effectively.
38		Time Management — Managing one's own time and the time of others.
35		Equipment Selection — Determining the kind of tools and equipment needed to do a job.
35		Operation and Control — Controlling operations of equipment or systems.
35		Reading Comprehension — Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work related documents.
35		Service Orientation — Actively looking for ways to help people.
35		Troubleshooting — Determining causes of operating errors and deciding what to do about it.
31		Mathematics — Using mathematics to solve problems.
31		Operation Monitoring — Watching gauges, dials, or other indicators to make sure a machine is working properly.
28		Equipment Maintenance — Performing routine maintenance on equipment and determining when and what kind of maintenance is needed.
28		Management of Material Resources — Obtaining and seeing to the appropriate use of equipment, facilities, and materials needed to do certain work.
28		Quality Control Analysis — Conducting tests and inspections of products, services, or processes to evaluate quality or performance.
25		Installation — Installing equipment, machines, wiring, or programs to meet specifications.
25		Instructing — Teaching others how to do something.
25		Learning Strategies — Selecting and using training/instructional methods and procedures appropriate for the situation when learning or teaching new things.
25		Negotiation — Bringing others together and trying to reconcile differences.
25		Persuasion — Persuading others to change their minds or behavior.
25		Writing — Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audience.
22		Management of Personnel Resources — Motivating, developing, and directing people as they work, identifying the best people for the job.
22		Systems Analysis — Determining how a system should work and how changes in conditions, operations, and the environment will affect outcomes.
19		Systems Evaluation — Identifying measures or indicators of system performance and the actions needed to improve or correct performance, relative to the goals of the system.
16		Management of Financial Resources — Determining how money will be spent to get the work done, and accounting for these expenditures.
16		Technology Design — Generating or adapting equipment and technology to serve user needs.
6		Operations Analysis — Analyzing needs and product requirements to create a design.
3		Science — Using scientific rules and methods to solve problems.
0		Programming — Writing computer programs for various purposes.

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Abilities   Save Table (XLS/CSV)

10 of 52 displayed (15 important)

All 52 displayed (15 important)

Importance		Ability
69		Manual Dexterity — The ability to quickly move your hand, your hand together with your arm, or your two hands to grasp, manipulate, or assemble objects.
60		Arm-Hand Steadiness — The ability to keep your hand and arm steady while moving your arm or while holding your arm and hand in one position.
60		Multilimb Coordination — The ability to coordinate two or more limbs (for example, two arms, two legs, or one leg and one arm) while sitting, standing, or lying down. It does not involve performing the activities while the whole body is in motion.
56		Extent Flexibility — The ability to bend, stretch, twist, or reach with your body, arms, and/or legs.
56		Near Vision — The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).
56		Oral Comprehension — The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through spoken words and sentences.
56		Problem Sensitivity — The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does not involve solving the problem, only recognizing there is a problem.
56		Trunk Strength — The ability to use your abdominal and lower back muscles to support part of the body repeatedly or continuously over time without 'giving out' or fatiguing.
53		Visualization — The ability to imagine how something will look after it is moved around or when its parts are moved or rearranged.
50		Control Precision — The ability to quickly and repeatedly adjust the controls of a machine or a vehicle to exact positions.
50		Finger Dexterity — The ability to make precisely coordinated movements of the fingers of one or both hands to grasp, manipulate, or assemble very small objects.
50		Information Ordering — The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according to a specific rule or set of rules (e.g., patterns of numbers, letters, words, pictures, mathematical operations).
50		Oral Expression — The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will understand.
50		Speech Recognition — The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person.
50		Static Strength — The ability to exert maximum muscle force to lift, push, pull, or carry objects.
47		Category Flexibility — The ability to generate or use different sets of rules for combining or grouping things in different ways.
47		Deductive Reasoning — The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that make sense.
47		Speech Clarity — The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you.
44		Depth Perception — The ability to judge which of several objects is closer or farther away from you, or to judge the distance between you and an object.
44		Inductive Reasoning — The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusions (includes finding a relationship among seemingly unrelated events).
44		Selective Attention — The ability to concentrate on a task over a period of time without being distracted.
44		Stamina — The ability to exert yourself physically over long periods of time without getting winded or out of breath.
41		Dynamic Strength — The ability to exert muscle force repeatedly or continuously over time. This involves muscular endurance and resistance to muscle fatigue.
41		Gross Body Coordination — The ability to coordinate the movement of your arms, legs, and torso together when the whole body is in motion.
41		Gross Body Equilibrium — The ability to keep or regain your body balance or stay upright when in an unstable position.
38		Far Vision — The ability to see details at a distance.
31		Mathematical Reasoning — The ability to choose the right mathematical methods or formulas to solve a problem.
31		Reaction Time — The ability to quickly respond (with the hand, finger, or foot) to a signal (sound, light, picture) when it appears.
28		Flexibility of Closure — The ability to identify or detect a known pattern (a figure, object, word, or sound) that is hidden in other distracting material.
28		Fluency of Ideas — The ability to come up with a number of ideas about a topic (the number of ideas is important, not their quality, correctness, or creativity).
28		Hearing Sensitivity — The ability to detect or tell the differences between sounds that vary in pitch and loudness.
28		Number Facility — The ability to add, subtract, multiply, or divide quickly and correctly.
28		Originality — The ability to come up with unusual or clever ideas about a given topic or situation, or to develop creative ways to solve a problem.
28		Response Orientation — The ability to choose quickly between two or more movements in response to two or more different signals (lights, sounds, pictures). It includes the speed with which the correct response is started with the hand, foot, or other body part.
28		Speed of Limb Movement — The ability to quickly move the arms and legs.
28		Time Sharing — The ability to shift back and forth between two or more activities or sources of information (such as speech, sounds, touch, or other sources).
28		Written Comprehension — The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.
25		Auditory Attention — The ability to focus on a single source of sound in the presence of other distracting sounds.
25		Memorization — The ability to remember information such as words, numbers, pictures, and procedures.
25		Perceptual Speed — The ability to quickly and accurately compare similarities and differences among sets of letters, numbers, objects, pictures, or patterns. The things to be compared may be presented at the same time or one after the other. This ability also includes comparing a presented object with a remembered object.
25		Rate Control — The ability to time your movements or the movement of a piece of equipment in anticipation of changes in the speed and/or direction of a moving object or scene.
25		Spatial Orientation — The ability to know your location in relation to the environment or to know where other objects are in relation to you.
25		Speed of Closure — The ability to quickly make sense of, combine, and organize information into meaningful patterns.
25		Visual Color Discrimination — The ability to match or detect differences between colors, including shades of color and brightness.
25		Wrist-Finger Speed — The ability to make fast, simple, repeated movements of the fingers, hands, and wrists.
25		Written Expression — The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will understand.
22		Glare Sensitivity — The ability to see objects in the presence of glare or bright lighting.
22		Peripheral Vision — The ability to see objects or movement of objects to one's side when the eyes are looking ahead.
19		Night Vision — The ability to see under low light conditions.
19		Sound Localization — The ability to tell the direction from which a sound originated.
16		Dynamic Flexibility — The ability to quickly and repeatedly bend, stretch, twist, or reach out with your body, arms, and/or legs.
16		Explosive Strength — The ability to use short bursts of muscle force to propel oneself (as in jumping or sprinting), or to throw an object.

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Work Activities   Save Table (XLS/CSV)

10 of 41 displayed (26 important)

All 41 displayed (26 important)

Importance		Work Activity
82		Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Material — Inspecting equipment, structures, or materials to identify the cause of errors or other problems or defects.
78		Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards — Using relevant information and individual judgment to determine whether events or processes comply with laws, regulations, or standards.
78		Getting Information — Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sources.
76		Handling and Moving Objects — Using hands and arms in handling, installing, positioning, and moving materials, and manipulating things.
75		Performing General Physical Activities — Performing physical activities that require considerable use of your arms and legs and moving your whole body, such as climbing, lifting, balancing, walking, stooping, and handling of materials.
75		Thinking Creatively — Developing, designing, or creating new applications, ideas, relationships, systems, or products, including artistic contributions.
73		Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events — Identifying information by categorizing, estimating, recognizing differences or similarities, and detecting changes in circumstances or events.
70		Making Decisions and Solving Problems — Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and solve problems.
69		Controlling Machines and Processes — Using either control mechanisms or direct physical activity to operate machines or processes (not including computers or vehicles).
66		Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge — Keeping up-to-date technically and applying new knowledge to your job.
63		Judging the Qualities of Things, Services, or People — Assessing the value, importance, or quality of things or people.
61		Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates — Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone, in written form, e-mail, or in person.
61		Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work — Developing specific goals and plans to prioritize, organize, and accomplish your work.
61		Repairing and Maintaining Mechanical Equipment — Servicing, repairing, adjusting, and testing machines, devices, moving parts, and equipment that operate primarily on the basis of mechanical (not electronic) principles.
60		Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships — Developing constructive and cooperative working relationships with others, and maintaining them over time.
58		Estimating the Quantifiable Characteristics of Products, Events, or Information — Estimating sizes, distances, and quantities; or determining time, costs, resources, or materials needed to perform a work activity.
58		Monitor Processes, Materials, or Surroundings — Monitoring and reviewing information from materials, events, or the environment, to detect or assess problems.
57		Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment — Running, maneuvering, navigating, or driving vehicles or mechanized equipment, such as forklifts, passenger vehicles, aircraft, or water craft.
55		Coordinating the Work and Activities of Others — Getting members of a group to work together to accomplish tasks.
55		Developing Objectives and Strategies — Establishing long-range objectives and specifying the strategies and actions to achieve them.
54		Assisting and Caring for Others — Providing personal assistance, medical attention, emotional support, or other personal care to others such as coworkers, customers, or patients.
54		Guiding, Directing, and Motivating Subordinates — Providing guidance and direction to subordinates, including setting performance standards and monitoring performance.
52		Performing for or Working Directly with the Public — Performing for people or dealing directly with the public. This includes serving customers in restaurants and stores, and receiving clients or guests.
52		Processing Information — Compiling, coding, categorizing, calculating, tabulating, auditing, or verifying information or data.
51		Provide Consultation and Advice to Others — Providing guidance and expert advice to management or other groups on technical, systems-, or process-related topics.
51		Scheduling Work and Activities — Scheduling events, programs, and activities, as well as the work of others.
46		Monitoring and Controlling Resources — Monitoring and controlling resources and overseeing the spending of money.
45		Interpreting the Meaning of Information for Others — Translating or explaining what information means and how it can be used.
42		Drafting, Laying Out, and Specifying Technical Devices, Parts, and Equipment — Providing documentation, detailed instructions, drawings, or specifications to tell others about how devices, parts, equipment, or structures are to be fabricated, constructed, assembled, modified, maintained, or used.
42		Training and Teaching Others — Identifying the educational needs of others, developing formal educational or training programs or classes, and teaching or instructing others.
41		Communicating with Persons Outside Organization — Communicating with people outside the organization, representing the organization to customers, the public, government, and other external sources. This information can be exchanged in person, in writing, or by telephone or e-mail.
41		Resolving Conflicts and Negotiating with Others — Handling complaints, settling disputes, and resolving grievances and conflicts, or otherwise negotiating with others.
38		Developing and Building Teams — Encouraging and building mutual trust, respect, and cooperation among team members.
35		Analyzing Data or Information — Identifying the underlying principles, reasons, or facts of information by breaking down information or data into separate parts.
35		Coaching and Developing Others — Identifying the developmental needs of others and coaching, mentoring, or otherwise helping others to improve their knowledge or skills.
35		Performing Administrative Activities — Performing day-to-day administrative tasks such as maintaining information files and processing paperwork.
32		Documenting/Recording Information — Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information in written or electronic/magnetic form.
32		Repairing and Maintaining Electronic Equipment — Servicing, repairing, calibrating, regulating, fine-tuning, or testing machines, devices, and equipment that operate primarily on the basis of electrical or electronic (not mechanical) principles.
32		Selling or Influencing Others — Convincing others to buy merchandise/goods or to otherwise change their minds or actions.
28		Interacting With Computers — Using computers and computer systems (including hardware and software) to program, write software, set up functions, enter data, or process information.
23		Staffing Organizational Units — Recruiting, interviewing, selecting, hiring, and promoting employees in an organization.

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Detailed Work Activities   Save Table (XLS/CSV)

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Work Context   Save Table (XLS/CSV)

10 of 57 displayed

All 57 displayed

Work Context	Percentage of Top Responses
Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls — How much does this job require using your hands to handle, control, or feel objects, tools or controls?	64    Continually or almost continually 36    More than half the time
Outdoors, Exposed to Weather — How often does this job require working outdoors, exposed to all weather conditions?	58    Every day 32    Once a week or more but not every day
Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets — How much does this job require wearing common protective or safety equipment such as safety shoes, glasses, gloves, hard hats or life jackets?	36    Once a week or more but not every day
In an Enclosed Vehicle or Equipment — How often does this job require working in a closed vehicle or equipment (e.g., car)?	11    Never
Face-to-Face Discussions — How often do you have to have face-to-face discussions with individuals or teams in this job?	71    Every day
Spend Time Standing — How much does this job require standing?	40    Continually or almost continually 44    More than half the time 16    About half the time
Contact With Others — How much does this job require the worker to be in contact with others (face-to-face, by telephone, or otherwise) in order to perform it?	53    Constant contact with others 27    Contact with others most of the time
Spend Time Bending or Twisting the Body — How much does this job require bending or twisting your body?	54    Continually or almost continually 21    More than half the time 19    Less than half the time
Cramped Work Space, Awkward Positions — How often does this job require working in cramped work spaces that requires getting into awkward positions?	49    Every day 17    Once a week or more but not every day 21    Once a month or more but not every week 13    Once a year or more but not every month
Work With Work Group or Team — How important is it to work with others in a group or team in this job?	32    Extremely important 29    Very important 39    Important
Time Pressure — How often does this job require the worker to meet strict deadlines?	24    Every day 56    Once a week or more but not every day 11    Once a month or more but not every week
Frequency of Decision Making — How frequently is the worker required to make decisions that affect other people, the financial resources, and/or the image and reputation of the organization?	60    Every day 20    Once a month or more but not every week 20    Never
Spend Time Kneeling, Crouching, Stooping, or Crawling — How much does this job require kneeling, crouching, stooping or crawling?	20    Continually or almost continually 46    More than half the time 29    About half the time
Very Hot or Cold Temperatures — How often does this job require working in very hot (above 90 F degrees) or very cold (below 32 F degrees) temperatures?	29    Every day 36    Once a week or more but not every day 16    Once a month or more but not every week 20    Once a year or more but not every month
Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions — How much does this job require making repetitive motions?	35    Continually or almost continually 21    More than half the time 27    About half the time 18    Less than half the time
Duration of Typical Work Week — Number of hours typically worked in one week.	33    More than 40 hours 67    40 hours
Physical Proximity — To what extent does this job require the worker to perform job tasks in close physical proximity to other people?	16    Very close (near touching) 47    Moderately close (at arm's length) 26    Slightly close (e.g., shared office)
Indoors, Not Environmentally Controlled — How often does this job require working indoors in non-controlled environmental conditions (e.g., warehouse without heat)?	16    Every day 52    Once a week or more but not every day 19    Once a month or more but not every week
Telephone — How often do you have telephone conversations in this job?	40    Every day
Exposed to Minor Burns, Cuts, Bites, or Stings — How often does this job require exposure to minor burns, cuts, bites, or stings?	21    Every day 12    Never
Sounds, Noise Levels Are Distracting or Uncomfortable — How often does this job require working exposed to sounds and noise levels that are distracting or uncomfortable?	13    Once a week or more but not every day 25    Once a month or more but not every week 15    Once a year or more but not every month
Importance of Being Exact or Accurate — How important is being very exact or highly accurate in performing this job?	18    Extremely important 16    Very important 66    Important
Exposed to Hazardous Equipment — How often does this job require exposure to hazardous equipment?	23    Every day 33    Once a week or more but not every day 21    Once a month or more but not every week 11    Once a year or more but not every month 11    Never
Deal With External Customers — How important is it to work with external customers or the public in this job?	32    Extremely important 22    Very important 25    Fairly important 11    Not important at all
Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results — What results do your decisions usually have on other people or the image or reputation or financial resources of your employer?	28    Very important results 25    Important results 17    Moderate results 19    Minor results
Consequence of Error — How serious would the result usually be if the worker made a mistake that was not readily correctable?	32    Extremely serious 26    Very serious 22    Not serious at all
Coordinate or Lead Others — How important is it to coordinate or lead others in accomplishing work activities in this job?	24    Extremely important 26    Very important 11    Important 39    Fairly important
Outdoors, Under Cover — How often does this job require working outdoors, under cover (e.g., structure with roof but no walls)?	19    Every day 35    Once a week or more but not every day 20    Once a month or more but not every week 17    Once a year or more but not every month
Exposed to Contaminants — How often does this job require working exposed to contaminants (such as pollutants, gases, dust or odors)?	40    Every day 16    Once a month or more but not every week 21    Once a year or more but not every month 21    Never
Spend Time Walking and Running — How much does this job require walking and running?	22    More than half the time 38    About half the time 29    Less than half the time
Freedom to Make Decisions — How much decision making freedom, without supervision, does the job offer?	14    A lot of freedom 37    Some freedom 11    Limited freedom 19    Very little freedom
Extremely Bright or Inadequate Lighting — How often does this job require working in extremely bright or inadequate lighting conditions?	27    Every day 15    Once a month or more but not every week 32    Never
Deal With Unpleasant or Angry People — How frequently does the worker have to deal with unpleasant, angry, or discourteous individuals as part of the job requirements?	36    Once a week or more but not every day 37    Once a month or more but not every week 17    Once a year or more but not every month
Indoors, Environmentally Controlled — How often does this job require working indoors in environmentally controlled conditions?	35    Once a week or more but not every day 11    Once a year or more but not every month 19    Never
Responsibility for Outcomes and Results — How responsible is the worker for work outcomes and results of other workers?	19    Very high responsibility 20    High responsibility 22    Moderate responsibility 19    Limited responsibility 19    No responsibility
Responsible for Others' Health and Safety — How much responsibility is there for the health and safety of others in this job?	27    Very high responsibility 25    High responsibility
Exposed to Disease or Infections — How often does this job require exposure to disease/infections?	17    Every day 16    Once a year or more but not every month 25    Never
Exposed to High Places — How often does this job require exposure to high places?	23    Once a week or more but not every day 43    Once a month or more but not every week 21    Once a year or more but not every month 13    Never
Importance of Repeating Same Tasks — How important is repeating the same physical activities (e.g., key entry) or mental activities (e.g., checking entries in a ledger) over and over, without stopping, to performing this job?	29    Very important 35    Not important at all
Level of Competition — To what extent does this job require the worker to compete or to be aware of competitive pressures?	37    Highly competitive 29    Slightly competitive 26    Not at all competitive
Structured versus Unstructured Work — To what extent is this job structured for the worker, rather than allowing the worker to determine tasks, priorities, and goals?	13    A lot of freedom 18    Some freedom 20    Limited freedom 19    Very little freedom 29    No freedom
Pace Determined by Speed of Equipment — How important is it to this job that the pace is determined by the speed of equipment or machinery? (This does not refer to keeping busy at all times on this job.)	16    Extremely important 19    Very important 17    Important 38    Not important at all
Exposed to Hazardous Conditions — How often does this job require exposure to hazardous conditions?	11    Every day 22    Once a week or more but not every day 37    Once a year or more but not every month 24    Never
Exposed to Whole Body Vibration — How often does this job require exposure to whole body vibration (e.g., operate a jackhammer)?	13    Once a week or more but not every day 35    Once a year or more but not every month
Letters and Memos — How often does the job require written letters and memos?	17    Every day 26    Once a week or more but not every day 51    Never
Spend Time Climbing Ladders, Scaffolds, or Poles — How much does this job require climbing ladders, scaffolds, or poles?	20    More than half the time 62    Less than half the time 12    Never
Spend Time Keeping or Regaining Balance — How much does this job require keeping or regaining your balance?	20    More than half the time 52    Less than half the time 18    Never
Frequency of Conflict Situations — How often are there conflict situations the employee has to face in this job?	36    Once a month or more but not every week 26    Once a year or more but not every month 29    Never
Work Schedules — How regular are the work schedules for this job?	54    Irregular (changes with weather conditions, production demands, or contract duration) 44    Regular (established routine, set schedule)
Spend Time Sitting — How much does this job require sitting?	88    Less than half the time 12    Never
In an Open Vehicle or Equipment — How often does this job require working in an open vehicle or equipment (e.g., tractor)?	29    Once a month or more but not every week 18    Once a year or more but not every month 51    Never
Wear Specialized Protective or Safety Equipment such as Breathing Apparatus, Safety Harness, Full Protection Suits, or Radiation Protection — How much does this job require wearing specialized protective or safety equipment such as breathing apparatus, safety harness, full protection suits, or radiation protection?	15    Once a month or more but not every week 11    Once a year or more but not every month 68    Never
Degree of Automation — How automated is the job?	17    Slightly automated 73    Not at all automated
Exposed to Radiation — How often does this job require exposure to radiation?	84    Never
Deal With Physically Aggressive People — How frequently does this job require the worker to deal with physical aggression of violent individuals?	82    Never
Electronic Mail — How often do you use electronic mail in this job?	90    Never
Public Speaking — How often do you have to perform public speaking in this job?	93    Never

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Job Zone   Save Table (XLS/CSV)

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Education

Percentage of Respondents	Education Level Required
Not available	High school diploma or equivalent
Not available	Post-secondary certificate
Not available	Master's degree

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Credentials

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Interests   Save Table (XLS/CSV)

All 6 displayed (1 important)

Occupational Interest		Interest
100		Realistic — Realistic occupations frequently involve work activities that include practical, hands-on problems and solutions. They often deal with plants, animals, and real-world materials like wood, tools, and machinery. Many of the occupations require working outside, and do not involve a lot of paperwork or working closely with others.
22		Conventional — Conventional occupations frequently involve following set procedures and routines. These occupations can include working with data and details more than with ideas. Usually there is a clear line of authority to follow.
11		Enterprising — Enterprising occupations frequently involve starting up and carrying out projects. These occupations can involve leading people and making many decisions. Sometimes they require risk taking and often deal with business.
6		Investigative — Investigative occupations frequently involve working with ideas, and require an extensive amount of thinking. These occupations can involve searching for facts and figuring out problems mentally.
0		Artistic — Artistic occupations frequently involve working with forms, designs and patterns. They often require self-expression and the work can be done without following a clear set of rules.
0		Social — Social occupations frequently involve working with, communicating with, and teaching people. These occupations often involve helping or providing service to others.

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Work Styles   Save Table (XLS/CSV)

10 of 16 displayed (15 important)

All 16 displayed (15 important)

Importance		Work Style
76		Attention to Detail — Job requires being careful about detail and thorough in completing work tasks.
75		Cooperation — Job requires being pleasant with others on the job and displaying a good-natured, cooperative attitude.
75		Persistence — Job requires persistence in the face of obstacles.
74		Integrity — Job requires being honest and ethical.
72		Initiative — Job requires a willingness to take on responsibilities and challenges.
71		Adaptability/Flexibility — Job requires being open to change (positive or negative) and to considerable variety in the workplace.
71		Analytical Thinking — Job requires analyzing information and using logic to address work-related issues and problems.
71		Self Control — Job requires maintaining composure, keeping emotions in check, controlling anger, and avoiding aggressive behavior, even in very difficult situations.
69		Stress Tolerance — Job requires accepting criticism and dealing calmly and effectively with high stress situations.
66		Independence — Job requires developing one's own ways of doing things, guiding oneself with little or no supervision, and depending on oneself to get things done.
62		Achievement/Effort — Job requires establishing and maintaining personally challenging achievement goals and exerting effort toward mastering tasks.
61		Concern for Others — Job requires being sensitive to others' needs and feelings and being understanding and helpful on the job.
61		Leadership — Job requires a willingness to lead, take charge, and offer opinions and direction.
59		Dependability — Job requires being reliable, responsible, and dependable, and fulfilling obligations.
54		Innovation — Job requires creativity and alternative thinking to develop new ideas for and answers to work-related problems.
38		Social Orientation — Job requires preferring to work with others rather than alone, and being personally connected with others on the job.

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Work Values   Save Table (XLS/CSV)

All 6 displayed (1 important)

Extent		Work Value
56		Support — Occupations that satisfy this work value offer supportive management that stands behind employees. Corresponding needs are Company Policies, Supervision: Human Relations and Supervision: Technical.
45		Relationships — Occupations that satisfy this work value allow employees to provide service to others and work with co-workers in a friendly non-competitive environment. Corresponding needs are Co-workers, Moral Values and Social Service.
33		Independence — Occupations that satisfy this work value allow employees to work on their own and make decisions. Corresponding needs are Creativity, Responsibility and Autonomy.
25		Working Conditions — Occupations that satisfy this work value offer job security and good working conditions. Corresponding needs are Activity, Compensation, Independence, Security, Variety and Working Conditions.
22		Achievement — Occupations that satisfy this work value are results oriented and allow employees to use their strongest abilities, giving them a feeling of accomplishment. Corresponding needs are Ability Utilization and Achievement.
11		Recognition — Occupations that satisfy this work value offer advancement, potential for leadership, and are often considered prestigious. Corresponding needs are Advancement, Authority, Recognition and Social Status.

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Related Occupations   Save Table (XLS/CSV)

All 10 displayed

47-2021.00	Brickmasons and Blockmasons
47-2031.01	Construction Carpenters
47-2041.00	Carpet Installers
47-2044.00	Tile and Marble Setters
47-2051.00	Cement Masons and Concrete Finishers
47-2053.00	Terrazzo Workers and Finishers
47-2211.00	Sheet Metal Workers
47-3012.00	Helpers--Carpenters   Bright Outlook     Green
47-3013.00	Helpers--Electricians
47-4061.00	Rail-Track Laying and Maintenance Equipment Operators

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Wages & Employment Trends

Median wages (2018)	$14.89 hourly, $30,980 annual
State wages
Employment (2016)	56,000 employees
Projected growth (2016-2026)	Much faster than average (15% or higher)
Projected job openings (2016-2026)	9,500
State trends
Top industries (2016)	Construction (92% employed in this sector) (see all industries)

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics 2018 wage data and 2016-2026 employment projections . "Projected growth" represents the estimated change in total employment over the projections period (2016-2026). "Projected job openings" represent openings due to growth and replacement.

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Job Openings on the Web

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Sources of Additional Information

All 3 displayed

Disclaimer: Sources are listed to provide additional information on related jobs, specialties, and/or industries. Links to non-DOL Internet sites are provided for your convenience and do not constitute an endorsement.

• Occupational Outlook Handbook: Construction laborers and helpers
• Plumbing-Heating-Cooling Contractors Association
• United Association of Journeymen and Apprentices of the Plumbing and Pipe Fitting Industry of the United States, Canada