- Direct and coordinate product research and development.
Occupations with related tasks Save Table: XLSX CSV
Closely Related Tasks | All Related Tasks | Job Zone | Code | Occupation |
4 | 6 | 4 | 11-1021.00 | General and Operations Managers
|
3 | 4 | 5 | 11-1011.00 | Chief Executives |
2 | 5 | 5 | 11-9033.00 | Education Administrators, Postsecondary |
2 | 3 | 5 | 11-9032.00 | Education Administrators, Kindergarten through Secondary |
2 | 2 | 2 | 11-9131.00 | Postmasters and Mail Superintendents |
2 | 2 | 5 | 11-9121.00 | Natural Sciences Managers
|
2 | 2 | 4 | 11-3021.00 | Computer and Information Systems Managers
|
2 | 2 | 4 | 11-9031.00 | Education and Childcare Administrators, Preschool and Daycare |
2 | 2 | 4 | 11-9013.00 | Farmers, Ranchers, and Other Agricultural Managers |
2 | 2 | 4 | 11-3071.04 | Supply Chain Managers
|
1 | 3 | 4 | 11-3051.00 | Industrial Production Managers |
1 | 3 | 4 | 13-1081.00 | Logisticians
|
1 | 2 | 5 | 11-3031.03 | Investment Fund Managers
|
1 | 2 | 4 | 13-1082.00 | Project Management Specialists
|
1 | 2 | 5 | 11-9041.00 | Architectural and Engineering Managers |
1 | 2 | 4 | 11-9141.00 | Property, Real Estate, and Community Association Managers
|
1 | 2 | 4 | 11-3051.01 | Quality Control Systems Managers |
1 | 1 | 5 | 11-1011.03 | Chief Sustainability Officers |
1 | 1 | 4 | 11-9111.00 | Medical and Health Services Managers
|
1 | 1 | 4 | 11-3031.00 | Financial Managers
|
1 | 1 | 3 | 49-1011.00 | First-Line Supervisors of Mechanics, Installers, and Repairers |
1 | 1 | 4 | 11-3013.01 | Security Managers
|
1 | 1 | 4 | 11-3071.00 | Transportation, Storage, and Distribution Managers
|
1 | 1 | 4 | 11-9121.01 | Clinical Research Coordinators
|
- Direct and coordinate activities of businesses or departments concerned with the production, pricing, sales, or distribution of products.
- Direct administrative activities directly related to making products or providing services.
- Manage the movement of goods into and out of production facilities to ensure efficiency, effectiveness, or sustainability of operations.
- Direct non-merchandising departments of businesses, such as advertising or purchasing.
- Plan or direct activities, such as sales promotions, that require coordination with other department managers.
- Implement or oversee environmental management or sustainability programs addressing issues such as recycling, conservation, or waste management.
- Review financial statements, sales or activity reports, or other performance data to measure productivity or goal achievement or to identify areas needing cost reduction or program improvement.
- Prepare staff work schedules and assign specific duties.
- Direct or coordinate financial or budget activities to fund operations, maximize investments, or increase efficiency.
- Perform personnel functions, such as selection, training, or evaluation.
- Establish or implement departmental policies, goals, objectives, or procedures in conjunction with board members, organization officials, or staff members.
- Monitor suppliers to ensure that they efficiently and effectively provide needed goods or services within budgetary limits.
- Set prices or credit terms for goods or services, based on forecasts of customer demand.
- Perform sales floor work, such as greeting or assisting customers, stocking shelves, or taking inventory.
- Develop or implement product-marketing strategies, including advertising campaigns or sales promotions.
- Plan store layouts or design displays.
- Recommend locations for new facilities, or oversee the remodeling or renovating of current facilities.
- Direct and coordinate activities of businesses or departments concerned with the production, pricing, sales, or distribution of products.
- Direct administrative activities directly related to making products or providing services.
- Manage the movement of goods into and out of production facilities to ensure efficiency, effectiveness, or sustainability of operations.
- Direct non-merchandising departments of businesses, such as advertising or purchasing.
- Plan or direct activities, such as sales promotions, that require coordination with other department managers.
- Implement or oversee environmental management or sustainability programs addressing issues such as recycling, conservation, or waste management.
- Direct, plan, or implement policies, objectives, or activities of organizations or businesses to ensure continuing operations, to maximize returns on investments, or to increase productivity.
- Direct or coordinate activities of businesses or departments concerned with production, pricing, sales, or distribution of products.
- Appoint department heads or managers and assign or delegate responsibilities to them.
- Direct non-merchandising departments, such as advertising, purchasing, credit, or accounting.
- Direct or coordinate an organization's financial or budget activities to fund operations, maximize investments, or increase efficiency.
- Confer with board members, organization officials, or staff members to discuss issues, coordinate activities, or resolve problems.
- Prepare budgets for approval, including those for funding or implementation of programs.
- Prepare or present reports concerning activities, expenses, budgets, government statutes or rulings, or other items affecting businesses or program services.
- Implement corrective action plans to solve organizational or departmental problems.
- Analyze operations to evaluate performance of a company or its staff in meeting objectives or to determine areas of potential cost reduction, program improvement, or policy change.
- Direct human resources activities, including the approval of human resource plans or activities, the selection of directors or other high-level staff, or establishment or organization of major departments.
- Interpret and explain policies, rules, regulations, or laws to organizations, government or corporate officials, or individuals.
- Review reports submitted by staff members to recommend approval or to suggest changes.
- Negotiate or approve contracts or agreements with suppliers, distributors, federal or state agencies, or other organizational entities.
- Establish departmental responsibilities and coordinate functions among departments and sites.
- Deliver speeches, write articles, or present information at meetings or conventions to promote services, exchange ideas, or accomplish objectives.
- Serve as liaisons between organizations, shareholders, and outside organizations.
- Coordinate the development or implementation of budgetary control systems, recordkeeping systems, or other administrative control processes.
- Preside over, or serve on, boards of directors, management committees, or other governing boards.
- Attend and participate in meetings of municipal councils or council committees.
- Organize or approve promotional campaigns.
- Nominate citizens to boards or commissions.
- Conduct or direct investigations or hearings to resolve complaints or violations of laws, or testify at such hearings.
- Direct or coordinate activities of businesses involved with buying or selling investment products or financial services.
- Prepare bylaws approved by elected officials, and ensure that bylaws are enforced.
- Make presentations to legislative or other government committees regarding policies, programs, or budgets.
- Review and analyze legislation, laws, or public policy and recommend changes to promote or support interests of the general population or special groups.
- Refer major policy matters to elected representatives for final decisions.
- Direct or conduct studies or research on issues affecting areas of responsibility.
- Administer programs for selection of sites, construction of buildings, or provision of equipment or supplies.
- Represent organizations or promote their objectives at official functions, or delegate representatives to do so.
- Direct, plan, or implement policies, objectives, or activities of organizations or businesses to ensure continuing operations, to maximize returns on investments, or to increase productivity.
- Direct or coordinate activities of businesses or departments concerned with production, pricing, sales, or distribution of products.
- Appoint department heads or managers and assign or delegate responsibilities to them.
- Direct non-merchandising departments, such as advertising, purchasing, credit, or accounting.
- Coordinate the production and dissemination of university publications, such as course catalogs and class schedules.
- Write grants to procure external funding, and supervise grant-funded projects.
- Direct activities of administrative departments, such as admissions, registration, and career services.
- Direct scholarship, fellowship, and loan programs, performing activities such as selecting recipients and distributing aid.
- Oversee facilities management for the university, including construction, repair, and maintenance projects.
- Design or use assessments to monitor student learning outcomes.
- Recruit, hire, train, and terminate departmental personnel.
- Direct, coordinate, and evaluate the activities of personnel, including support staff engaged in administering academic institutions, departments, or alumni organizations.
- Advise students on issues such as course selection, progress toward graduation, and career decisions.
- Plan, administer, and control budgets, maintain financial records, and produce financial reports.
- Formulate strategic plans for the institution.
- Establish operational policies and procedures and make any necessary modifications, based on analysis of operations, demographics, and other research information.
- Provide assistance to faculty and staff in duties such as teaching classes, conducting orientation programs, issuing transcripts, and scheduling events.
- Represent institutions at community and campus events, in meetings with other institution personnel, and during accreditation processes.
- Prepare reports on academic or institutional data.
- Promote the university by participating in community, state, and national events or meetings, and by developing partnerships with industry and secondary education institutions.
- Participate in faculty and college committee activities.
- Appoint individuals to faculty positions, and evaluate their performance.
- Develop curricula, and recommend curricula revisions and additions.
- Consult with government regulatory and licensing agencies to ensure the institution's conformance with applicable standards.
- Participate in student recruitment, selection, and admission, making admissions recommendations when required to do so.
- Determine course schedules, and coordinate teaching assignments and room assignments to ensure optimum use of buildings and equipment.
- Teach courses within their department.
- Review student misconduct reports requiring disciplinary action, and counsel students regarding such reports.
- Review registration statistics, and consult with faculty officials to develop registration policies.
- Confer with other academic staff to explain and formulate admission requirements and course credit policies.
- Direct and participate in institutional fundraising activities, and encourage alumni participation in such activities.
- Plan and promote sporting events and social, cultural, and recreational activities.
- Audit the financial status of student organizations and facility accounts.
- Coordinate the production and dissemination of university publications, such as course catalogs and class schedules.
- Write grants to procure external funding, and supervise grant-funded projects.
- Direct activities of administrative departments, such as admissions, registration, and career services.
- Direct scholarship, fellowship, and loan programs, performing activities such as selecting recipients and distributing aid.
- Oversee facilities management for the university, including construction, repair, and maintenance projects.
- Prepare, maintain, or oversee the preparation and maintenance of attendance, activity, planning, or personnel reports and records.
- Plan, coordinate, and oversee school logistics programs, such as bus and food services.
- Direct and coordinate school maintenance services and the use of school facilities.
- Evaluate curricula, teaching methods, and programs to determine their effectiveness, efficiency, and use, and to ensure compliance with federal, state, and local regulations.
- Observe teaching methods and examine learning materials to evaluate and standardize curricula and teaching techniques and to determine areas for improvement.
- Counsel and provide guidance to students regarding personal, academic, vocational, or behavioral issues.
- Collaborate with teachers to develop and maintain curriculum standards, develop mission statements, and set performance goals and objectives.
- Direct and coordinate activities of teachers, administrators, and support staff at schools, public agencies, and institutions.
- Recruit, hire, train, and evaluate primary and supplemental staff.
- Confer with parents and staff to discuss educational activities, policies, and student behavior or learning problems.
- Enforce discipline and attendance rules.
- Create school improvement plans, using student performance data.
- Set educational standards and goals, and help establish policies and procedures to carry them out.
- Plan and lead professional development activities for teachers, administrators, and support staff.
- Participate in special education-related activities, such as attending meetings and providing support to special educators throughout the district.
- Plan and develop instructional methods and content for educational, vocational, or student activity programs.
- Determine the scope of educational program offerings, and prepare drafts of course schedules and descriptions to estimate staffing and facility requirements.
- Prepare and submit budget requests and recommendations, or grant proposals to solicit program funding.
- Recommend personnel actions related to programs and services.
- Review and approve new programs, or recommend modifications to existing programs, submitting program proposals for school board approval as necessary.
- Develop partnerships with businesses, communities, and other organizations to help meet identified educational needs and to provide school-to-work programs.
- Review and interpret government codes, and develop programs to ensure adherence to codes and facility safety, security, and maintenance.
- Determine allocations of funds for staff, supplies, materials, and equipment, and authorize purchases.
- Organize and direct committees of specialists, volunteers, and staff to provide technical and advisory assistance for programs.
- Mentor and support administrative staff members, such as superintendents and principals.
- Establish, coordinate, and oversee particular programs across school districts, such as programs to evaluate student academic achievement.
- Coordinate and direct extracurricular activities and programs, such as after-school events and athletic contests.
- Advocate for new schools to be built, or for existing facilities to be repaired or remodeled.
- Teach classes or courses to students.
- Meet with federal, state, and local agencies to stay abreast of policies and to discuss improvements for education programs.
- Write articles, manuals, and other publications, and assist in the distribution of promotional literature about facilities and programs.
- Collect and analyze survey data, regulatory information, and data on demographic and employment trends to forecast enrollment patterns and curriculum change needs.
- Prepare, maintain, or oversee the preparation and maintenance of attendance, activity, planning, or personnel reports and records.
- Plan, coordinate, and oversee school logistics programs, such as bus and food services.
- Direct and coordinate school maintenance services and the use of school facilities.
- Organize and supervise activities, such as the processing of incoming and outgoing mail.
- Direct and coordinate operational, management, and supportive services of one or a number of postal facilities.
- Monitor employees' work schedules and attendance for payroll purposes.
- Resolve customer complaints.
- Prepare employee work schedules.
- Hire and train employees, and evaluate their performance.
- Prepare and submit detailed and summary reports of post office activities to designated supervisors.
- Negotiate labor disputes.
- Select and train postmasters and managers of associate postal units.
- Inform the public of available services, and of postal laws and regulations.
- Issue and cash money orders.
- Collect rents for post office boxes.
- Confer with suppliers to obtain bids for proposed purchases and to requisition supplies, disbursing funds according to federal regulations.
- Organize and supervise activities, such as the processing of incoming and outgoing mail.
- Direct and coordinate operational, management, and supportive services of one or a number of postal facilities.
- Design or coordinate successive phases of problem analysis, solution proposals, or testing.
- Plan or direct research, development, or production activities.
- Hire, supervise, or evaluate engineers, technicians, researchers, or other staff.
- Review project activities and prepare and review research, testing, or operational reports.
- Confer with scientists, engineers, regulators, or others to plan or review projects or to provide technical assistance.
- Develop client relationships and communicate with clients to explain proposals, present research findings, establish specifications, or discuss project status.
- Determine scientific or technical goals within broad outlines provided by top management and make detailed plans to accomplish these goals.
- Prepare project proposals.
- Develop or implement policies, standards, or procedures for the architectural, scientific, or technical work performed to ensure regulatory compliance or operations enhancement.
- Recruit personnel or oversee the development or maintenance of staff competence.
- Prepare and administer budgets, approve and review expenditures, and prepare financial reports.
- Conduct own research in field of expertise.
- Develop innovative technology or train staff for its implementation.
- Make presentations at professional meetings to further knowledge in the field.
- Provide for stewardship of plant or animal resources or habitats, studying land use, monitoring animal populations, or providing shelter, resources, or medical treatment for animals.
- Advise or assist in obtaining patents or meeting other legal requirements.
- Design or coordinate successive phases of problem analysis, solution proposals, or testing.
- Plan or direct research, development, or production activities.
- Direct daily operations of department, analyzing workflow, establishing priorities, developing standards and setting deadlines.
- Review project plans to plan and coordinate project activity.
- Meet with department heads, managers, supervisors, vendors, and others, to solicit cooperation and resolve problems.
- Assign and review the work of systems analysts, programmers, and other computer-related workers.
- Provide users with technical support for computer problems.
- Develop computer information resources, providing for data security and control, strategic computing, and disaster recovery.
- Recruit, hire, train and supervise staff, or participate in staffing decisions.
- Stay abreast of advances in technology.
- Consult with users, management, vendors, and technicians to assess computing needs and system requirements.
- Develop and interpret organizational goals, policies, and procedures.
- Evaluate the organization's technology use and needs and recommend improvements, such as hardware and software upgrades.
- Review and approve all systems charts and programs prior to their implementation.
- Prepare and review operational reports or project progress reports.
- Evaluate data processing proposals to assess project feasibility and requirements.
- Control operational budget and expenditures.
- Purchase necessary equipment.
- Manage backup, security and user help systems.
- Direct daily operations of department, analyzing workflow, establishing priorities, developing standards and setting deadlines.
- Review project plans to plan and coordinate project activity.
- Prepare and maintain attendance, activity, planning, accounting, or personnel reports and records for officials and agencies, or direct preparation and maintenance activities.
- Plan, direct, and monitor instructional methods and content of educational, vocational, or student activity programs.
- Confer with parents and staff to discuss educational activities and policies and students' behavioral or learning problems.
- Monitor students' progress and provide students and teachers with assistance in resolving any problems.
- Recruit, hire, train, and evaluate primary and supplemental staff and recommend personnel actions for programs and services.
- Teach classes or courses or provide direct care to children.
- Set educational standards and goals and help establish policies, procedures, and programs to carry them out.
- Determine the scope of educational program offerings and prepare drafts of program schedules and descriptions to estimate staffing and facility requirements.
- Determine allocations of funds for staff, supplies, materials, and equipment and authorize purchases.
- Direct and coordinate activities of teachers or administrators at daycare centers, schools, public agencies, or institutions.
- Review and interpret government codes and develop procedures to meet codes and to ensure facility safety, security, and maintenance.
- Review and evaluate new and current programs to determine their efficiency, effectiveness, and compliance with state, local, and federal regulations and recommend any necessary modifications.
- Collect and analyze survey data, regulatory information, and demographic and employment trends to forecast enrollment patterns and the need for curriculum changes.
- Inform businesses, community groups, and governmental agencies about educational needs, available programs, and program policies.
- Write articles, manuals, and other publications and assist in the distribution of promotional literature about programs and facilities.
- Prepare and submit budget requests or grant proposals to solicit program funding.
- Organize and direct committees of specialists, volunteers, and staff to provide technical and advisory assistance for programs.
- Prepare and maintain attendance, activity, planning, accounting, or personnel reports and records for officials and agencies, or direct preparation and maintenance activities.
- Plan, direct, and monitor instructional methods and content of educational, vocational, or student activity programs.
- Coordinate clerical, record-keeping, inventory, requisitioning, and marketing activities.
- Determine, administer, and execute policies relating to operations administration and standards, facility maintenance, and safety.
- Collect and record growth, production, and environmental data.
- Manage nurseries that grow horticultural plants for sale to trade or retail customers, for display or exhibition, or for research.
- Direct and monitor trapping and spawning of fish, egg incubation, and fry rearing, applying knowledge of management and fish culturing techniques.
- Direct and monitor the transfer of mature fish to lakes, ponds, streams, or commercial tanks.
- Determine how to allocate resources and to respond to unanticipated problems, such as insect infestation, drought, and fire.
- Determine plant growing conditions, such as greenhouses, hydroponics, or natural settings, and set planting and care schedules.
- Devise and participate in activities to improve fish hatching and growth rates, and to prevent disease in hatcheries.
- Position and regulate plant irrigation systems, and program environmental and irrigation control computers.
- Prepare reports required by state and federal laws.
- Inspect facilities and equipment for signs of disrepair, and perform necessary maintenance work.
- Maintain financial, operational, production, or employment records for farms or ranches.
- Direct the breeding or raising of stock, such as cattle, poultry, or honeybees, using recognized breeding practices to ensure stock improvement.
- Negotiate with buyers for the sale, storage, or shipment of crops or livestock.
- Coordinate the selection and maintenance of brood stock.
- Analyze soil to determine types or quantities of fertilizer required for maximum crop production.
- Provide information to customers on the care of trees, shrubs, flowers, plants, and lawns.
- Analyze market conditions to determine acreage allocations.
- Supervise the construction of farm or ranch structures, such as buildings, fences, drainage systems, wells, or roads.
- Replace chemical insecticides with environmentally friendly practices, such as adding pest-repelling plants to fields.
- Conduct inspections to determine crop maturity or condition or to detect disease or insect infestation.
- Conduct or supervise stock examinations to identify diseases or parasites.
- Determine types or quantities of crops, plants, or livestock to be grown and raised, based on budgets, federal incentives, market conditions, executive directives, projected sales volumes, or soil conditions.
- Direct crop production operations, such as planning, tilling, planting, fertilizing, cultivating, spraying, and harvesting.
- Evaluate marketing or sales alternatives for products.
- Hire, supervise, and train support workers.
- Monitor activities, such as irrigation, chemical application, harvesting, milking, breeding, and grading, to ensure adherence to safety regulations or standards.
- Monitor environments to ensure maintenance of optimum animal or plant life.
- Obtain financing for and purchase necessary machinery, land, supplies, or livestock.
- Coordinate clerical, record-keeping, inventory, requisitioning, and marketing activities.
- Determine, administer, and execute policies relating to operations administration and standards, facility maintenance, and safety.
- Implement new or improved supply chain processes to improve efficiency or performance.
- Participate in the coordination of engineering changes, product line extensions, or new product launches to ensure orderly and timely transitions in material or production flow.
- Determine appropriate equipment and staffing levels to load, unload, move, or store materials.
- Manage activities related to strategic or tactical purchasing, material requirements planning, controlling inventory, warehousing, or receiving.
- Select transportation routes to maximize economy by combining shipments or consolidating warehousing and distribution.
- Define performance metrics for measurement, comparison, or evaluation of supply chain factors, such as product cost or quality.
- Develop procedures for coordination of supply chain management with other functional areas, such as sales, marketing, finance, production, or quality assurance.
- Confer with supply chain planners to forecast demand or create supply plans that ensure availability of materials or products.
- Analyze inventories to determine how to increase inventory turns, reduce waste, or optimize customer service.
- Negotiate prices and terms with suppliers, vendors, or freight forwarders.
- Analyze information about supplier performance or procurement program success.
- Monitor suppliers' activities to assess performance in meeting quality or delivery requirements.
- Design or implement supply chains that support business strategies adapted to changing market conditions, new business opportunities, or cost reduction strategies.
- Meet with suppliers to discuss performance metrics, to provide performance feedback, or to discuss production forecasts or changes.
- Monitor forecasts and quotas to identify changes and predict effects on supply chain activities.
- Identify or qualify new suppliers in collaboration with other departments, such as procurement, engineering, or quality assurance.
- Design or implement plant warehousing strategies for production materials or finished products.
- Design, implement, or oversee product take back or reverse logistics programs to ensure products are recycled, reused, or responsibly disposed.
- Develop or implement procedures or systems to evaluate or select suppliers.
- Document physical supply chain processes, such as workflows, cycle times, position responsibilities, or system flows.
- Diagram supply chain models to help facilitate discussions with customers.
- Evaluate and select information or other technology solutions to improve tracking and reporting of materials or products distribution, storage, or inventory.
- Identify opportunities to reuse or recycle materials to minimize consumption of new materials, minimize waste, or to convert wastes to by-products.
- Review or update supply chain practices in accordance with new or changing environmental policies, standards, regulations, or laws.
- Design or implement supply chains that support environmental policies.
- Forecast material costs or develop standard cost lists.
- Locate or select biodegradable, non-toxic, or other environmentally friendly raw materials for manufacturing processes.
- Appraise vendor manufacturing capabilities through on-site observations or other measurements.
- Conduct or oversee the conduct of life cycle analyses to determine the environmental impacts of products, processes, or systems.
- Investigate or review the carbon footprints and environmental performance records of current or potential storage and distribution service providers.
- Implement new or improved supply chain processes to improve efficiency or performance.
- Participate in the coordination of engineering changes, product line extensions, or new product launches to ensure orderly and timely transitions in material or production flow.
- Direct or coordinate production, processing, distribution, or marketing activities of industrial organizations.
- Coordinate or recommend procedures for facility or equipment maintenance or modification, including the replacement of machines.
- Develop or enforce procedures for normal operation of manufacturing systems.
- Set and monitor product standards, examining samples of raw products or directing testing during processing, to ensure finished products are of prescribed quality.
- Review processing schedules or production orders to make decisions concerning inventory requirements, staffing requirements, work procedures, or duty assignments, considering budgetary limitations and time constraints.
- Review operations and confer with technical or administrative staff to resolve production or processing problems.
- Hire, train, evaluate, or discharge staff or resolve personnel grievances.
- Develop or implement production tracking or quality control systems, analyzing production, quality control, maintenance, or other operational reports to detect production problems.
- Prepare and maintain production reports or personnel records.
- Review plans and confer with research or support staff to develop new products or processes.
- Develop budgets or approve expenditures for supplies, materials, or human resources, ensuring that materials, labor, or equipment are used efficiently to meet production targets.
- Maintain current knowledge of the quality control field, relying on current literature pertaining to materials use, technological advances, or statistical studies.
- Initiate or coordinate inventory or cost control programs.
- Negotiate materials prices with suppliers.
- Conduct site audits to ensure adherence to safety and environmental regulations.
- Implement operational and emergency procedures.
- Maintain records to demonstrate compliance with safety and environmental laws, regulations, or policies.
- Monitor permit requirements for updates.
- Optimize operational costs and productivity consistent with safety and environmental rules and regulations.
- Prepare reports on operations and system productivity or efficiency.
- Supervise subordinate employees.
- Direct or coordinate production, processing, distribution, or marketing activities of industrial organizations.
- Coordinate or recommend procedures for facility or equipment maintenance or modification, including the replacement of machines.
- Develop or enforce procedures for normal operation of manufacturing systems.
- Perform managerial duties such as hiring and training employees and overseeing facility needs or requirements.
- Redesign the movement of goods to maximize value and minimize costs.
- Plan, organize, and execute logistics support activities, such as maintenance planning, repair analysis, and test equipment recommendations.
- Maintain and develop positive business relationships with a customer's key personnel involved in, or directly relevant to, a logistics activity.
- Develop an understanding of customers' needs and take actions to ensure that such needs are met.
- Manage subcontractor activities, reviewing proposals, developing performance specifications, and serving as liaisons between subcontractors and organizations.
- Develop proposals that include documentation for estimates.
- Review logistics performance with customers against targets, benchmarks, and service agreements.
- Direct availability and allocation of materials, supplies, and finished products.
- Explain proposed solutions to customers, management, or other interested parties through written proposals and oral presentations.
- Direct team activities, establishing task priorities, scheduling and tracking work assignments, providing guidance, and ensuring the availability of resources.
- Collaborate with other departments as necessary to meet customer requirements, to take advantage of sales opportunities or, in the case of shortages, to minimize negative impacts on a business.
- Report project plans, progress, and results.
- Protect and control proprietary materials.
- Stay informed of logistics technology advances and apply appropriate technology to improve logistics processes.
- Develop and implement technical project management tools, such as plans, schedules, and responsibility and compliance matrices.
- Provide project management services, including the provision and analysis of technical data.
- Manage the logistical aspects of product life cycles, including coordination or provisioning of samples, and the minimization of obsolescence.
- Perform system lifecycle cost analysis and develop component studies.
- Participate in the assessment and review of design alternatives and design change proposal impacts.
- Direct and support the compilation and analysis of technical source data necessary for product development.
- Support the development of training materials and technical manuals.
- Perform managerial duties such as hiring and training employees and overseeing facility needs or requirements.
- Redesign the movement of goods to maximize value and minimize costs.
- Plan, organize, and execute logistics support activities, such as maintenance planning, repair analysis, and test equipment recommendations.
- Direct activities of accounting or operations departments.
- Develop or direct development of offering documents or marketing materials.
- Manage investment funds to maximize return on client investments.
- Select specific investments or investment mixes for purchase by an investment fund.
- Monitor financial or operational performance of individual investments to ensure portfolios meet risk goals.
- Select or direct the execution of trades.
- Develop or implement fund investment policies or strategies.
- Perform or evaluate research, such as detailed company or industry analyses, to inform financial forecasting, decision making, or valuation.
- Present investment information, such as product risks, fees, or fund performance statistics.
- Develop, implement, or monitor security valuation policies.
- Meet with investors to determine investment goals or to discuss investment strategies.
- Attend investment briefings or consult financial media to stay abreast of relevant investment markets.
- Prepare for and respond to regulatory inquiries.
- Evaluate the potential of new product developments or market opportunities, according to factors such as business plans, technologies, or market potential.
- Hire or evaluate staff.
- Monitor regulatory or tax law changes to ensure fund compliance or to capitalize on development opportunities.
- Analyze acquisitions to ensure conformance with strategic goals or regulatory requirements.
- Verify regulatory compliance of transaction reporting.
- Review offering documents or marketing materials to ensure regulatory compliance.
- Identify group or individual target investors for a specific fund.
- Direct activities of accounting or operations departments.
- Develop or direct development of offering documents or marketing materials.
- Monitor project milestones and deliverables.
- Negotiate with project stakeholders or suppliers to obtain resources or materials.
- Assign duties or responsibilities to project personnel.
- Communicate with key stakeholders to determine project requirements and objectives.
- Confer with project personnel to identify and resolve problems.
- Create project status presentations for delivery to customers or project personnel.
- Develop or update project plans including information such as objectives, technologies, schedules, funding, and staffing.
- Identify project needs such as resources, staff, or finances by reviewing project objectives and schedules.
- Identify, review, or select vendors or consultants to meet project needs.
- Monitor costs incurred by project staff to identify budget issues.
- Monitor the performance of project team members to provide performance feedback.
- Plan, schedule, or coordinate project activities to meet deadlines.
- Prepare and submit budget estimates, progress reports, or cost tracking reports.
- Produce and distribute project documents.
- Propose, review, or approve modifications to project plans.
- Recruit or hire project personnel.
- Report project status, such as budget, resources, technical issues, or customer satisfaction, to managers.
- Request and review project updates to ensure deadlines are met.
- Schedule or facilitate project meetings.
- Submit project deliverables to clients, ensuring adherence to quality standards.
- Monitor project milestones and deliverables.
- Negotiate with project stakeholders or suppliers to obtain resources or materials.
- Direct, review, or approve project design changes.
- Plan or direct the installation, testing, operation, maintenance, or repair of facilities or equipment.
- Manage the coordination and overall integration of technical activities in architecture or engineering projects.
- Consult or negotiate with clients to prepare project specifications.
- Prepare budgets, bids, or contracts.
- Present and explain proposals, reports, or findings to clients.
- Confer with management, production, or marketing staff to discuss project specifications or procedures.
- Assess project feasibility by analyzing technology, resource needs, or market demand.
- Review, recommend, or approve contracts or cost estimates.
- Develop or implement policies, standards, or procedures for engineering and technical work.
- Establish scientific or technical goals within broad outlines provided by top management.
- Direct recruitment, placement, and evaluation of architecture or engineering project staff.
- Perform administrative functions, such as reviewing or writing reports, approving expenditures, enforcing rules, or purchasing of materials or services.
- Develop or implement programs to improve sustainability or reduce the environmental impacts of engineering or architecture activities or operations.
- Evaluate the environmental impacts of engineering, architecture, or research and development activities.
- Identify environmental threats or opportunities associated with the development and launch of new technologies.
- Plan, direct, or coordinate survey work with other project activities.
- Evaluate environmental regulations or social pressures related to environmental issues to inform strategic or operational decision-making.
- Solicit project support by conferring with officials or providing information to the public.
- Direct the engineering of water control, treatment, or distribution projects.
- Administer highway planning, construction, or maintenance.
- Direct, review, or approve project design changes.
- Plan or direct the installation, testing, operation, maintenance, or repair of facilities or equipment.
- Manage and oversee operations, maintenance, administration, and improvement of commercial, industrial, or residential properties.
- Plan, schedule, and coordinate general maintenance, major repairs, and remodeling or construction projects for commercial or residential properties.
- Prepare detailed budgets and financial reports for properties.
- Direct collection of monthly assessments, rental fees, and deposits and payment of insurance premiums, mortgage, taxes, and incurred operating expenses.
- Meet with clients to negotiate management and service contracts, determine priorities, and discuss the financial and operational status of properties.
- Direct and coordinate the activities of staff and contract personnel and evaluate their performance.
- Prepare and administer contracts for provision of property services, such as cleaning, maintenance, and security services.
- Market vacant space to prospective tenants through leasing agents, advertising, or other methods.
- Act as liaisons between on-site managers or tenants and owners.
- Investigate complaints, disturbances, and violations and resolve problems, following management rules and regulations.
- Inspect grounds, facilities, and equipment routinely to determine necessity of repairs or maintenance.
- Maintain records of sales, rental or usage activity, special permits issued, maintenance and operating costs, or property availability.
- Meet with boards of directors and committees to discuss and resolve legal and environmental issues or disputes between neighbors.
- Solicit and analyze bids from contractors for repairs, renovations, and maintenance.
- Maintain contact with insurance carriers, fire and police departments, and other agencies to ensure protection and compliance with codes and regulations.
- Confer with legal authorities to ensure that renting and advertising practices are not discriminatory and that properties comply with state and federal regulations.
- Purchase building and maintenance supplies, equipment, or furniture.
- Review rents to ensure that they are in line with rental markets.
- Clean common areas, change light bulbs, and make minor property repairs.
- Determine and certify the eligibility of prospective tenants, following government regulations.
- Confer regularly with community association members to ensure their needs are being met.
- Meet with prospective tenants to show properties, explain terms of occupancy, and provide information about local areas.
- Analyze information on property values, taxes, zoning, population growth, and traffic volume and patterns to determine if properties should be acquired.
- Negotiate the sale, lease, or development of property and complete or review appropriate documents and forms.
- Contract with architectural firms to draw up detailed plans for new structures.
- Negotiate short- and long-term loans to finance construction and ownership of structures.
- Negotiate with government leaders, businesses, special interest representatives, and utility companies to gain support for new projects and to eliminate potential obstacles.
- Manage and oversee operations, maintenance, administration, and improvement of commercial, industrial, or residential properties.
- Plan, schedule, and coordinate general maintenance, major repairs, and remodeling or construction projects for commercial or residential properties.
- Direct the tracking of defects, test results, or other regularly reported quality control data.
- Stop production if serious product defects are present.
- Review and update standard operating procedures or quality assurance manuals.
- Monitor performance of quality control systems to ensure effectiveness and efficiency.
- Review quality documentation necessary for regulatory submissions and inspections.
- Analyze quality control test results and provide feedback and interpretation to production management or staff.
- Verify that raw materials, purchased parts or components, in-process samples, and finished products meet established testing and inspection standards.
- Oversee workers including supervisors, inspectors, or laboratory workers engaged in testing activities.
- Direct product testing activities throughout production cycles.
- Instruct staff in quality control and analytical procedures.
- Participate in the development of product specifications.
- Identify quality problems or areas for improvement and recommend solutions.
- Collect and analyze production samples to evaluate quality.
- Produce reports regarding nonconformance of products or processes, daily production quality, root cause analyses, or quality trends.
- Communicate quality control information to all relevant organizational departments, outside vendors, or contractors.
- Monitor development of new products to help identify possible problems for mass production.
- Identify critical points in the manufacturing process and specify sampling procedures to be used at these points.
- Create and implement inspection and testing criteria or procedures.
- Document testing procedures, methodologies, or criteria.
- Review statistical studies, technological advances, or regulatory standards and trends to stay abreast of issues in the field of quality control.
- Coordinate the selection and implementation of quality control equipment, such as inspection gauges.
- Generate and maintain quality control operating budgets.
- Instruct vendors or contractors on quality guidelines, testing procedures, or ways to eliminate deficiencies.
- Confer with marketing and sales departments to define client requirements and expectations.
- Evaluate new testing and sampling methodologies or technologies to determine usefulness.
- Review and approve quality plans submitted by contractors.
- Audit and inspect subcontractor facilities including external laboratories.
- Direct the tracking of defects, test results, or other regularly reported quality control data.
- Stop production if serious product defects are present.
- Direct sustainability program operations to ensure compliance with environmental or governmental regulations.
- Monitor and evaluate effectiveness of sustainability programs.
- Develop or execute strategies to address issues such as energy use, resource conservation, recycling, pollution reduction, waste elimination, transportation, education, and building design.
- Develop, or oversee the development of, sustainability evaluation or monitoring systems.
- Supervise employees or volunteers working on sustainability projects.
- Develop sustainability reports, presentations, or proposals for supplier, employee, academia, media, government, public interest, or other groups.
- Develop, or oversee the development of, marketing or outreach media for sustainability projects or events.
- Identify and evaluate pilot projects or programs to enhance the sustainability research agenda.
- Create and maintain sustainability program documents, such as schedules and budgets.
- Formulate or implement sustainability campaign or marketing strategies.
- Research environmental sustainability issues, concerns, or stakeholder interests.
- Evaluate and approve proposals for sustainability projects, considering factors such as cost effectiveness, technical feasibility, and integration with other initiatives.
- Develop methodologies to assess the viability or success of sustainability initiatives.
- Review sustainability program objectives, progress, or status to ensure compliance with policies, standards, regulations, or laws.
- Write and distribute financial or environmental impact reports.
- Write project proposals, grant applications, or other documents to pursue funding for environmental initiatives.
- Identify educational, training, or other development opportunities for sustainability employees or volunteers.
- Conduct risk assessments related to sustainability and the environment.
- Direct sustainability program operations to ensure compliance with environmental or governmental regulations.
- Manage change in integrated health care delivery systems, such as work restructuring, technological innovations, and shifts in the focus of care.
- Direct, supervise and evaluate work activities of medical, nursing, technical, clerical, service, maintenance, and other personnel.
- Develop and maintain computerized record management systems to store and process data, such as personnel activities and information, and to produce reports.
- Plan, implement, and administer programs and services in a health care or medical facility, including personnel administration, training, and coordination of medical, nursing and physical plant staff.
- Conduct and administer fiscal operations, including accounting, planning budgets, authorizing expenditures, establishing rates for services, and coordinating financial reporting.
- Maintain awareness of advances in medicine, computerized diagnostic and treatment equipment, data processing technology, government regulations, health insurance changes, and financing options.
- Establish work schedules and assignments for staff, according to workload, space, and equipment availability.
- Monitor the use of diagnostic services, inpatient beds, facilities, and staff to ensure effective use of resources and assess the need for additional staff, equipment, and services.
- Direct or conduct recruitment, hiring, and training of personnel.
- Maintain communication between governing boards, medical staff, and department heads by attending board meetings and coordinating interdepartmental functioning.
- Establish objectives and evaluative or operational criteria for units managed.
- Develop and implement organizational policies and procedures for the facility or medical unit.
- Review and analyze facility activities and data to aid planning and cash and risk management and to improve service utilization.
- Prepare activity reports to inform management of the status and implementation plans of programs, services, and quality initiatives.
- Develop or expand and implement medical programs or health services that promote research, rehabilitation, and community health.
- Consult with medical, business, and community groups to discuss service problems, respond to community needs, enhance public relations, coordinate activities and plans, and promote health programs.
- Develop instructional materials and conduct in-service and community-based educational programs.
- Inspect facilities and recommend building or equipment modifications to ensure emergency readiness and compliance to access, safety, and sanitation regulations.
- Manage change in integrated health care delivery systems, such as work restructuring, technological innovations, and shifts in the focus of care.
- Oversee training programs.
- Establish and maintain relationships with individual or business customers or provide assistance with problems these customers may encounter.
- Oversee the flow of cash or financial instruments.
- Plan, direct, or coordinate the activities of workers in branches, offices, or departments of establishments, such as branch banks, brokerage firms, risk and insurance departments, or credit departments.
- Recruit staff members.
- Evaluate data pertaining to costs to plan budgets.
- Establish procedures for custody or control of assets, records, loan collateral, or securities to ensure safekeeping.
- Communicate with stockholders or other investors to provide information or to raise capital.
- Develop or analyze information to assess the current or future financial status of firms.
- Approve, reject, or coordinate the approval or rejection of lines of credit or commercial, real estate, or personal loans.
- Prepare financial or regulatory reports required by laws, regulations, or boards of directors.
- Examine, evaluate, or process loan applications.
- Evaluate financial reporting systems, accounting or collection procedures, or investment activities and make recommendations for changes to procedures, operating systems, budgets, or other financial control functions.
- Network within communities to find and attract new business.
- Prepare operational or risk reports for management analysis.
- Plan, direct, and coordinate risk and insurance programs of establishments to control risks and losses.
- Review collection reports to determine the status of collections and the amounts of outstanding balances.
- Analyze and classify risks and investments to determine their potential impacts on companies.
- Direct insurance negotiations, select insurance brokers or carriers, and place insurance.
- Submit delinquent accounts to attorneys or outside agencies for collection.
- Review reports of securities transactions or price lists to analyze market conditions.
- Oversee training programs.
- Review, evaluate, accept, and coordinate completion of work bid from contractors.
- Inspect, test, and measure completed work, using devices such as hand tools or gauges to verify conformance to standards or repair requirements.
- Inspect and monitor work areas, examine tools and equipment, and provide employee safety training to prevent, detect, and correct unsafe conditions or violations of procedures and safety rules.
- Interpret specifications, blueprints, or job orders to construct templates and lay out reference points for workers.
- Monitor employees' work levels and review work performance.
- Perform skilled repair or maintenance operations, using equipment such as hand or power tools, hydraulic presses or shears, or welding equipment.
- Compute estimates and actual costs of factors such as materials, labor, or outside contractors.
- Monitor tool and part inventories and the condition and maintenance of shops to ensure adequate working conditions.
- Requisition materials and supplies, such as tools, equipment, or replacement parts.
- Confer with personnel, such as management, engineering, quality control, customer, or union workers' representatives, to coordinate work activities, resolve employee grievances, or identify and review resource needs.
- Determine schedules, sequences, and assignments for work activities, based on work priority, quantity of equipment, and skill of personnel.
- Examine objects, systems, or facilities and analyze information to determine needed installations, services, or repairs.
- Counsel employees about work-related issues and assist employees to correct job-skill deficiencies.
- Recommend or initiate personnel actions, such as hires, promotions, transfers, discharges, or disciplinary measures.
- Investigate accidents or injuries and prepare reports of findings.
- Conduct or arrange for worker training in safety, repair, or maintenance techniques, operational procedures, or equipment use.
- Develop, implement, or evaluate maintenance policies and procedures.
- Meet with vendors or suppliers to discuss products used in repair work.
- Participate in budget preparation and administration, coordinating purchasing and documentation and monitoring departmental expenditures.
- Compile operational or personnel records, such as time and production records, inventory data, repair or maintenance statistics, or test results.
- Develop or implement electronic maintenance programs or computer information management systems.
- Design equipment configurations to meet personnel needs.
- Review, evaluate, accept, and coordinate completion of work bid from contractors.
- Direct or participate in emergency management and contingency planning.
- Analyze and evaluate security operations to identify risks or opportunities for improvement through auditing, review, or assessment.
- Assess risks to mitigate potential consequences of incidents and develop a plan to respond to incidents.
- Attend meetings, professional seminars, or conferences to keep abreast of changes in executive legislative directives or new technologies impacting security operations.
- Communicate security status, updates, and actual or potential problems, using established protocols.
- Conduct physical examinations of property to ensure compliance with security policies and regulations.
- Conduct threat or vulnerability analyses to determine probable frequency, criticality, consequence, or severity of natural or man-made disasters or criminal activity on the organization's profitability or delivery of products or services.
- Coordinate security operations or activities with public law enforcement, fire and other agencies.
- Create or implement security standards, policies, and procedures.
- Develop budgets for security operations.
- Develop or manage investigation programs, including collection and preservation of video and notes of surveillance processes or investigative interviews.
- Develop, arrange for, perform, or assess executive protection activities to reduce security risks.
- Develop, conduct, support, or assist in governmental reviews, internal corporate evaluations, or assessments of the overall effectiveness of facility and personnel security processes.
- Develop, implement, manage, or evaluate policies and methods to protect personnel against harassment, threats, or violence.
- Develop, recommend, or manage security procedures for operations or processes, such as security call centers, access control, and reporting tools.
- Identify, investigate, or resolve security breaches.
- Monitor and ensure a sound, ethical environment.
- Monitor security policies, programs or procedures to ensure compliance with internal security policies, or applicable government security requirements, policies, and directives.
- Plan security for special and high-risk events.
- Plan, direct, or coordinate security activities to safeguard company employees, guests, or others on company property.
- Prepare reports or make presentations on internal investigations, losses, or violations of regulations, policies and procedures.
- Purchase security-related supplies, equipment, or technology.
- Respond to medical emergencies, bomb threats, fire alarms, or intrusion alarms, following emergency response procedures.
- Review financial reports to ensure efficiency and quality of security operations.
- Supervise or provide leadership to subordinate security professionals, performing activities such as hiring, investigating applicants' backgrounds, training, assigning work, evaluating performance, or disciplining.
- Support efforts to reduce substance abuse or other illegal activities in the workplace.
- Train subordinate security professionals or other organization members in security rules and procedures.
- Write or review security-related documents, such as incident reports, proposals, and tactical or strategic initiatives.
- Direct or participate in emergency management and contingency planning.
- Direct inbound or outbound operations, such as transportation or warehouse activities, safety performance, and logistics quality management.
- Supervise the activities of workers engaged in receiving, storing, testing, and shipping products or materials.
- Plan, develop, or implement warehouse safety and security programs and activities.
- Inspect physical conditions of warehouses, vehicle fleets, or equipment and order testing, maintenance, repairs, or replacements.
- Plan, organize, or manage the work of subordinate staff to ensure that the work is accomplished in a manner consistent with organizational requirements.
- Collaborate with other departments to integrate logistics with business systems or processes, such as customer sales, order management, accounting, or shipping.
- Analyze all aspects of corporate logistics to determine the most cost-effective or efficient means of transporting products or supplies.
- Resolve problems concerning transportation, logistics systems, imports or exports, or customer issues.
- Develop and document standard and emergency operating procedures for receiving, handling, storing, shipping, or salvaging products or materials.
- Monitor operations to ensure that staff members comply with administrative policies and procedures, safety rules, union contracts, environmental policies, or government regulations.
- Analyze the financial impact of proposed logistics changes, such as routing, shipping modes, product volumes or mixes, or carriers.
- Monitor inventory levels of products or materials in warehouses.
- Establish or monitor specific supply chain-based performance measurement systems.
- Prepare and manage departmental budgets.
- Monitor product import or export processes to ensure compliance with regulatory or legal requirements.
- Prepare management recommendations, such as proposed fee and tariff increases or schedule changes.
- Interview, select, and train warehouse and supervisory personnel.
- Advise sales and billing departments of transportation charges for customers' accounts.
- Analyze expenditures and other financial information to develop plans, policies, or budgets for increasing profits or improving services.
- Confer with department heads to coordinate warehouse activities, such as production, sales, records control, or purchasing.
- Implement specific customer requirements, such as internal reporting or customized transportation metrics.
- Maintain metrics, reports, process documentation, customer service logs, or training or safety records.
- Examine invoices and shipping manifests for conformity to tariff and customs regulations.
- Plan or implement energy saving changes to transportation services, such as reducing routes, optimizing capacities, employing alternate modes of transportation, or minimizing idling.
- Evaluate contractors or business partners for operational efficiency or safety or environmental performance records.
- Negotiate with carriers, warehouse operators, or insurance company representatives for services and preferential rates.
- Develop or implement plans for facility modification or expansion, such as equipment purchase or changes in space allocation or structural design.
- Plan or implement improvements to internal or external systems or processes.
- Recommend or authorize capital expenditures for acquisition of new equipment or property to increase efficiency and services.
- Review invoices, work orders, consumption reports, or demand forecasts to estimate peak performance periods and to issue work assignments.
- Direct inbound or outbound operations, such as transportation or warehouse activities, safety performance, and logistics quality management.
- Direct the requisition, collection, labeling, storage, or shipment of specimens.
- Schedule subjects for appointments, procedures, or inpatient stays as required by study protocols.
- Perform specific protocol procedures such as interviewing subjects, taking vital signs, and performing electrocardiograms.
- Assess eligibility of potential subjects through methods such as screening interviews, reviews of medical records, or discussions with physicians and nurses.
- Prepare study-related documentation, such as protocol worksheets, procedural manuals, adverse event reports, institutional review board documents, or progress reports.
- Inform patients or caregivers about study aspects and outcomes to be expected.
- Record adverse event and side effect data and confer with investigators regarding the reporting of events to oversight agencies.
- Monitor study activities to ensure compliance with protocols and with all relevant local, federal, and state regulatory and institutional polices.
- Oversee subject enrollment to ensure that informed consent is properly obtained and documented.
- Maintain required records of study activity including case report forms, drug dispensation records, or regulatory forms.
- Identify protocol problems, inform investigators of problems, or assist in problem resolution efforts, such as protocol revisions.
- Review proposed study protocols to evaluate factors such as sample collection processes, data management plans, or potential subject risks.
- Collaborate with investigators to prepare presentations or reports of clinical study procedures, results, and conclusions.
- Track enrollment status of subjects and document dropout information such as dropout causes and subject contact efforts.
- Code, evaluate, or interpret collected study data.
- Instruct research staff in scientific and procedural aspects of studies including standards of care, informed consent procedures, or documentation procedures.
- Maintain contact with sponsors to schedule and coordinate site visits or to answer questions about issues such as incomplete data.
- Prepare for or participate in quality assurance audits conducted by study sponsors, federal agencies, or specially designated review groups.
- Order drugs or devices necessary for study completion.
- Contact outside health care providers and communicate with subjects to obtain follow-up information.
- Participate in the development of study protocols including guidelines for administration or data collection procedures.
- Confer with health care professionals to determine the best recruitment practices for studies.
- Communicate with laboratories or investigators regarding laboratory findings.
- Review scientific literature, participate in continuing education activities, or attend conferences and seminars to maintain current knowledge of clinical studies affairs and issues.
- Organize space for study equipment and supplies.
- Develop advertising and other informational materials to be used in subject recruitment.
- Dispense medical devices or drugs, and calculate dosages and provide instructions as necessary.
- Arrange for research study sites and determine staff or equipment availability.
- Interpret protocols and advise treating physicians on appropriate dosage modifications or treatment calculations based on patient characteristics.
- Contact industry representatives to ensure equipment and software specifications necessary for successful study completion.
- Register protocol patients with appropriate statistical centers as required.
- Solicit industry-sponsored trials through contacts and professional organizations.
- Participate in preparation and management of research budgets and monetary disbursements.
- Direct the requisition, collection, labeling, storage, or shipment of specimens.