Job Duties Custom List 47-2031.00 — Carpenters

Dig or direct digging of post holes and set poles to support structures.

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Closely Related Tasks	All Related Tasks	Job Zone	Code	Occupation
4	7	3	47-1011.00	First-Line Supervisors of Construction Trades and Extraction Workers
2	6	2	47-2151.00	Pipelayers
2	4	3	47-1011.03	Solar Energy Installation Managers
2	3	2	47-5041.00	Continuous Mining Machine Operators
2	3	1	47-5071.00	Roustabouts, Oil and Gas
2	3	2	49-9052.00	Telecommunications Line Installers and Repairers Bright Outlook
2	3	3	47-2111.00	Electricians
2	3	2	47-5012.00	Rotary Drill Operators, Oil and Gas
2	2	2	49-9051.00	Electrical Power-Line Installers and Repairers
1	13	1	47-2051.00	Cement Masons and Concrete Finishers
1	5	2	47-2071.00	Paving, Surfacing, and Tamping Equipment Operators
1	5	2	47-2061.00	Construction Laborers
1	4	2	47-3015.00	Helpers--Pipelayers, Plumbers, Pipefitters, and Steamfitters
1	4	2	47-5032.00	Explosives Workers, Ordnance Handling Experts, and Blasters
1	3	3	47-2022.00	Stonemasons
1	2	2	47-5081.00	Helpers--Extraction Workers
1	2	2	47-5043.00	Roof Bolters, Mining
1	2	1	47-5011.00	Derrick Operators, Oil and Gas
1	2	2	47-4031.00	Fence Erectors
1	2	2	47-2221.00	Structural Iron and Steel Workers
1	2	1	47-4071.00	Septic Tank Servicers and Sewer Pipe Cleaners
1	2	2	49-9099.01	Geothermal Technicians
1	2	2	47-3013.00	Helpers--Electricians
1	1	2	47-2171.00	Reinforcing Iron and Rebar Workers
1	1	1	47-5051.00	Rock Splitters, Quarry
1	1	2	33-9091.00	Crossing Guards and Flaggers
1	1	3	27-4015.00	Lighting Technicians
1	1	3	47-4011.00	Construction and Building Inspectors
1	1	2	47-5013.00	Service Unit Operators, Oil and Gas
1	1	2	47-2211.00	Sheet Metal Workers
1	1	3	47-2152.00	Plumbers, Pipefitters, and Steamfitters
1	1	3	49-2022.00	Telecommunications Equipment Installers and Repairers, Except Line Installers

Job Duties: First-Line Supervisors of Construction Trades and Extraction Workers

Supervise, coordinate, or schedule the activities of construction or extractive workers.
Assign work to employees, based on material or worker requirements of specific jobs.
Analyze worker or production problems and recommend solutions, such as improving production methods or implementing motivational plans.
Suggest or initiate personnel actions, such as promotions, transfers, or hires.

Coordinate work activities with other construction project activities.
Arrange for repairs of equipment or machinery.
Provide assistance to workers engaged in construction or extraction activities, using hand tools or other equipment.

Inspect work progress, equipment, or construction sites to verify safety or to ensure that specifications are met.
Read specifications, such as blueprints, to determine construction requirements or to plan procedures.
Estimate material or worker requirements to complete jobs.
Order or requisition materials or supplies.
Train workers in construction methods, operation of equipment, safety procedures, or company policies.
Locate, measure, and mark site locations or placement of structures or equipment, using measuring and marking equipment.
Confer with managerial or technical personnel, other departments, or contractors to resolve problems or to coordinate activities.
Record information, such as personnel, production, or operational data on specified forms or reports.
Supervise, coordinate, or schedule the activities of construction or extractive workers.
Assign work to employees, based on material or worker requirements of specific jobs.
Analyze worker or production problems and recommend solutions, such as improving production methods or implementing motivational plans.
Suggest or initiate personnel actions, such as promotions, transfers, or hires.
Coordinate work activities with other construction project activities.
Arrange for repairs of equipment or machinery.
Provide assistance to workers engaged in construction or extraction activities, using hand tools or other equipment.

Job Duties: Pipelayers

Dig trenches to desired or required depths, by hand or using trenching tools.
Train or supervise others in laying pipe.

Install or use instruments such as lasers, grade rods, or transit levels.
Connect pipe pieces and seal joints, using welding equipment, cement, or glue.
Cover pipes with earth or other materials.
Grade or level trench bases, using tamping machines or hand tools.

Cut pipes to required lengths.
Install or repair sanitary or stormwater sewer structures or pipe systems.
Align and position pipes to prepare them for welding or sealing.
Check slopes for conformance to requirements, using levels or lasers.
Lay out pipe routes, following written instructions or blueprints and coordinating layouts with supervisors.
Operate mechanized equipment, such as pickup trucks, rollers, tandem dump trucks, front-end loaders, or backhoes.
Tap and drill holes into pipes to introduce auxiliary lines or devices.
Locate existing pipes needing repair or replacement, using magnetic or radio indicators.
Dig trenches to desired or required depths, by hand or using trenching tools.
Train or supervise others in laying pipe.
Install or use instruments such as lasers, grade rods, or transit levels.
Connect pipe pieces and seal joints, using welding equipment, cement, or glue.
Cover pipes with earth or other materials.
Grade or level trench bases, using tamping machines or hand tools.

Job Duties: Solar Energy Installation Managers

Supervise solar installers, technicians, and subcontractors for solar installation projects to ensure compliance with safety standards.
Monitor work of contractors and subcontractors to ensure projects conform to plans, specifications, schedules, or budgets.

Plan and coordinate installations of photovoltaic (PV) solar and solar thermal systems to ensure conformance to codes.
Coordinate or schedule building inspections for solar installation projects.

Estimate materials, equipment, and personnel needed for residential or commercial solar installation projects.
Prepare solar installation project proposals, quotes, budgets, or schedules.
Assess potential solar installation sites to determine feasibility and design requirements.
Provide technical assistance to installers, technicians, or other solar professionals in areas such as solar electric systems, solar thermal systems, electrical systems, or mechanical systems.
Identify means to reduce costs, minimize risks, or increase efficiency of solar installation projects.
Perform start-up of systems for testing or customer implementation.
Assess system performance or functionality at the system, subsystem, and component levels.
Evaluate subcontractors or subcontractor bids for quality, cost, and reliability.
Visit customer sites to determine solar system needs, requirements, or specifications.
Develop and maintain system architecture, including all piping, instrumentation, or process flow diagrams.
Purchase or rent equipment for solar energy system installation.
Supervise solar installers, technicians, and subcontractors for solar installation projects to ensure compliance with safety standards.
Monitor work of contractors and subcontractors to ensure projects conform to plans, specifications, schedules, or budgets.
Plan and coordinate installations of photovoltaic (PV) solar and solar thermal systems to ensure conformance to codes.
Coordinate or schedule building inspections for solar installation projects.

Job Duties: Continuous Mining Machine Operators

Hang ventilation tubing and ventilation curtains to ensure that the mining face area is kept properly ventilated.
Guide and assist crews laying track and resetting supports and blocking.

Reposition machines to make additional holes or cuts.

Conduct methane gas checks to ensure breathing quality of air.
Check the stability of roof and rib support systems before mining face areas.
Operate mining machines to gather coal and convey it to floors or shuttle cars.
Drive machines into position at working faces.
Move controls to start and regulate movement of conveyors and to start and position drill cutters or torches.
Determine locations, boundaries, and depths of holes or channels to be cut.
Observe and listen to equipment operation to detect binding or stoppage of tools or other equipment malfunctions.
Repair, oil, and adjust machines, and change cutting teeth, using wrenches.
Install casings to prevent cave-ins.
Scrape or wash conveyors, using belt scrapers or belt washers, to minimize dust production.
Move levers to raise and lower hydraulic safety bars supporting roofs above machines until other workers complete framing.
Apply new technologies developed to minimize the environmental impact of coal mining.
Hang ventilation tubing and ventilation curtains to ensure that the mining face area is kept properly ventilated.
Guide and assist crews laying track and resetting supports and blocking.
Reposition machines to make additional holes or cuts.

Job Duties: Roustabouts, Oil and Gas

Dig holes, set forms, and mix and pour concrete into forms to make foundations for wood or steel derricks.
Dig drainage ditches around wells and storage tanks.

Supply equipment to rig floors as requested and provide assistance to roughnecks.

Unscrew or tighten pipes, casing, tubing, and pump rods, using hand and power wrenches and tongs.
Dismantle and repair oil field machinery, boilers, and steam engine parts, using hand tools and power tools.
Guide cranes to move loads about decks.
Walk flow lines to locate leaks, using electronic detectors and by making visual inspections, and repair the leaks.
Lay gas and oil pipelines.
Bolt together pump and engine parts.
Move pipes to and from trucks, using truck winches and motorized lifts, or by hand.
Clean trucks used in the fields.
Bolt or nail together wood or steel framework to erect derricks.
Clean up spilled oil by bailing it into barrels.
Keep pipe deck and main deck areas clean and tidy.
Cut down and remove trees and brush to clear drill sites, to reduce fire hazards, and to make way for roads to sites.
Dig holes, set forms, and mix and pour concrete into forms to make foundations for wood or steel derricks.
Dig drainage ditches around wells and storage tanks.
Supply equipment to rig floors as requested and provide assistance to roughnecks.

Job Duties: Telecommunications Line Installers and Repairers

Dig trenches for underground wires or cables.
Dig holes for power poles, using power augers or shovels, set poles in place with cranes, and hoist poles upright, using winches.

Fill and tamp holes, using cement, earth, and tamping devices.

Set up service for customers, installing, connecting, testing, or adjusting equipment.
Travel to customers' premises to install, maintain, or repair audio and visual electronic reception equipment or accessories.
Measure signal strength at utility poles, using electronic test equipment.
Inspect or test lines or cables, recording and analyzing test results, to assess transmission characteristics and locate faults or malfunctions.
Splice cables, using hand tools, epoxy, or mechanical equipment.
Access specific areas to string lines, or install terminal boxes, auxiliary equipment, or appliances, using bucket trucks, climbing poles or ladders, or entering tunnels, trenches, or crawl spaces.
Clean or maintain tools or test equipment.
String cables between structures and lines from poles, towers, or trenches, and pull lines to proper tension.
Pull up cable by hand from large reels mounted on trucks.
Lay underground cable directly in trenches, or string it through conduits running through trenches.
Pull cable through ducts by hand or with winches.
Explain cable service to subscribers after installation, and collect any installation fees due.
Place insulation over conductors, or seal splices with moisture-proof covering.
Compute impedance of wires from poles to houses to determine additional resistance needed for reducing signals to desired levels.
Install equipment such as amplifiers or repeaters to maintain the strength of communications transmissions.
Use a variety of construction equipment to complete installations, such as digger derricks, trenchers, or cable plows.
Participate in the construction or removal of telecommunication towers or associated support structures.
Dig trenches for underground wires or cables.
Dig holes for power poles, using power augers or shovels, set poles in place with cranes, and hoist poles upright, using winches.
Fill and tamp holes, using cement, earth, and tamping devices.

Job Duties: Electricians

Direct or train workers to install, maintain, or repair electrical wiring, equipment, or fixtures.
Perform physically demanding tasks, such as digging trenches to lay conduit or moving or lifting heavy objects.

Provide assistance during emergencies by operating floodlights or generators, placing flares, or driving needed vehicles.

Prepare sketches or follow blueprints to determine the location of wiring or equipment and to ensure conformance to building and safety codes.
Place conduit, pipes, or tubing, inside designated partitions, walls, or other concealed areas, and pull insulated wires or cables through the conduit to complete circuits between boxes.
Work from ladders, scaffolds, or roofs to install, maintain, or repair electrical wiring, equipment, or fixtures.
Use a variety of tools or equipment, such as power construction equipment, measuring devices, power tools, and testing equipment, such as oscilloscopes, ammeters, or test lamps.
Assemble, install, test, or maintain electrical or electronic wiring, equipment, appliances, apparatus, or fixtures, using hand tools or power tools.
Connect wires to circuit breakers, transformers, or other components.
Maintain current electrician's license or identification card to meet governmental regulations.
Plan layout and installation of electrical wiring, equipment, or fixtures, based on job specifications and local codes.
Test electrical systems or continuity of circuits in electrical wiring, equipment, or fixtures, using testing devices, such as ohmmeters, voltmeters, or oscilloscopes, to ensure compatibility and safety of system.
Diagnose malfunctioning systems, apparatus, or components, using test equipment and hand tools to locate the cause of a breakdown and correct the problem.
Inspect electrical systems, equipment, or components to identify hazards, defects, or the need for adjustment or repair, and to ensure compliance with codes.
Install ground leads and connect power cables to equipment, such as motors.
Advise management on whether continued operation of equipment could be hazardous.
Repair or replace wiring, equipment, or fixtures, using hand tools or power tools.
Construct or fabricate parts, using hand tools, according to specifications.
Provide preliminary sketches or cost estimates for materials or services.
Perform business management duties, such as maintaining records or files, preparing reports, or ordering supplies or equipment.
Fasten small metal or plastic boxes to walls to house electrical switches or outlets.
Direct or train workers to install, maintain, or repair electrical wiring, equipment, or fixtures.
Perform physically demanding tasks, such as digging trenches to lay conduit or moving or lifting heavy objects.
Provide assistance during emergencies by operating floodlights or generators, placing flares, or driving needed vehicles.

Job Duties: Rotary Drill Operators, Oil and Gas

Direct rig crews in drilling and other activities, such as setting up rigs and completing or servicing wells.
Dig holes, set forms, and mix and pour concrete, for foundations of steel or wooden derricks.

Position and prepare truck-mounted derricks at drilling areas specified on field maps.

Train crews, and introduce procedures to make drill work more safe and effective.
Observe pressure gauge and move throttles and levers to control the speed of rotary tables, and to regulate pressure of tools at bottoms of boreholes.
Count sections of drill rod to determine depths of boreholes.
Push levers and brake pedals to control gasoline, diesel, electric, or steam draw works that lower and raise drill pipes and casings in and out of wells.
Connect sections of drill pipe, using hand tools and powered wrenches and tongs.
Maintain records of footage drilled, location and nature of strata penetrated, materials and tools used, services rendered, and time required.
Maintain and adjust machinery to ensure proper performance.
Start and examine operation of slush pumps to ensure circulation and consistency of drilling fluid or mud in well.
Locate and recover lost or broken bits, casings, and drill pipes from wells, using special tools.
Weigh clay, and mix with water and chemicals to make drilling mud.
Monitor progress of drilling operations, and select and change drill bits according to the nature of strata, using hand tools.
Repair or replace defective parts of machinery, such as rotary drill rigs, water trucks, air compressors, and pumps, using hand tools.
Clean and oil pulleys, blocks, and cables.
Bolt together pump and engine parts, and connect tanks and flow lines.
Remove core samples during drilling to determine the nature of the strata being drilled.
Cap wells with packers, or turn valves, to regulate outflow of oil from wells.
Line drilled holes with pipes, and install all necessary hardware, to prepare new wells.
Plug observation wells, and restore sites.
Lower and explode charges in boreholes to start flow of oil from wells.
Direct rig crews in drilling and other activities, such as setting up rigs and completing or servicing wells.
Dig holes, set forms, and mix and pour concrete, for foundations of steel or wooden derricks.
Position and prepare truck-mounted derricks at drilling areas specified on field maps.

Job Duties: Electrical Power-Line Installers and Repairers

Dig holes, using augers, and set poles, using cranes and power equipment.
Cut trenches for laying underground cables, using trenchers and cable plows.

Adhere to safety practices and procedures, such as checking equipment regularly and erecting barriers around work areas.
Drive vehicles equipped with tools and materials to job sites.
Open switches or attach grounding devices to remove electrical hazards from disturbed or fallen lines or to facilitate repairs.
Climb poles or use truck-mounted buckets to access equipment.
Install, maintain, and repair electrical distribution and transmission systems, including conduits, cables, wires, and related equipment, such as transformers, circuit breakers, and switches.
Inspect and test power lines and auxiliary equipment to locate and identify problems, using reading and testing instruments.
Coordinate work assignment preparation and completion with other workers.
Replace or straighten damaged poles.
String wire conductors and cables between poles, towers, trenches, pylons, and buildings, setting lines in place and using winches to adjust tension.
Attach cross-arms, insulators, and auxiliary equipment to poles prior to installing them.
Travel in trucks, helicopters, and airplanes to inspect lines for freedom from obstruction and adequacy of insulation.
Identify defective sectionalizing devices, circuit breakers, fuses, voltage regulators, transformers, switches, relays, or wiring, using wiring diagrams and electrical-testing instruments.
Install watt-hour meters and connect service drops between power lines and consumers' facilities.
Test conductors, according to electrical diagrams and specifications, to identify corresponding conductors and to prevent incorrect connections.
Place insulating or fireproofing materials over conductors and joints.
Splice or solder cables together or to overhead transmission lines, customer service lines, or street light lines, using hand tools, epoxies, or specialized equipment.
Trim trees that could be hazardous to the functioning of cables or wires.
Pull up cable by hand from large reels mounted on trucks.
Lay underground cable directly in trenches, or string it through conduit running through the trenches.
Cut and peel lead sheathing and insulation from defective or newly installed cables and conduits prior to splicing.
Clean, tin, and splice corresponding conductors by twisting ends together or by joining ends with metal clamps and soldering connections.
Dig holes, using augers, and set poles, using cranes and power equipment.
Cut trenches for laying underground cables, using trenchers and cable plows.

Job Duties: Cement Masons and Concrete Finishers

Direct the casting of the concrete and supervise laborers who use shovels or special tools to spread it.

Set the forms that hold concrete to the desired pitch and depth, and align them.
Spread, level, and smooth concrete, using rake, shovel, hand or power trowel, hand or power screed, and float.
Mold expansion joints and edges, using edging tools, jointers, and straightedge.
Signal truck driver to position truck to facilitate pouring concrete, and move chute to direct concrete on forms.
Produce rough concrete surface, using broom.
Apply hardening and sealing compounds to cure surface of concrete, and waterproof or restore surface.
Operate power vibrator to compact concrete.
Install anchor bolts, steel plates, door sills and other fixtures in freshly poured concrete or pattern or stamp the surface to provide a decorative finish.
Wet surface to prepare for bonding, fill holes and cracks with grout or slurry, and smooth, using trowel.
Wet concrete surface, and rub with stone to smooth surface and obtain specified finish.
Build wooden molds, and clamp molds around area to be repaired, using hand tools.
Spread roofing paper on surface of foundation, and spread concrete onto roofing paper with trowel to form terrazzo base.

Check the forms that hold the concrete to see that they are properly constructed.
Monitor how the wind, heat, or cold affect the curing of the concrete throughout the entire process.
Waterproof or restore concrete surfaces, using appropriate compounds.
Mix cement, sand, and water to produce concrete, grout, or slurry, using hoe, trowel, tamper, scraper, or concrete-mixing machine.
Chip, scrape, and grind high spots, ridges, and rough projections to finish concrete, using pneumatic chisels, power grinders, or hand tools.
Cut out damaged areas, drill holes for reinforcing rods, and position reinforcing rods to repair concrete, using power saw and drill.
Clean chipped area, using wire brush, and feel and observe surface to determine if it is rough or uneven.
Sprinkle colored marble or stone chips, powdered steel, or coloring powder over surface to produce prescribed finish.
Fabricate concrete beams, columns, and panels.
Polish surface, using polishing or surfacing machine.
Cut metal division strips, and press them into terrazzo base so that top edges form desired design or pattern.
Push roller over surface to embed chips in surface.
Apply muriatic acid to clean surface, and rinse with water.
Direct the casting of the concrete and supervise laborers who use shovels or special tools to spread it.
Set the forms that hold concrete to the desired pitch and depth, and align them.
Spread, level, and smooth concrete, using rake, shovel, hand or power trowel, hand or power screed, and float.
Mold expansion joints and edges, using edging tools, jointers, and straightedge.
Signal truck driver to position truck to facilitate pouring concrete, and move chute to direct concrete on forms.
Produce rough concrete surface, using broom.
Apply hardening and sealing compounds to cure surface of concrete, and waterproof or restore surface.
Operate power vibrator to compact concrete.
Install anchor bolts, steel plates, door sills and other fixtures in freshly poured concrete or pattern or stamp the surface to provide a decorative finish.
Wet surface to prepare for bonding, fill holes and cracks with grout or slurry, and smooth, using trowel.
Wet concrete surface, and rub with stone to smooth surface and obtain specified finish.
Build wooden molds, and clamp molds around area to be repaired, using hand tools.
Spread roofing paper on surface of foundation, and spread concrete onto roofing paper with trowel to form terrazzo base.

Job Duties: Paving, Surfacing, and Tamping Equipment Operators

Observe distribution of paving material to adjust machine settings or material flow, and indicate low spots for workers to add material.

Coordinate truck dumping.
Operate machines to spread, smooth, level, or steel-reinforce stone, concrete, or asphalt on road beds.
Shovel blacktop.
Operate tamping machines or manually roll surfaces to compact earth fills, foundation forms, and finished road materials, according to grade specifications.

Start machine, engage clutch, and push and move levers to guide machine along forms or guidelines and to control the operation of machine attachments.
Fill tanks, hoppers, or machines with paving materials.
Control paving machines to push dump trucks and to maintain a constant flow of asphalt or other material into hoppers or screeds.
Drive machines onto truck trailers, and drive trucks to transport machines and material to and from job sites.
Inspect, clean, maintain, and repair equipment, using mechanics' hand tools, or report malfunctions to supervisors.
Set up and tear down equipment.
Light burners or start heating units of machines, and regulate screed temperatures and asphalt flow rates.
Control traffic.
Operate oil distributors, loaders, chip spreaders, dump trucks, and snow plows.
Place strips of material, such as cork, asphalt, or steel into joints, or place rolls of expansion-joint material on machines that automatically insert material.
Drive and operate curbing machines to extrude concrete or asphalt curbing.
Operate machines that clean or cut expansion joints in concrete or asphalt and that rout out cracks in pavement.
Cut or break up pavement and drive guardrail posts, using machines equipped with interchangeable hammers.
Install dies, cutters, and extensions to screeds onto machines, using hand tools.
Set up forms and lay out guidelines for curbs, according to written specifications, using string, spray paint, and concrete or water mixes.
Observe distribution of paving material to adjust machine settings or material flow, and indicate low spots for workers to add material.
Coordinate truck dumping.
Operate machines to spread, smooth, level, or steel-reinforce stone, concrete, or asphalt on road beds.
Shovel blacktop.
Operate tamping machines or manually roll surfaces to compact earth fills, foundation forms, and finished road materials, according to grade specifications.

Job Duties: Construction Laborers

Dig ditches or trenches, backfill excavations, or compact and level earth to grade specifications, using picks, shovels, pneumatic tampers, or rakes.

Smooth or finish freshly poured cement or concrete, using floats, trowels, screeds, or powered cement finishing tools.
Provide assistance to craft workers, such as carpenters, plasterers, or masons.
Position or dismantle forms for pouring concrete, using saws, hammers, nails, or bolts.
Mix, pour, or spread concrete, using portable cement mixers.

Tend pumps, compressors, or generators to provide power for tools, machinery, or equipment or to heat or move materials, such as asphalt.
Lubricate, clean, or repair machinery, equipment, or tools.
Signal equipment operators to facilitate alignment, movement, or adjustment of machinery, equipment, or materials.
Read plans, instructions, or specifications to determine work activities.
Measure, mark, or record openings or distances to layout areas where construction work will be performed.
Clean or prepare construction sites to eliminate possible hazards.
Load, unload, or identify building materials, machinery, or tools, distributing them to the appropriate locations, according to project plans or specifications.
Position, join, align, or seal structural components, such as concrete wall sections or pipes.
Perform site activities required of green certified construction practices, such as implementing waste management procedures, identifying materials for reuse, or installing erosion or sedimentation control mechanisms.
Control traffic passing near, in, or around work zones.
Install sewer, water, or storm drain pipes, using pipe-laying machinery or laser guidance equipment.
Operate or maintain air monitoring or other sampling devices in confined or hazardous environments.
Erect or dismantle scaffolding, shoring, braces, traffic barricades, ramps, or other temporary structures.
Perform building weatherization tasks, such as repairing windows, adding insulation, or applying weather-stripping materials.
Apply weather-stripping to reduce energy loss.
Spray materials, such as water, sand, steam, vinyl, paint, or stucco, through hoses to clean, coat, or seal surfaces.
Raze buildings or salvage useful materials.
Mop, brush, or spread paints, cleaning solutions, or other compounds over surfaces to clean them or to provide protection.
Grind, scrape, sand, or polish surfaces, such as concrete, marble, terrazzo, or wood flooring, using abrasive tools or machines.
Place, consolidate, or protect case-in-place concrete or masonry structures.
Mix ingredients to create compounds for covering or cleaning surfaces.
Operate jackhammers or drills to break up concrete or pavement.
Apply caulking compounds by hand or caulking guns to protect against entry of water or air.
Tend machines that pump concrete, grout, cement, sand, plaster, or stucco through spray guns for application to ceilings or walls.
Identify, pack, or transport hazardous or radioactive materials.
Use computers or other input devices to control robotic pipe cutters or cleaners.
Perform construction laborer duties at green building sites, such as renewable energy plants or wind turbine installations.
Dig ditches or trenches, backfill excavations, or compact and level earth to grade specifications, using picks, shovels, pneumatic tampers, or rakes.
Smooth or finish freshly poured cement or concrete, using floats, trowels, screeds, or powered cement finishing tools.
Provide assistance to craft workers, such as carpenters, plasterers, or masons.
Position or dismantle forms for pouring concrete, using saws, hammers, nails, or bolts.
Mix, pour, or spread concrete, using portable cement mixers.

Job Duties: Helpers--Pipelayers, Plumbers, Pipefitters, and Steamfitters

Excavate and grade ditches, and lay and join pipe for water and sewer service.

Assist pipe fitters in the layout, assembly, and installation of piping for air, ammonia, gas, and water systems.
Fit or assist in fitting valves, couplings, or assemblies to tanks, pumps, or systems, using hand tools.
Fill pipes with sand or resin to prevent distortion, and hold pipes during bending and installation.

Measure, cut, thread and assemble new pipe, placing the assembled pipe in hangers or other supports.
Cut or drill holes in walls or floors to accommodate the passage of pipes.
Perform rough-ins, repair and replace fixtures and water heaters, and locate, repair, or remove leaking or broken pipes.
Cut pipe and lift up to fitters.
Requisition tools and equipment, select type and size of pipe, and collect and transport materials and equipment to work site.
Mount brackets and hangers on walls and ceilings to hold pipes, and set sleeves or inserts to provide support for pipes.
Disassemble and remove damaged or worn pipe.
Clean shop, work area, and machines, using solvent and rags.
Install gas burners to convert furnaces from wood, coal, or oil.
Immerse pipe in chemical solution to remove dirt, oil, and scale.
Clean and renew steam traps.
Excavate and grade ditches, and lay and join pipe for water and sewer service.
Assist pipe fitters in the layout, assembly, and installation of piping for air, ammonia, gas, and water systems.
Fit or assist in fitting valves, couplings, or assemblies to tanks, pumps, or systems, using hand tools.
Fill pipes with sand or resin to prevent distortion, and hold pipes during bending and installation.

Job Duties: Explosives Workers, Ordnance Handling Experts, and Blasters

Place safety cones around blast areas to alert other workers of danger zones, and signal workers as necessary to ensure that they clear blast sites prior to explosions.

Insert, pack, and pour explosives, such as dynamite, ammonium nitrate, black powder, or slurries into blast holes; then shovel drill cuttings, admit water into boreholes, and tamp material to compact charges.
Assemble and position equipment, explosives, and blasting caps in holes at specified depths, or load perforating guns or torpedoes with explosives.
Lower perforating guns into wells, using hoists; then use measuring devices and instrument panels to position guns in correct positions for taking samples.

Examine blast areas to determine amounts and kinds of explosive charges needed and to ensure that safety laws are observed.
Tie specified lengths of delaying fuses into patterns in order to time sequences of explosions.
Place explosive charges in holes or other spots; then detonate explosives to demolish structures or to loosen, remove, or displace earth, rock, or other materials.
Mark patterns, locations, and depths of charge holes for drilling, and issue drilling instructions.
Compile and keep gun and explosives records in compliance with local and federal laws.
Measure depths of drilled blast holes, using weighted tape measures.
Connect electrical wire to primers, and cover charges or fill blast holes with clay, drill chips, sand, or other material.
Lay primacord between rows of charged blast holes, and tie cord into main lines to form blast patterns.
Verify detonation of charges by observing control panels, or by listening for the sounds of blasts.
Move and store inventories of explosives, loaded perforating guns, and other materials, according to established safety procedures.
Light fuses, drop detonating devices into wells or boreholes, or activate firing devices with plungers, dials, or buttons, in order to set off single or multiple blasts.
Drive trucks to transport explosives and blasting equipment to blasting sites.
Cut specified lengths of primacord and attach primers to cord ends.
Maintain inventory levels, ordering new supplies as necessary.
Repair and service blasting, shooting, and automotive equipment, and electrical wiring and instruments, using hand tools.
Set up and operate short-wave radio or field telephone equipment to transmit and receive blast information.
Insert waterproof sealers, bullets, and/or powder charges into guns, and screw gun ports back into place.
Clean, gauge, and lubricate gun ports.
Connect gun chambers to electric detonating devices, and operate controls at panelboards, in order to detonate charges in guns or to ignite chemical charges.
Insert powder charges into chambers of sidewall sample-taking cylinders, and assemble cylinders, using special wrenches.
Obtain samples of earth from sidewalls of well boreholes, using electrically exploding devices.
Create and lay out designs for drill and blast patterns.
Document geological formations encountered during work.
Operate machines to flush earth cuttings or to blow dust from holes.
Set up and operate equipment such as hoists, jackhammers, and drills, in order to bore charge holes.
Signal crane operators to move equipment.
Place safety cones around blast areas to alert other workers of danger zones, and signal workers as necessary to ensure that they clear blast sites prior to explosions.
Insert, pack, and pour explosives, such as dynamite, ammonium nitrate, black powder, or slurries into blast holes; then shovel drill cuttings, admit water into boreholes, and tamp material to compact charges.
Assemble and position equipment, explosives, and blasting caps in holes at specified depths, or load perforating guns or torpedoes with explosives.
Lower perforating guns into wells, using hoists; then use measuring devices and instrument panels to position guns in correct positions for taking samples.

Job Duties: Stonemasons

Dig trench for foundation of monument, using pick and shovel.

Mix mortar or grout and pour or spread mortar or grout on marble slabs, stone, or foundation.
Position mold along guidelines of wall, press mold in place, and remove mold and paper from wall.

Lay out wall patterns or foundations, using straight edge, rule, or staked lines.
Shape, trim, face and cut marble or stone preparatory to setting, using power saws, cutting equipment, and hand tools.
Set vertical and horizontal alignment of structures, using plumb bob, gauge line, and level.
Remove wedges, fill joints between stones, finish joints between stones, using a trowel, and smooth the mortar to an attractive finish, using a tuck pointer.
Set stone or marble in place, according to layout or pattern.
Clean excess mortar or grout from surface of marble, stone, or monument, using sponge, brush, water, or acid.
Lay brick to build shells of chimneys and smokestacks or to line or reline industrial furnaces, kilns, boilers and similar installations.
Replace broken or missing masonry units in walls or floors.
Smooth, polish, and bevel surfaces, using hand tools and power tools.
Drill holes in marble or ornamental stone and anchor brackets in holes.
Repair cracked or chipped areas of stone or marble, using blowtorch and mastic, and remove rough or defective spots from concrete, using power grinder or chisel and hammer.
Remove sections of monument from truck bed, and guide stone onto foundation, using skids, hoist, or truck crane.
Construct and install prefabricated masonry units.
Line interiors of molds with treated paper and fill molds with composition-stone mixture.
Dig trench for foundation of monument, using pick and shovel.
Mix mortar or grout and pour or spread mortar or grout on marble slabs, stone, or foundation.
Position mold along guidelines of wall, press mold in place, and remove mold and paper from wall.

Job Duties: Helpers--Extraction Workers

Dig trenches.

Provide assistance to extraction craft workers, such as earth drillers and derrick operators.

Observe and monitor equipment operation during the extraction process to detect any problems.
Drive moving equipment to transport materials and parts to excavation sites.
Unload materials, devices, and machine parts, using hand tools.
Set up and adjust equipment used to excavate geological materials.
Organize materials to prepare for use.
Repair and maintain automotive and drilling equipment, using hand tools.
Clean up work areas and remove debris after extraction activities are complete.
Clean and prepare sites for excavation or boring.
Load materials into well holes or into equipment, using hand tools.
Collect and examine geological matter, using hand tools and testing devices.
Signal workers to start geological material extraction or boring.
Dismantle extracting and boring equipment used for excavation, using hand tools.
Dig trenches.
Provide assistance to extraction craft workers, such as earth drillers and derrick operators.

Job Duties: Roof Bolters, Mining

Position safety jacks to support underground mine roofs until bolts can be installed.

Position bolting machines, and insert drill bits into chucks.

Drill bolt holes into roofs at specified distances from ribs or adjacent bolts.
Pull down loose rock that cannot be supported.
Perform safety checks on equipment before operating.
Perform tests to determine if methane gas is present.
Force bolts into holes, using hydraulic mechanisms of self-propelled bolting machines.
Perform ventilation tasks, such as hanging ventilation curtains and tubes.
Dust rocks after bolting.
Install various types of bolts, including truss, glue, and resin bolts, traversing entire ceiling spans.
Drill test holes and test bolts for specified tension, using torque wrenches.
Rotate chucks to turn bolts and open expansion heads against rock formations.
Remove drill bits from chucks after drilling holes, and insert bolts into chucks.
Tighten ends of anchored truss bolts, using turnbuckles.
Position safety jacks to support underground mine roofs until bolts can be installed.
Position bolting machines, and insert drill bits into chucks.

Job Duties: Derrick Operators, Oil and Gas

Supervise crew members, and provide assistance in training them.

Position and align derrick elements, using harnesses and platform climbing devices.

Inspect derricks, or order their inspection, prior to being raised or lowered.
Inspect derricks for flaws, and clean and oil derricks to maintain proper working conditions.
Control the viscosity and weight of the drilling fluid.
Repair pumps, mud tanks, and related equipment.
Set and bolt crown blocks to posts at tops of derricks.
Listen to mud pumps and check regularly for vibration and other problems to ensure that rig pumps and drilling mud systems are working properly.
Start pumps that circulate mud through drill pipes and boreholes to cool drill bits and flush out drill cuttings.
Guide lengths of pipe into and out of elevators.
Prepare mud reports, and instruct crews about the handling of any chemical additives.
Clamp holding fixtures on ends of hoisting cables.
Weigh clay, and mix with water and chemicals to make drilling mud, using portable mixers.
String cables through pulleys and blocks.
Steady pipes during connection to or disconnection from drill or casing strings.
Supervise crew members, and provide assistance in training them.
Position and align derrick elements, using harnesses and platform climbing devices.

Job Duties: Fence Erectors

Dig postholes, using spades, posthole diggers, or power-driven augers.

Mix and pour concrete around bases of posts, or tamp soil into postholes to embed posts.

Establish the location for a fence, and gather information needed to ensure that there are no electric cables or water lines in the area.
Set metal or wooden posts in upright positions in postholes.
Measure and lay out fence lines and mark posthole positions, following instructions, drawings, or specifications.
Align posts, by lines or sighting, and verify vertical alignment of posts, using plumb bobs or spirit levels.
Attach rails or tension wire along bottoms of posts to form fencing frames.
Attach fence rail supports to posts, using hammers and pliers.
Assemble gates, and fasten gates into position, using hand tools.
Make rails for fences, by sawing lumber or by cutting metal tubing to required lengths.
Nail top and bottom rails to fence posts, or insert them in slots on posts.
Discuss fencing needs with customers, and estimate and quote prices.
Stretch wire, wire mesh, or chain link fencing between posts, and attach fencing to frames.
Complete top fence rails of metal fences by connecting tube sections, using metal sleeves.
Erect alternate panel, basket weave, and louvered fences.
Insert metal tubing through rail supports.
Nail pointed slats to rails to construct picket fences.
Construct and repair barriers, retaining walls, trellises, and other types of fences, walls, and gates.
Weld metal parts together, using portable gas welding equipment.
Blast rock formations and rocky areas with dynamite to facilitate posthole digging.
Dig postholes, using spades, posthole diggers, or power-driven augers.
Mix and pour concrete around bases of posts, or tamp soil into postholes to embed posts.

Job Duties: Structural Iron and Steel Workers

Place blocks under reinforcing bars used to reinforce floors.

Hold rivets while riveters use air hammers to form heads on rivets.

Read specifications or blueprints to determine the locations, quantities, or sizes of materials required.
Connect columns, beams, and girders with bolts, following blueprints and instructions from supervisors.
Bolt aligned structural steel members in position for permanent riveting, bolting, or welding into place.
Fasten structural steel members to hoist cables, using chains, cables, or rope.
Hoist steel beams, girders, or columns into place, using cranes or signaling hoisting equipment operators to lift and position structural steel members.
Verify vertical and horizontal alignment of structural steel members, using plumb bobs, laser equipment, transits, or levels.
Cut, bend, or weld steel pieces, using metal shears, torches, or welding equipment.
Erect metal or precast concrete components for structures, such as buildings, bridges, dams, towers, storage tanks, fences, or highway guard rails.
Force structural steel members into final positions, using turnbuckles, crowbars, jacks, or hand tools.
Pull, push, or pry structural steel members into approximate positions for bolting into place.
Unload and position prefabricated steel units for hoisting, as needed.
Drive drift pins through rivet holes to align rivet holes in structural steel members with corresponding holes in previously placed members.
Assemble hoisting equipment or rigging, such as cables, pulleys, or hooks, to move heavy equipment or materials.
Fabricate metal parts, such as steel frames, columns, beams, or girders, according to blueprints or instructions from supervisors.
Dismantle structures or equipment.
Ride on girders or other structural steel members to position them, or use rope to guide them into position.
Insert sealing strips, wiring, insulating material, ladders, flanges, gauges, or valves, depending on types of structures being assembled.
Catch hot rivets in buckets and insert rivets in holes, using tongs.
Place blocks under reinforcing bars used to reinforce floors.
Hold rivets while riveters use air hammers to form heads on rivets.

Job Duties: Septic Tank Servicers and Sewer Pipe Cleaners

Dig out sewer lines manually, using shovels.

Cover repaired pipes with dirt, and pack backfilled excavations, using air and gasoline tampers.

Communicate with supervisors and other workers, using equipment such as wireless phones, pagers, or radio telephones.
Drive trucks to transport crews, materials, and equipment.
Inspect manholes to locate sewer line stoppages.
Operate sewer cleaning equipment, including power rodders, high-velocity water jets, sewer flushers, bucket machines, wayne balls, and vac-alls.
Prepare and keep records of actions taken, including maintenance and repair work.
Clean and repair septic tanks, sewer lines, or related structures such as manholes, culverts, and catch basins.
Measure excavation sites, using plumbers' snakes, tapelines, or lengths of cutting heads within sewers, and mark areas for digging.
Service, adjust, and make minor repairs to equipment, machines, and attachments.
Locate problems, using specially designed equipment, and mark where digging must occur to reach damaged tanks or pipes.
Clean and disinfect domestic basements and other areas flooded by sewer stoppages.
Withdraw cables from pipes and examine them for evidence of mud, roots, grease, and other deposits indicating broken or clogged sewer lines.
Ensure that repaired sewer line joints are tightly sealed before backfilling begins.
Rotate cleaning rods manually, using turning pins.
Install rotary knives on flexible cables mounted on machine reels, according to the diameters of pipes to be cleaned.
Start machines to feed revolving cables or rods into openings, stopping machines and changing knives to conform to pipe sizes.
Update sewer maps and manhole charts.
Cut damaged sections of pipe with cutters, remove broken sections from ditches, and replace pipe sections, using pipe sleeves.
Requisition or order tools and equipment.
Break asphalt and other pavement so that pipes can be accessed, using airhammers, picks, and shovels.
Tap mainline sewers to install sewer saddles.
Dig out sewer lines manually, using shovels.
Cover repaired pipes with dirt, and pack backfilled excavations, using air and gasoline tampers.

Job Duties: Geothermal Technicians

Dig trenches for system piping to appropriate depths and lay piping in trenches.

Backfill piping trenches to protect pipes from damage.

Monitor and adjust operations of geothermal power plant equipment or systems.
Prepare and maintain logs, reports, or other documentation of work performed.
Identify and correct malfunctions of geothermal plant equipment, electrical systems, instrumentation, or controls.
Collect and record data associated with operating geothermal power plants or well fields.
Determine whether emergency or auxiliary systems will be needed to keep properties heated or cooled in extreme weather conditions.
Perform pre- and post-installation pressure, flow, and related tests of vertical and horizontal geothermal loop piping.
Identify equipment options, such as compressors, and make appropriate selections.
Adjust power production systems to meet load and distribution demands.
Maintain electrical switchgear, process controls, transmitters, gauges, and control equipment in accordance with geothermal plant procedures.
Calculate heat loss and heat gain factors for residential properties to determine heating and cooling required by installed geothermal systems.
Maintain, calibrate, or repair plant instrumentation, control, and electronic devices in geothermal plants.
Install and maintain geothermal plant electrical protection equipment.
Design and lay out geothermal heat systems according to property characteristics, heating and cooling requirements, piping and equipment requirements, applicable regulations, or other factors.
Install and maintain geothermal system instrumentation or controls.
Prepare newly installed geothermal heat systems for operation by flushing, purging, or other actions.
Weld piping, such as high density polyethylene (HDPE) piping, using techniques such as butt, socket, side-wall, and electro-fusion welding.
Test water sources for factors, such as flow volume and contaminant presence.
Install, maintain, or repair ground or water source-coupled heat pumps to heat and cool residential or commercial building air or water.
Integrate hot water heater systems with geothermal heat exchange systems.
Determine the type of geothermal loop system most suitable to a specific property and its heating and cooling needs.
Apply coatings or operate systems to mitigate corrosion of geothermal plant equipment or structures.
Operate equipment, such as excavators, backhoes, rock hammers, trench compactors, pavement saws, grout mixers or pumps, geothermal loop reels, and coil tubing units (CTU).
Dig trenches for system piping to appropriate depths and lay piping in trenches.
Backfill piping trenches to protect pipes from damage.

Job Duties: Helpers--Electricians

Dig trenches or holes for installation of conduit or supports.

Raise, lower, or position equipment, tools, and materials, using hoist, hand line, or block and tackle.

Strip insulation from wire ends, using wire stripping pliers, and attach wires to terminals for subsequent soldering.
Trace out short circuits in wiring, using test meter.
Measure, cut, and bend wire and conduit, using measuring instruments and hand tools.
Examine electrical units for loose connections and broken insulation and tighten connections, using hand tools.
Maintain tools, vehicles, and equipment and keep parts and supplies in order.
Drill holes and pull or push wiring through openings, using hand and power tools.
Clean work area and wash parts.
Perform semi-skilled and unskilled laboring duties related to the installation, maintenance and repair of a wide variety of electrical systems and equipment.
Thread conduit ends, connect couplings, and fabricate and secure conduit support brackets, using hand tools.
Disassemble defective electrical equipment, replace defective or worn parts, and reassemble equipment, using hand tools.
Construct controllers and panels, using power drills, drill presses, taps, saws, and punches.
Transport tools, materials, equipment, and supplies to work site by hand, handtruck, or heavy, motorized truck.
String transmission lines or cables through ducts or conduits, under the ground, through equipment, or to towers.
Install copper-clad ground rods, using a manual post driver.
Bolt component parts together to form tower assemblies, using hand tools.
Erect electrical system components and barricades, and rig scaffolds, hoists, and shoring.
Trim trees and clear undergrowth along right-of-way.
Requisition materials, using warehouse requisition or release forms.
Solder electrical connections, using soldering iron.
Paint a variety of objects related to electrical functions.
Break up concrete, using airhammer, to facilitate installation, construction, or repair of equipment.
Operate heavy equipment, such as backhoes.
Operate cutting torches and welding equipment, while working with conduit and metal components to construct devices associated with electrical functions.
Dig trenches or holes for installation of conduit or supports.
Raise, lower, or position equipment, tools, and materials, using hoist, hand line, or block and tackle.

Job Duties: Reinforcing Iron and Rebar Workers

Place blocks under rebar to hold the bars off the deck when reinforcing floors.

Determine quantities, sizes, shapes, and locations of reinforcing rods from blueprints, sketches, or oral instructions.
Space and fasten together rods in forms according to blueprints, using wire and pliers.
Position and secure steel bars, rods, cables, or mesh in concrete forms, using fasteners, rod-bending machines, blowtorches, or hand tools.
Cut rods to required lengths, using metal shears, hacksaws, bar cutters, or acetylene torches.
Cut and fit wire mesh or fabric, using hooked rods, and position fabric or mesh in concrete to reinforce concrete.
Bend steel rods with hand tools or rod-bending machines and weld them with arc-welding equipment.
Place blocks under rebar to hold the bars off the deck when reinforcing floors.

Job Duties: Rock Splitters, Quarry

Drill holes into sides of stones broken from masses, insert dogs or attach slings, and direct removal of stones.

Locate grain line patterns to determine how rocks will split when cut.
Remove pieces of stone from larger masses, using jackhammers, wedges, and other tools.
Insert wedges and feathers into holes, and drive wedges with sledgehammers to split stone sections from masses.
Mark dimensions or outlines on stone prior to cutting, using rules and chalk lines.
Cut slabs of stone into sheets that will be used for floors or counters.
Set charges of explosives to split rock.
Drill holes along outlines, using jackhammers.
Cut grooves along outlines, using chisels.
Drill holes into sides of stones broken from masses, insert dogs or attach slings, and direct removal of stones.

Job Duties: Crossing Guards and Flaggers

Distribute traffic control signs and markers at designated points.

Direct or escort pedestrians across streets, stopping traffic, as necessary.
Guide or control vehicular or pedestrian traffic at such places as street and railroad crossings and construction sites.
Monitor traffic flow to locate safe gaps through which pedestrians can cross streets.
Communicate traffic and crossing rules and other information to students and adults.
Direct traffic movement or warn of hazards, using signs, flags, lanterns, and hand signals.
Report unsafe behavior of children to school officials.
Record license numbers of vehicles disregarding traffic signals, and report infractions to appropriate authorities.
Stop speeding vehicles to warn drivers of traffic laws.
Learn the location and purpose of street traffic signs within assigned patrol areas.
Discuss traffic routing plans and control-point locations with superiors.
Inform drivers of detour routes through construction sites.
Distribute traffic control signs and markers at designated points.

Job Duties: Lighting Technicians

Set up scaffolding or cranes to assist with setting up of lighting equipment.

Assess safety of wiring or equipment set-up to determine the risk of fire or electrical shock.
Consult with lighting director or production staff to determine lighting requirements.
Disassemble and store equipment after performances.
Install color effects or image patterns, such as color filters, onto lighting fixtures.
Install electrical cables or wire fixtures.
Load, unload, or position lighting equipment.
Match light fixture settings, such as brightness and color, to lighting design plans.
Notify supervisors when major lighting equipment repairs are needed.
Operate manual or automated systems to control lighting throughout productions.
Patch or wire lights to dimmers or other electronic consoles.
Perform minor repairs or routine maintenance on lighting equipment, such as replacing lamps or damaged color filters.
Program lighting consoles or load automated lighting control systems onto consoles.
Set up and focus light fixtures to meet requirements of television, theater, concerts, or other productions.
Test lighting equipment function and desired lighting effects.
Visit and assess structural and electrical layout of locations before setting up lighting equipment.
Set up scaffolding or cranes to assist with setting up of lighting equipment.

Job Duties: Construction and Building Inspectors

Train, direct, or supervise other construction inspectors.

Monitor installation of plumbing, wiring, equipment, or appliances to ensure that installation is performed properly and is in compliance with applicable regulations.
Approve building plans that meet required specifications.
Inspect and monitor construction sites to ensure adherence to safety standards, building codes, or specifications.
Inspect bridges, dams, highways, buildings, wiring, plumbing, electrical circuits, sewers, heating systems, or foundations during and after construction for structural quality, general safety, or conformance to specifications and codes.
Review and interpret plans, blueprints, site layouts, specifications, or construction methods to ensure compliance to legal requirements and safety regulations.
Maintain daily logs and supplement inspection records with photographs.
Conduct inspections, using survey instruments, metering devices, tape measures, or test equipment.
Measure dimensions and verify level, alignment, or elevation of structures or fixtures to ensure compliance to building plans and codes.
Confer with owners, violators, or authorities to explain regulations or recommend remedial actions.
Issue permits for construction, relocation, demolition, or occupancy.
Conduct environmental hazard inspections to identify or quantify problems, such as asbestos, poor air quality, water contamination, or other environmental hazards.
Evaluate premises for cleanliness, such as proper garbage disposal or lack of vermin infestation.
Monitor construction activities to ensure that environmental regulations are not violated.
Evaluate project details to ensure adherence to environmental regulations.
Estimate cost of completed work or of needed renovations or upgrades.
Examine lifting or conveying devices, such as elevators, escalators, moving sidewalks, hoists, inclined railways, ski lifts, or amusement rides to ensure safety and proper functioning.
Sample and test air to identify gasses, such as bromine, ozone, or sulfur dioxide, or particulates, such as mold, dust, or allergens.
Inspect facilities or installations to determine their environmental impact.
Train, direct, or supervise other construction inspectors.

Job Duties: Service Unit Operators, Oil and Gas

Direct drilling crews performing activities such as assembling and connecting pipe, applying weights to drill pipes, or drilling around lodged obstacles.

Maintain and perform safety inspections on equipment and tools.
Operate controls that raise derricks or level rigs.
Listen to engines, rotary chains, or other equipment to detect faulty operations or unusual well conditions.
Prepare reports of services rendered, tools used, or time required, for billing purposes.
Install pressure-control devices onto wellheads.
Confer with others to gather information regarding pipe or tool sizes or borehole conditions in wells.
Operate pumps that circulate water, oil, or other fluids through wells to remove sand or other materials obstructing the free flow of oil.
Drive truck-mounted units to well sites.
Interpret instrument readings to ascertain the depth of obstruction.
Thread cables through derrick pulleys, using hand tools.
Select fishing methods or tools for removing obstacles such as liners, broken casing, screens, or drill pipe.
Close and seal wells no longer in use.
Apply green technologies or techniques, such as the use of coiled tubing, slim-hole drilling, horizontal drilling, hydraulic fracturing, or gas lift systems.
Operate specialized equipment to remove obstructions by backing off or severing pipes by chemical or explosive action.
Perforate well casings or sidewalls of boreholes with explosive charges.
Examine unserviceable wells to determine actions to be taken to improve well conditions.
Monitor sound wave-generating or detecting mechanisms to determine well fluid levels.
Insert detection instruments into wells with obstructions.
Direct drilling crews performing activities such as assembling and connecting pipe, applying weights to drill pipes, or drilling around lodged obstacles.

Job Duties: Sheet Metal Workers

Hire, train, or supervise new employees or apprentices.

Maintain equipment, making repairs or modifications when necessary.
Fabricate ducts for high efficiency heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems to maximize efficiency of systems.
Fasten seams or joints together with welds, bolts, cement, rivets, solder, caulks, metal drive clips, or bonds to assemble components into products or to repair sheet metal items.
Transport prefabricated parts to construction sites for assembly and installation.
Install assemblies, such as flashing, pipes, tubes, heating and air conditioning ducts, furnace casings, rain gutters, or downspouts in supportive frameworks.
Lay out, measure, and mark dimensions and reference lines on material, such as roofing panels, using calculators, scribes, dividers, squares, or rulers.
Fabricate or alter parts at construction sites, using shears, hammers, punches, or drills.
Determine project requirements, such as scope, assembly sequences, or required methods or materials, using blueprints, drawings, or written or verbal instructions.
Maneuver completed roofing units into position for installation.
Select gauges or types of sheet metal or nonmetallic material, according to product specifications.
Shape metal material over anvils, blocks, or other forms, using hand tools.
Trim, file, grind, deburr, buff, or smooth surfaces, seams, or joints of assembled parts, using hand tools or portable power tools.
Inspect individual parts, assemblies, or installations, using measuring instruments, such as calipers, scales, or micrometers.
Develop or lay out patterns, using computerized metalworking equipment.
Convert blueprints into shop drawings to be followed in the construction or assembly of sheet metal products.
Perform sheet metal work necessary for solar panel installations.
Verify that heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems are designed, installed, and calibrated in accordance with green certification standards, such as those of Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED).
Secure metal roof panels in place by interlocking and fastening grooved panel edges.
Perform building commissioning activities by completing mechanical inspections of a building's water, lighting, or heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems.
Fasten roof panel edges or machine-made moldings to structures by nailing or welding.
Finish parts, using hacksaws or hand, rotary, or squaring shears.
Hire, train, or supervise new employees or apprentices.

Job Duties: Plumbers, Pipefitters, and Steamfitters

Direct helpers engaged in pipe cutting, preassembly, or installation of plumbing systems or components.

Shut off steam, water, or other gases or liquids from pipe sections, using valve keys or wrenches.
Install underground storm, sanitary, or water piping systems, extending piping as needed to connect fixtures and plumbing.
Assemble pipe sections, tubing, or fittings, using couplings, clamps, screws, bolts, cement, plastic solvent, caulking, or soldering, brazing, or welding equipment.
Locate and mark the position of pipe installations, connections, passage holes, or fixtures in structures, using measuring instruments such as rulers or levels.
Cut, thread, or hammer pipes to specifications, using tools such as saws, cutting torches, pipe threaders, or pipe benders.
Lay out full scale drawings of pipe systems, supports, or related equipment, according to blueprints.
Plan pipe system layout, installation, or repair, according to specifications.
Review blueprints, building codes, or specifications to determine work details or procedures.
Select pipe sizes, types, or related materials, such as supports, hangers, or hydraulic cylinders, according to specifications.
Fill pipes or plumbing fixtures with water or air and observe pressure gauges to detect and locate leaks.
Inspect, examine, or test installed systems or pipe lines, using pressure gauge, hydrostatic testing, observation, or other methods.
Install pipe assemblies, fittings, valves, appliances such as dishwashers or water heaters, or fixtures such as sinks or toilets, using hand or power tools.
Anchor steel supports from ceiling joists to hold pipes in place.
Attach pipes to walls, structures, or fixtures, such as radiators or tanks, using brackets, clamps, tools, or welding equipment.
Modify, clean, or maintain pipe systems, units, fittings, or related machines or equipment, using hand or power tools.
Install automatic controls to regulate pipe systems.
Estimate time, material, or labor costs for use in project plans.
Keep records of work assignments.
Inspect structures to assess material or equipment needs, to establish the sequence of pipe installations, or to plan installation around obstructions, such as electrical wiring.
Maintain or repair plumbing by replacing defective washers, replacing or mending broken pipes, or opening clogged drains.
Repair or remove and replace system components.
Cut openings in structures to accommodate pipes or pipe fittings, using hand or power tools.
Install green plumbing equipment, such as faucet flow restrictors, dual-flush or pressure-assisted flush toilets, or tankless hot water heaters.
Inspect work sites for obstructions or holes that could cause structural weakness.
Install pipe systems to support alternative energy-fueled systems, such as geothermal heating or cooling systems.
Install fixtures, appliances, or equipment designed to reduce water or energy consumption.
Repair hydraulic or air pumps.
Weld small pipes or special piping, using specialized techniques, equipment, or materials, such as computer-assisted welding or microchip fabrication.
Operate motorized pumps to remove water from flooded manholes, basements, or facility floors.
Direct helpers engaged in pipe cutting, preassembly, or installation of plumbing systems or components.

Job Duties: Telecommunications Equipment Installers and Repairers, Except Line Installers

Dig holes or trenches as necessary for equipment installation and access.

Demonstrate equipment to customers and explain its use, responding to any inquiries or complaints.
Test circuits and components of malfunctioning telecommunications equipment to isolate sources of malfunctions, using test meters, circuit diagrams, polarity probes, and other hand tools.
Test repaired, newly installed, or updated equipment to ensure that it functions properly and conforms to specifications, using test equipment and observation.
Climb poles and ladders, use truck-mounted booms, and enter areas such as manholes and cable vaults to install, maintain, or inspect equipment.
Assemble and install communication equipment such as data and telephone communication lines, wiring, switching equipment, wiring frames, power apparatus, computer systems, and networks.
Run wires between components and to outside cable systems, connecting them to wires from telephone poles or underground cable accesses.
Test connections to ensure that power supplies are adequate and that communications links function.
Note differences in wire and cable colors so that work can be performed correctly.
Inspect equipment on a regular basis to ensure proper functioning.
Collaborate with other workers to locate and correct malfunctions.
Remove loose wires and other debris after work is completed.
Repair or replace faulty equipment, such as defective and damaged telephones, wires, switching system components, and associated equipment.
Maintain computer and manual records pertaining to facilities and equipment.
Communicate with bases, using telephones or two-way radios to receive instructions or technical advice, or to report equipment status.
Remove and remake connections to change circuit layouts, following work orders or diagrams.
Clean and maintain tools, test equipment, and motor vehicles.
Perform database verifications, using computers.
Request support from technical service centers when on-site procedures fail to solve installation or maintenance problems.
Analyze test readings, computer printouts, and trouble reports to determine equipment repair needs and required repair methods.
Adjust or modify equipment to enhance equipment performance or to respond to customer requests.
Remove and replace plug-in circuit equipment.
Refer to manufacturers' manuals to obtain maintenance instructions pertaining to specific malfunctions.
Review manufacturer's instructions, manuals, technical specifications, building permits, and ordinances to determine communication equipment requirements and procedures.
Drive crew trucks to and from work areas.
Route and connect cables and lines to switches, switchboard equipment, and distributing frames, using wire-wrap guns or soldering irons to connect wires to terminals.
Designate cables available for use.
Diagnose and correct problems from remote locations, using special switchboards to find the sources of problems.
Program computerized switches and switchboards to provide requested features.
Enter codes needed to correct electronic switching system programming.
Examine telephone transmission facilities to determine requirements for new or additional telephone services.
Measure distances from landmarks to identify exact installation sites for equipment.
Install updated software and programs that maintain existing software or provide requested features, such as time-correlated call routing.
Perform routine maintenance on equipment, including adjusting and lubricating components and painting worn or exposed areas.
Determine viability of sites through observation, and discuss site locations and construction requirements with customers.
Install telephone station equipment, such as intercommunication systems, transmitters, receivers, relays, and ringers, and related apparatus, such as coin collectors, telephone booths, and switching-key equipment.
Clean switches and replace contact points, using vacuum hoses, solvents, and hand tools.
Provide input into the design and manufacturing of new equipment.
Address special issues or situations, such as illegal or unauthorized use of equipment, or cases of electrical or acoustic shock.
Place intercept circuits on terminals to handle vacant lines in central office installations.
Dig holes or trenches as necessary for equipment installation and access.