Job Duties Custom List 47-2041.00 — Carpet Installers

Roll out, measure, mark, and cut carpeting to size with a carpet knife, following floor sketches and allowing extra carpet for final fitting.

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Closely Related Tasks	All Related Tasks	Job Zone	Code	Occupation
4	6	2	47-3012.00	Helpers--Carpenters
3	9	2	47-2121.00	Glaziers
3	8	2	47-2081.00	Drywall and Ceiling Tile Installers
3	7	2	47-2044.00	Tile and Stone Setters Bright Outlook
3	4	2	47-2042.00	Floor Layers, Except Carpet, Wood, and Hard Tiles
2	4	2	47-2142.00	Paperhangers
2	3	3	47-2011.00	Boilermakers
2	2	2	47-5032.00	Explosives Workers, Ordnance Handling Experts, and Blasters
1	6	3	47-2022.00	Stonemasons
1	4	2	47-4031.00	Fence Erectors
1	4	2	47-2053.00	Terrazzo Workers and Finishers
1	3	1	47-5051.00	Rock Splitters, Quarry
1	3	2	47-4091.00	Segmental Pavers
1	3	2	47-2021.00	Brickmasons and Blockmasons
1	3	2	47-3015.00	Helpers--Pipelayers, Plumbers, Pipefitters, and Steamfitters
1	3	3	47-2152.00	Plumbers, Pipefitters, and Steamfitters
1	2	2	47-2151.00	Pipelayers
1	2	2	47-2071.00	Paving, Surfacing, and Tamping Equipment Operators
1	2	2	47-2211.00	Sheet Metal Workers
1	2	2	47-2031.00	Carpenters
1	2	2	47-2061.00	Construction Laborers
1	1	2	47-2131.00	Insulation Workers, Floor, Ceiling, and Wall
1	1	2	47-2132.00	Insulation Workers, Mechanical
1	1	1	47-5011.00	Derrick Operators, Oil and Gas
1	1	3	47-1011.00	First-Line Supervisors of Construction Trades and Extraction Workers
1	1	1	47-2161.00	Plasterers and Stucco Masons
1	1	2	47-4051.00	Highway Maintenance Workers
1	1	2	47-2141.00	Painters, Construction and Maintenance
1	1	3	47-2152.04	Solar Thermal Installers and Technicians
1	1	2	47-5012.00	Rotary Drill Operators, Oil and Gas
1	1	2	47-3013.00	Helpers--Electricians
1	1	2	47-2181.00	Roofers

Job Duties: Helpers--Carpenters

Perform tie spacing layout and measure, mark, drill or cut.
Hold plumb bobs, sighting rods, or other equipment to aid in establishing reference points and lines.
Cut and install insulating or sound-absorbing material.
Cut tile or linoleum to fit and spread adhesives on flooring for installation.

Cut timbers, lumber, or paneling to specified dimensions.
Position and hold timbers, lumber, or paneling in place for fastening or cutting.

Clean work areas, machines, or equipment, to maintain a clean and safe job site.
Fasten timbers or lumber with glue, screws, pegs, or nails and install hardware.
Select tools, equipment, or materials from storage and transport items to work site.
Drill holes in timbers or lumber.
Align, straighten, plumb, or square forms for installation.
Erect scaffolding, shoring, or braces.
Construct forms and assist in raising them to the required elevation.
Install handrails under the direction of a carpenter.
Glue and clamp edges or joints of assembled parts.
Smooth or sand surfaces to remove ridges, tool marks, glue, or caulking.
Secure stakes to grids for constructions of footings, nail scabs to footing forms, and vibrate and float concrete.
Cover surfaces with laminated plastic covering material.
Perform tie spacing layout and measure, mark, drill or cut.
Hold plumb bobs, sighting rods, or other equipment to aid in establishing reference points and lines.
Cut and install insulating or sound-absorbing material.
Cut tile or linoleum to fit and spread adhesives on flooring for installation.
Cut timbers, lumber, or paneling to specified dimensions.
Position and hold timbers, lumber, or paneling in place for fastening or cutting.

Job Duties: Glaziers

Measure mirrors and dimensions of areas to be covered to determine work procedures.
Measure and mark outlines or patterns on glass to indicate cutting lines.
Measure, cut, fit, and press anti-glare adhesive film to glass or spray glass with tinting solution to prevent light glare.

Cut, fit, install, repair, or replace glass or glass substitutes, such as plastic or aluminum, in building interiors or exteriors or in furniture or other products.
Cut and attach mounting strips, metal or wood moldings, rubber gaskets, or metal clips to surfaces in preparation for mirror installation.
Pack spaces between moldings and glass with glazing compounds and trim excess material with glazing knives.
Cut and remove broken glass prior to installing replacement glass.
Score glass with cutters' wheels, breaking off excess glass by hand or with notched tools.
Prepare glass for cutting by resting it on rack edges or against cutting tables and brushing thin layer of oil along cutting lines or dipping cutting tools in oil.

Read and interpret blueprints or specifications to determine size, shape, color, type, or thickness of glass, location of framing, installation procedures, or staging or scaffolding materials required.
Determine plumb of walls or ceilings, using plumb lines and levels.
Install pre-assembled metal or wood frameworks for windows or doors to be fitted with glass panels, using hand tools.
Fabricate or install metal sashes or moldings for glass installation, using aluminum or steel framing.
Operate cranes or hoists with suction cups to lift large, heavy pieces of glass.
Set glass doors into frames and bolt metal hinges, handles, locks, or other hardware to attach doors to frames and walls.
Drive trucks to installation sites and unload mirrors, glass equipment, or tools.
Load and arrange glass or mirrors onto delivery trucks, using suction cups or cranes to lift glass.
Assemble, erect, or dismantle scaffolds, rigging, or hoisting equipment.
Secure mirrors in position, using mastic cement, putty, bolts, or screws.
Grind or polish glass, smoothing edges when necessary.
Fasten glass panes into wood sashes or frames with clips, points, or moldings, adding weather seals or putty around pane edges to seal joints.
Cut, assemble, fit, or attach metal-framed glass enclosures for showers, bathtubs, display cases, skylights, solariums, or other structures.
Move furniture to clear work sites and cover floors or furnishings with drop cloths.
Confer with customers to determine project requirements or to provide cost estimates.
Select the type or color of glass or mirror according to specifications.
Assemble and cement sections of stained glass together.
Create patterns on glass by etching, sandblasting, or painting designs.
Measure mirrors and dimensions of areas to be covered to determine work procedures.
Measure and mark outlines or patterns on glass to indicate cutting lines.
Measure, cut, fit, and press anti-glare adhesive film to glass or spray glass with tinting solution to prevent light glare.
Cut, fit, install, repair, or replace glass or glass substitutes, such as plastic or aluminum, in building interiors or exteriors or in furniture or other products.
Cut and attach mounting strips, metal or wood moldings, rubber gaskets, or metal clips to surfaces in preparation for mirror installation.
Pack spaces between moldings and glass with glazing compounds and trim excess material with glazing knives.
Cut and remove broken glass prior to installing replacement glass.
Score glass with cutters' wheels, breaking off excess glass by hand or with notched tools.
Prepare glass for cutting by resting it on rack edges or against cutting tables and brushing thin layer of oil along cutting lines or dipping cutting tools in oil.

Job Duties: Drywall and Ceiling Tile Installers

Measure and mark surfaces to lay out work, according to blueprints or drawings, using tape measures, straightedges or squares, and marking devices.
Measure and cut openings in panels or tiles for electrical outlets, windows, vents, plumbing, or other fixtures, using keyhole saws or other cutting tools.
Hang dry lines to wall moldings to guide positioning of main runners.

Cut metal or wood framing and trim to size, using cutting tools.
Cut fixture or border tiles to size, using keyhole saws, and insert them into surrounding frameworks.
Cut and screw together metal channels to make floor or ceiling frames, according to plans for the location of rooms or hallways.
Trim rough edges from wallboard to maintain even joints, using knives.
Scribe and cut edges of tile to fit walls where wall molding is not specified.

Read blueprints or other specifications to determine methods of installation, work procedures, or material or tool requirements.
Fit and fasten wallboard or drywall into position on wood or metal frameworks, using glue, nails, or screws.
Assemble or install metal framing or decorative trim for windows, doorways, or vents.
Inspect furrings, mechanical mountings, or masonry surfaces for plumbness and level, using spirit or water levels.
Hang drywall panels on metal frameworks of walls and ceilings in offices, schools, or other large buildings, using lifts or hoists to adjust panel heights, when necessary.
Suspend angle iron grids or channel irons from ceilings, using wire.
Coordinate work with drywall finishers who cover the seams between drywall panels.
Install horizontal and vertical metal or wooden studs to frames so that wallboard can be attached to interior walls.
Fasten metal or rockboard lath to the structural framework of walls, ceilings, or partitions of buildings, using nails, screws, staples, or wire-ties.
Install blanket insulation between studs and tack plastic moisture barriers over insulation.
Seal joints between ceiling tiles and walls.
Remove existing plaster, drywall, or paneling, using crowbars and hammers.
Apply or mount acoustical tile or blocks, strips, or sheets of shock-absorbing materials to ceilings or walls of buildings to reduce reflection of sound or to decorate rooms.
Mount tile, using adhesives, or by nailing, screwing, stapling, or wire-tying lath directly to structural frameworks.
Nail channels or wood furring strips to surfaces to provide mounting for tile.
Install metal lath where plaster applications will be exposed to weather or water, or for curved or irregular surfaces.
Apply cement to backs of tiles and press tiles into place, aligning them with layout marks or joints of previously laid tile.
Wash concrete surfaces before mounting tile to increase adhesive qualities of surfaces, using washing soda and zinc sulfate solution.
Measure and mark surfaces to lay out work, according to blueprints or drawings, using tape measures, straightedges or squares, and marking devices.
Measure and cut openings in panels or tiles for electrical outlets, windows, vents, plumbing, or other fixtures, using keyhole saws or other cutting tools.
Hang dry lines to wall moldings to guide positioning of main runners.
Cut metal or wood framing and trim to size, using cutting tools.
Cut fixture or border tiles to size, using keyhole saws, and insert them into surrounding frameworks.
Cut and screw together metal channels to make floor or ceiling frames, according to plans for the location of rooms or hallways.
Trim rough edges from wallboard to maintain even joints, using knives.
Scribe and cut edges of tile to fit walls where wall molding is not specified.

Job Duties: Tile and Stone Setters

Measure and mark surfaces to be tiled, following blueprints.
Measure and cut metal lath to size for walls and ceilings, using tin snips.
Cut tile backing to required size, using shears.

Align and straighten tile using levels, squares, and straightedges.
Cut and shape tile to fit around obstacles and into odd spaces and corners, using hand and power cutting tools.
Lay and set mosaic tiles to create decorative wall, mural, and floor designs.
Cut, surface, polish, and install marble and granite or install pre-cast terrazzo, granite or marble units.

Finish and dress the joints and wipe excess grout from between tiles, using damp sponge.
Determine and implement the best layout to achieve a desired pattern.
Mix, apply, and spread plaster, concrete, mortar, cement, mastic, glue or other adhesives to form a bed for the tiles, using brush, trowel and screed.
Study blueprints and examine surface to be covered to determine amount of material needed.
Apply mortar to tile back, position the tile, and press or tap with trowel handle to affix tile to base.
Mix and apply mortar or cement to edges and ends of drain tiles to seal halves and joints.
Apply a sealer to make grout stain- and water-resistant.
Level concrete and allow to dry.
Install and anchor fixtures in designated positions, using hand tools.
Prepare surfaces for tiling by attaching lath or waterproof paper, or by applying a cement mortar coat to a metal screen.
Remove and replace cracked or damaged tile.
Remove any old tile, grout and adhesive using chisels and scrapers and clean the surface carefully.
Spread mastic or other adhesive base on roof deck to form base for promenade tile, using serrated spreader.
Assist customers in selection of tile and grout.
Prepare cost and labor estimates, based on calculations of time and materials needed for project.
Brush glue onto manila paper on which design has been drawn and position tiles, finished side down, onto paper.
Select and order tile and other items to be installed, such as bathroom accessories, walls, panels, and cabinets, according to specifications.
Build underbeds and install anchor bolts, wires, and brackets.
Measure and mark surfaces to be tiled, following blueprints.
Measure and cut metal lath to size for walls and ceilings, using tin snips.
Cut tile backing to required size, using shears.
Align and straighten tile using levels, squares, and straightedges.
Cut and shape tile to fit around obstacles and into odd spaces and corners, using hand and power cutting tools.
Lay and set mosaic tiles to create decorative wall, mural, and floor designs.
Cut, surface, polish, and install marble and granite or install pre-cast terrazzo, granite or marble units.

Job Duties: Floor Layers, Except Carpet, Wood, and Hard Tiles

Cut flooring material to fit around obstructions.
Measure and mark guidelines on surfaces or foundations, using chalk lines and dividers.
Cut covering and foundation materials, according to blueprints and sketches.

Trim excess covering materials, tack edges, and join sections of covering material to form tight joint.

Sweep, scrape, sand, or chip dirt and irregularities to clean base surfaces, correcting imperfections that may show through the covering.
Inspect surface to be covered to ensure that it is firm and dry.
Form a smooth foundation by stapling plywood or Masonite over the floor or by brushing waterproof compound onto surface and filling cracks with plaster, putty, or grout to seal pores.
Roll and press sheet wall and floor covering into cement base to smooth and finish surface, using hand roller.
Apply adhesive cement to floor or wall material to join and adhere foundation material.
Determine traffic areas and decide location of seams.
Lay out, position, and apply shock-absorbing, sound-deadening, or decorative coverings to floors, walls, and cabinets, following guidelines to keep courses straight and create designs.
Remove excess cement to clean finished surface.
Disconnect and remove appliances, light fixtures, and worn floor and wall covering from floors, walls, and cabinets.
Heat and soften floor covering materials to patch cracks or fit floor coverings around irregular surfaces, using blowtorch.
Cut flooring material to fit around obstructions.
Measure and mark guidelines on surfaces or foundations, using chalk lines and dividers.
Cut covering and foundation materials, according to blueprints and sketches.
Trim excess covering materials, tack edges, and join sections of covering material to form tight joint.

Job Duties: Paperhangers

Mark vertical guidelines on walls to align strips, using plumb bobs and chalk lines.
Measure and cut strips from rolls of wallpaper or fabric, using shears or razors.

Trim rough edges from strips, using straightedges and trimming knives.
Trim excess material at ceilings or baseboards, using knives.

Smooth strips or sections of paper with brushes or rollers to remove wrinkles and bubbles and to smooth joints.
Check finished wallcoverings for proper alignment, pattern matching, and neatness of seams.
Cover interior walls and ceilings of rooms with decorative wallpaper or fabric, using hand tools.
Apply adhesives to the backs of paper strips, using brushes, or dunk strips of prepasted wallcovering in water, wiping off any excess adhesive.
Place strips or sections of paper on surfaces, aligning section edges and patterns.
Fill holes, cracks, and other surface imperfections preparatory to covering surfaces.
Measure surfaces or review work orders to estimate the quantities of materials needed.
Apply sizing to seal surfaces and maximize adhesion of coverings to surfaces.
Smooth rough spots on walls and ceilings, using sandpaper.
Set up equipment, such as pasteboards and scaffolds.
Remove old paper, using water, steam machines, or solvents and scrapers.
Apply thinned glue to waterproof porous surfaces, using brushes, rollers, or pasting machines.
Mix paste, using paste powder and water, and brush paste onto surfaces.
Staple or tack advertising posters onto fences, walls, billboards, or poles.
Remove paint, varnish, dirt, and grease from surfaces, using paint remover and water soda solutions.
Apply acetic acid to damp plaster to prevent lime from bleeding through paper.
Mark vertical guidelines on walls to align strips, using plumb bobs and chalk lines.
Measure and cut strips from rolls of wallpaper or fabric, using shears or razors.
Trim rough edges from strips, using straightedges and trimming knives.
Trim excess material at ceilings or baseboards, using knives.

Job Duties: Boilermakers

Locate and mark reference points for columns or plates on boiler foundations, following blueprints and using straightedges, squares, transits, or measuring instruments.
Lay out plate, sheet steel, or other heavy metal and locate and mark bending and cutting lines, using protractors, compasses, and drawing instruments or templates.

Position, align, and secure structural parts or related assemblies to boiler frames, tanks, or vats of pressure vessels, following blueprints.

Attach rigging and signal crane or hoist operators to lift heavy frame and plate sections or other parts into place.
Study blueprints to determine locations, relationships, or dimensions of parts.
Repair or replace defective pressure vessel parts, such as safety valves or regulators, using torches, jacks, caulking hammers, power saws, threading dies, welding equipment, or metalworking machinery.
Bolt or arc weld pressure vessel structures and parts together, using wrenches or welding equipment.
Install manholes, handholes, taps, tubes, valves, gauges, or feedwater connections in drums of water tube boilers, using hand tools.
Shape or fabricate parts, such as stacks, uptakes, or chutes, to adapt pressure vessels, heat exchangers, or piping to premises, using heavy-metalworking machines such as brakes, rolls, or drill presses.
Assemble large vessels in an on-site fabrication shop prior to installation to ensure proper fit.
Examine boilers, pressure vessels, tanks, or vats to locate defects, such as leaks, weak spots, or defective sections, so that they can be repaired.
Shape seams, joints, or irregular edges of pressure vessel sections or structural parts to attain specified fit of parts, using cutting torches, hammers, files, or metalworking machines.
Inspect assembled vessels or individual components, such as tubes, fittings, valves, controls, or auxiliary mechanisms, to locate any defects.
Straighten or reshape bent pressure vessel plates or structure parts, using hammers, jacks, or torches.
Install refractory bricks or other heat-resistant materials in fireboxes of pressure vessels.
Clean pressure vessel equipment, using scrapers, wire brushes, and cleaning solvents.
Bell, bead with power hammers, or weld pressure vessel tube ends to ensure leakproof joints.
Locate and mark reference points for columns or plates on boiler foundations, following blueprints and using straightedges, squares, transits, or measuring instruments.
Lay out plate, sheet steel, or other heavy metal and locate and mark bending and cutting lines, using protractors, compasses, and drawing instruments or templates.
Position, align, and secure structural parts or related assemblies to boiler frames, tanks, or vats of pressure vessels, following blueprints.

Job Duties: Explosives Workers, Ordnance Handling Experts, and Blasters

Mark patterns, locations, and depths of charge holes for drilling, and issue drilling instructions.
Cut specified lengths of primacord and attach primers to cord ends.

Examine blast areas to determine amounts and kinds of explosive charges needed and to ensure that safety laws are observed.
Tie specified lengths of delaying fuses into patterns in order to time sequences of explosions.
Place safety cones around blast areas to alert other workers of danger zones, and signal workers as necessary to ensure that they clear blast sites prior to explosions.
Place explosive charges in holes or other spots; then detonate explosives to demolish structures or to loosen, remove, or displace earth, rock, or other materials.
Insert, pack, and pour explosives, such as dynamite, ammonium nitrate, black powder, or slurries into blast holes; then shovel drill cuttings, admit water into boreholes, and tamp material to compact charges.
Compile and keep gun and explosives records in compliance with local and federal laws.
Measure depths of drilled blast holes, using weighted tape measures.
Connect electrical wire to primers, and cover charges or fill blast holes with clay, drill chips, sand, or other material.
Lay primacord between rows of charged blast holes, and tie cord into main lines to form blast patterns.
Assemble and position equipment, explosives, and blasting caps in holes at specified depths, or load perforating guns or torpedoes with explosives.
Verify detonation of charges by observing control panels, or by listening for the sounds of blasts.
Move and store inventories of explosives, loaded perforating guns, and other materials, according to established safety procedures.
Light fuses, drop detonating devices into wells or boreholes, or activate firing devices with plungers, dials, or buttons, in order to set off single or multiple blasts.
Drive trucks to transport explosives and blasting equipment to blasting sites.
Maintain inventory levels, ordering new supplies as necessary.
Repair and service blasting, shooting, and automotive equipment, and electrical wiring and instruments, using hand tools.
Set up and operate short-wave radio or field telephone equipment to transmit and receive blast information.
Insert waterproof sealers, bullets, and/or powder charges into guns, and screw gun ports back into place.
Clean, gauge, and lubricate gun ports.
Connect gun chambers to electric detonating devices, and operate controls at panelboards, in order to detonate charges in guns or to ignite chemical charges.
Lower perforating guns into wells, using hoists; then use measuring devices and instrument panels to position guns in correct positions for taking samples.
Insert powder charges into chambers of sidewall sample-taking cylinders, and assemble cylinders, using special wrenches.
Obtain samples of earth from sidewalls of well boreholes, using electrically exploding devices.
Create and lay out designs for drill and blast patterns.
Document geological formations encountered during work.
Operate machines to flush earth cuttings or to blow dust from holes.
Set up and operate equipment such as hoists, jackhammers, and drills, in order to bore charge holes.
Signal crane operators to move equipment.
Mark patterns, locations, and depths of charge holes for drilling, and issue drilling instructions.
Cut specified lengths of primacord and attach primers to cord ends.

Job Duties: Stonemasons

Lay out wall patterns or foundations, using straight edge, rule, or staked lines.

Shape, trim, face and cut marble or stone preparatory to setting, using power saws, cutting equipment, and hand tools.
Set vertical and horizontal alignment of structures, using plumb bob, gauge line, and level.
Set stone or marble in place, according to layout or pattern.
Smooth, polish, and bevel surfaces, using hand tools and power tools.
Repair cracked or chipped areas of stone or marble, using blowtorch and mastic, and remove rough or defective spots from concrete, using power grinder or chisel and hammer.

Mix mortar or grout and pour or spread mortar or grout on marble slabs, stone, or foundation.
Remove wedges, fill joints between stones, finish joints between stones, using a trowel, and smooth the mortar to an attractive finish, using a tuck pointer.
Clean excess mortar or grout from surface of marble, stone, or monument, using sponge, brush, water, or acid.
Lay brick to build shells of chimneys and smokestacks or to line or reline industrial furnaces, kilns, boilers and similar installations.
Replace broken or missing masonry units in walls or floors.
Drill holes in marble or ornamental stone and anchor brackets in holes.
Remove sections of monument from truck bed, and guide stone onto foundation, using skids, hoist, or truck crane.
Construct and install prefabricated masonry units.
Dig trench for foundation of monument, using pick and shovel.
Position mold along guidelines of wall, press mold in place, and remove mold and paper from wall.
Line interiors of molds with treated paper and fill molds with composition-stone mixture.
Lay out wall patterns or foundations, using straight edge, rule, or staked lines.
Shape, trim, face and cut marble or stone preparatory to setting, using power saws, cutting equipment, and hand tools.
Set vertical and horizontal alignment of structures, using plumb bob, gauge line, and level.
Set stone or marble in place, according to layout or pattern.
Smooth, polish, and bevel surfaces, using hand tools and power tools.
Repair cracked or chipped areas of stone or marble, using blowtorch and mastic, and remove rough or defective spots from concrete, using power grinder or chisel and hammer.

Job Duties: Fence Erectors

Measure and lay out fence lines and mark posthole positions, following instructions, drawings, or specifications.

Set metal or wooden posts in upright positions in postholes.
Align posts, by lines or sighting, and verify vertical alignment of posts, using plumb bobs or spirit levels.
Make rails for fences, by sawing lumber or by cutting metal tubing to required lengths.

Establish the location for a fence, and gather information needed to ensure that there are no electric cables or water lines in the area.
Attach rails or tension wire along bottoms of posts to form fencing frames.
Dig postholes, using spades, posthole diggers, or power-driven augers.
Attach fence rail supports to posts, using hammers and pliers.
Assemble gates, and fasten gates into position, using hand tools.
Mix and pour concrete around bases of posts, or tamp soil into postholes to embed posts.
Nail top and bottom rails to fence posts, or insert them in slots on posts.
Discuss fencing needs with customers, and estimate and quote prices.
Stretch wire, wire mesh, or chain link fencing between posts, and attach fencing to frames.
Complete top fence rails of metal fences by connecting tube sections, using metal sleeves.
Erect alternate panel, basket weave, and louvered fences.
Insert metal tubing through rail supports.
Nail pointed slats to rails to construct picket fences.
Construct and repair barriers, retaining walls, trellises, and other types of fences, walls, and gates.
Weld metal parts together, using portable gas welding equipment.
Blast rock formations and rocky areas with dynamite to facilitate posthole digging.
Measure and lay out fence lines and mark posthole positions, following instructions, drawings, or specifications.
Set metal or wooden posts in upright positions in postholes.
Align posts, by lines or sighting, and verify vertical alignment of posts, using plumb bobs or spirit levels.
Make rails for fences, by sawing lumber or by cutting metal tubing to required lengths.

Job Duties: Terrazzo Workers and Finishers

Measure designated amounts of ingredients for terrazzo or grout, according to standard formulas and specifications, using graduated containers and scales, and load ingredients into portable mixer.

Cut metal division strips and press them into the terrazzo base for joints or changes of color to form designs or patterns or to help prevent cracks.
Position and secure moisture membrane and wire mesh in preparation for pouring base materials for terrazzo installation.
Repair concrete by cutting out damaged areas, drilling holes for reinforcing rods, and positioning reinforcing rods, using power saw and drill.

Grind surfaces with a power grinder, or polish surfaces with polishing or surfacing machines.
Blend marble chip mixtures, place into panels, and push a roller over the surface to embed the chips.
Modify mixing, grouting, grinding, or cleaning procedures, according to type of installation or material used.
Spread, level, or smooth concrete or terrazzo mixtures to form bases or finished surfaces, using rakes, shovels, hand or power trowels, hand or power screeds, or floats.
Grind curved surfaces or areas inaccessible to surfacing machine, such as stairways or cabinet tops, with portable hand grinder.
Wash polished terrazzo surface, using cleaner and water, and apply sealer and curing agent according to manufacturer's specifications, using brush or sprayer.
Fill slight grinding depressions with matching grout material and hand-trowel for a smooth, uniform surface.
Clean installation site, mixing and storage areas, tools, machines, and equipment, and store materials and equipment.
Sprinkle colored marble or stone chips, powdered steel, or coloring powder over surface to produce prescribed finish.
Wet surface to prepare for bonding, fill holes and cracks with grout or slurry, and smooth with a trowel.
Mix cement, sand, and water to produce concrete, grout, or slurry, using hoe, trowel, tamper, scraper, or concrete-mixing machine.
Chip, scrape, or grind high spots, ridges, or rough projections to finish concrete, using pneumatic chisel, hand chisel, or other hand tools.
Mold expansion joints and edges, using edging tools, jointers, or straightedges.
Move terrazzo installation materials, tools, machines, or work devices to work areas, manually or using wheelbarrow.
Clean chipped area, using wire brush, and feel and observe surface to determine if it is rough or uneven.
Precast terrazzo blocks in wooden forms.
Wet concrete surface and rub with stone to smooth surface and obtain specified finish.
Build wooden molds, clamping molds around areas to be repaired, or setting up frames to the proper depth and alignment.
Spread roofing paper on surface of foundation and spread concrete onto roofing paper with trowel to form terrazzo base.
Produce rough concrete surface, using broom.
Remove frames when the foundation is dry.
Signal truck driver to position truck to facilitate pouring concrete and move chute to direct concrete on forms.
Measure designated amounts of ingredients for terrazzo or grout, according to standard formulas and specifications, using graduated containers and scales, and load ingredients into portable mixer.
Cut metal division strips and press them into the terrazzo base for joints or changes of color to form designs or patterns or to help prevent cracks.
Position and secure moisture membrane and wire mesh in preparation for pouring base materials for terrazzo installation.
Repair concrete by cutting out damaged areas, drilling holes for reinforcing rods, and positioning reinforcing rods, using power saw and drill.

Job Duties: Rock Splitters, Quarry

Mark dimensions or outlines on stone prior to cutting, using rules and chalk lines.

Cut slabs of stone into sheets that will be used for floors or counters.
Cut grooves along outlines, using chisels.

Locate grain line patterns to determine how rocks will split when cut.
Remove pieces of stone from larger masses, using jackhammers, wedges, and other tools.
Insert wedges and feathers into holes, and drive wedges with sledgehammers to split stone sections from masses.
Set charges of explosives to split rock.
Drill holes along outlines, using jackhammers.
Drill holes into sides of stones broken from masses, insert dogs or attach slings, and direct removal of stones.
Mark dimensions or outlines on stone prior to cutting, using rules and chalk lines.
Cut slabs of stone into sheets that will be used for floors or counters.
Cut grooves along outlines, using chisels.

Job Duties: Segmental Pavers

Design paver installation layout pattern and create markings for directional references of joints and stringlines.

Set pavers, aligning and spacing them correctly.
Cut paving stones to size and for edges, using a splitter and a masonry saw.

Prepare base for installation by removing unstable or unsuitable materials, compacting and grading the soil, draining or stabilizing weak or saturated soils and taking measures to prevent water penetration and migration of bedding sand.
Supply and place base materials, edge restraints, bedding sand and jointing sand.
Discuss the design with the client.
Sweep sand into the joints and compact pavement until the joints are full.
Screed sand level to an even thickness, and recheck sand exposed to elements, raking and rescreeding if necessary.
Compact bedding sand and pavers to finish the paved area, using a plate compactor.
Sweep sand from the surface prior to opening to traffic.
Resurface an outside area with cobblestones, terracotta tiles, concrete or other materials.
Cement the edges of the paved area.
Design paver installation layout pattern and create markings for directional references of joints and stringlines.
Set pavers, aligning and spacing them correctly.
Cut paving stones to size and for edges, using a splitter and a masonry saw.

Job Duties: Brickmasons and Blockmasons

Measure distance from reference points and mark guidelines to lay out work, using plumb bobs and levels.

Break or cut bricks, tiles, or blocks to size, using trowel edge, hammer, or power saw.
Lay and align bricks, blocks, or tiles to build or repair structures or high temperature equipment, such as cupola, kilns, ovens, or furnaces.

Construct corners by fastening in plumb position a corner pole or building a corner pyramid of bricks, and filling in between the corners using a line from corner to corner to guide each course, or layer, of brick.
Apply and smooth mortar or other mixture over work surface.
Calculate angles and courses and determine vertical and horizontal alignment of courses.
Interpret blueprints and drawings to determine specifications and to calculate the materials required.
Remove excess mortar with trowels and hand tools, and finish mortar joints with jointing tools, for a sealed, uniform appearance.
Fasten or fuse brick or other building material to structure with wire clamps, anchor holes, torch, or cement.
Clean working surface to remove scale, dust, soot, or chips of brick and mortar, using broom, wire brush, or scraper.
Examine brickwork or structure to determine need for repair.
Mix specified amounts of sand, clay, dirt, or mortar powder with water to form refractory mixtures.
Remove burned or damaged brick or mortar, using sledgehammer, crowbar, chipping gun, or chisel.
Spray or spread refractory material over brickwork to protect against deterioration.
Measure distance from reference points and mark guidelines to lay out work, using plumb bobs and levels.
Break or cut bricks, tiles, or blocks to size, using trowel edge, hammer, or power saw.
Lay and align bricks, blocks, or tiles to build or repair structures or high temperature equipment, such as cupola, kilns, ovens, or furnaces.

Job Duties: Helpers--Pipelayers, Plumbers, Pipefitters, and Steamfitters

Measure, cut, thread and assemble new pipe, placing the assembled pipe in hangers or other supports.

Cut or drill holes in walls or floors to accommodate the passage of pipes.
Cut pipe and lift up to fitters.

Perform rough-ins, repair and replace fixtures and water heaters, and locate, repair, or remove leaking or broken pipes.
Assist pipe fitters in the layout, assembly, and installation of piping for air, ammonia, gas, and water systems.
Fit or assist in fitting valves, couplings, or assemblies to tanks, pumps, or systems, using hand tools.
Requisition tools and equipment, select type and size of pipe, and collect and transport materials and equipment to work site.
Mount brackets and hangers on walls and ceilings to hold pipes, and set sleeves or inserts to provide support for pipes.
Excavate and grade ditches, and lay and join pipe for water and sewer service.
Disassemble and remove damaged or worn pipe.
Clean shop, work area, and machines, using solvent and rags.
Install gas burners to convert furnaces from wood, coal, or oil.
Fill pipes with sand or resin to prevent distortion, and hold pipes during bending and installation.
Immerse pipe in chemical solution to remove dirt, oil, and scale.
Clean and renew steam traps.
Measure, cut, thread and assemble new pipe, placing the assembled pipe in hangers or other supports.
Cut or drill holes in walls or floors to accommodate the passage of pipes.
Cut pipe and lift up to fitters.

Job Duties: Plumbers, Pipefitters, and Steamfitters

Locate and mark the position of pipe installations, connections, passage holes, or fixtures in structures, using measuring instruments such as rulers or levels.

Cut, thread, or hammer pipes to specifications, using tools such as saws, cutting torches, pipe threaders, or pipe benders.
Cut openings in structures to accommodate pipes or pipe fittings, using hand or power tools.

Shut off steam, water, or other gases or liquids from pipe sections, using valve keys or wrenches.
Install underground storm, sanitary, or water piping systems, extending piping as needed to connect fixtures and plumbing.
Assemble pipe sections, tubing, or fittings, using couplings, clamps, screws, bolts, cement, plastic solvent, caulking, or soldering, brazing, or welding equipment.
Lay out full scale drawings of pipe systems, supports, or related equipment, according to blueprints.
Plan pipe system layout, installation, or repair, according to specifications.
Review blueprints, building codes, or specifications to determine work details or procedures.
Select pipe sizes, types, or related materials, such as supports, hangers, or hydraulic cylinders, according to specifications.
Fill pipes or plumbing fixtures with water or air and observe pressure gauges to detect and locate leaks.
Direct helpers engaged in pipe cutting, preassembly, or installation of plumbing systems or components.
Inspect, examine, or test installed systems or pipe lines, using pressure gauge, hydrostatic testing, observation, or other methods.
Install pipe assemblies, fittings, valves, appliances such as dishwashers or water heaters, or fixtures such as sinks or toilets, using hand or power tools.
Anchor steel supports from ceiling joists to hold pipes in place.
Attach pipes to walls, structures, or fixtures, such as radiators or tanks, using brackets, clamps, tools, or welding equipment.
Modify, clean, or maintain pipe systems, units, fittings, or related machines or equipment, using hand or power tools.
Install automatic controls to regulate pipe systems.
Estimate time, material, or labor costs for use in project plans.
Keep records of work assignments.
Inspect structures to assess material or equipment needs, to establish the sequence of pipe installations, or to plan installation around obstructions, such as electrical wiring.
Maintain or repair plumbing by replacing defective washers, replacing or mending broken pipes, or opening clogged drains.
Repair or remove and replace system components.
Install green plumbing equipment, such as faucet flow restrictors, dual-flush or pressure-assisted flush toilets, or tankless hot water heaters.
Inspect work sites for obstructions or holes that could cause structural weakness.
Install pipe systems to support alternative energy-fueled systems, such as geothermal heating or cooling systems.
Install fixtures, appliances, or equipment designed to reduce water or energy consumption.
Repair hydraulic or air pumps.
Weld small pipes or special piping, using specialized techniques, equipment, or materials, such as computer-assisted welding or microchip fabrication.
Operate motorized pumps to remove water from flooded manholes, basements, or facility floors.
Locate and mark the position of pipe installations, connections, passage holes, or fixtures in structures, using measuring instruments such as rulers or levels.
Cut, thread, or hammer pipes to specifications, using tools such as saws, cutting torches, pipe threaders, or pipe benders.
Cut openings in structures to accommodate pipes or pipe fittings, using hand or power tools.

Job Duties: Pipelayers

Lay out pipe routes, following written instructions or blueprints and coordinating layouts with supervisors.

Cut pipes to required lengths.

Install or use instruments such as lasers, grade rods, or transit levels.
Connect pipe pieces and seal joints, using welding equipment, cement, or glue.
Cover pipes with earth or other materials.
Install or repair sanitary or stormwater sewer structures or pipe systems.
Align and position pipes to prepare them for welding or sealing.
Check slopes for conformance to requirements, using levels or lasers.
Operate mechanized equipment, such as pickup trucks, rollers, tandem dump trucks, front-end loaders, or backhoes.
Grade or level trench bases, using tamping machines or hand tools.
Dig trenches to desired or required depths, by hand or using trenching tools.
Tap and drill holes into pipes to introduce auxiliary lines or devices.
Locate existing pipes needing repair or replacement, using magnetic or radio indicators.
Train or supervise others in laying pipe.
Lay out pipe routes, following written instructions or blueprints and coordinating layouts with supervisors.
Cut pipes to required lengths.

Job Duties: Paving, Surfacing, and Tamping Equipment Operators

Set up forms and lay out guidelines for curbs, according to written specifications, using string, spray paint, and concrete or water mixes.

Operate machines that clean or cut expansion joints in concrete or asphalt and that rout out cracks in pavement.

Start machine, engage clutch, and push and move levers to guide machine along forms or guidelines and to control the operation of machine attachments.
Fill tanks, hoppers, or machines with paving materials.
Control paving machines to push dump trucks and to maintain a constant flow of asphalt or other material into hoppers or screeds.
Observe distribution of paving material to adjust machine settings or material flow, and indicate low spots for workers to add material.
Coordinate truck dumping.
Drive machines onto truck trailers, and drive trucks to transport machines and material to and from job sites.
Inspect, clean, maintain, and repair equipment, using mechanics' hand tools, or report malfunctions to supervisors.
Set up and tear down equipment.
Operate machines to spread, smooth, level, or steel-reinforce stone, concrete, or asphalt on road beds.
Light burners or start heating units of machines, and regulate screed temperatures and asphalt flow rates.
Control traffic.
Shovel blacktop.
Operate tamping machines or manually roll surfaces to compact earth fills, foundation forms, and finished road materials, according to grade specifications.
Operate oil distributors, loaders, chip spreaders, dump trucks, and snow plows.
Place strips of material, such as cork, asphalt, or steel into joints, or place rolls of expansion-joint material on machines that automatically insert material.
Drive and operate curbing machines to extrude concrete or asphalt curbing.
Cut or break up pavement and drive guardrail posts, using machines equipped with interchangeable hammers.
Install dies, cutters, and extensions to screeds onto machines, using hand tools.
Set up forms and lay out guidelines for curbs, according to written specifications, using string, spray paint, and concrete or water mixes.
Operate machines that clean or cut expansion joints in concrete or asphalt and that rout out cracks in pavement.

Job Duties: Sheet Metal Workers

Lay out, measure, and mark dimensions and reference lines on material, such as roofing panels, using calculators, scribes, dividers, squares, or rulers.

Maneuver completed roofing units into position for installation.

Maintain equipment, making repairs or modifications when necessary.
Fabricate ducts for high efficiency heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems to maximize efficiency of systems.
Fasten seams or joints together with welds, bolts, cement, rivets, solder, caulks, metal drive clips, or bonds to assemble components into products or to repair sheet metal items.
Transport prefabricated parts to construction sites for assembly and installation.
Install assemblies, such as flashing, pipes, tubes, heating and air conditioning ducts, furnace casings, rain gutters, or downspouts in supportive frameworks.
Hire, train, or supervise new employees or apprentices.
Fabricate or alter parts at construction sites, using shears, hammers, punches, or drills.
Determine project requirements, such as scope, assembly sequences, or required methods or materials, using blueprints, drawings, or written or verbal instructions.
Select gauges or types of sheet metal or nonmetallic material, according to product specifications.
Shape metal material over anvils, blocks, or other forms, using hand tools.
Trim, file, grind, deburr, buff, or smooth surfaces, seams, or joints of assembled parts, using hand tools or portable power tools.
Inspect individual parts, assemblies, or installations, using measuring instruments, such as calipers, scales, or micrometers.
Develop or lay out patterns, using computerized metalworking equipment.
Convert blueprints into shop drawings to be followed in the construction or assembly of sheet metal products.
Perform sheet metal work necessary for solar panel installations.
Verify that heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems are designed, installed, and calibrated in accordance with green certification standards, such as those of Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED).
Secure metal roof panels in place by interlocking and fastening grooved panel edges.
Perform building commissioning activities by completing mechanical inspections of a building's water, lighting, or heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems.
Fasten roof panel edges or machine-made moldings to structures by nailing or welding.
Finish parts, using hacksaws or hand, rotary, or squaring shears.
Lay out, measure, and mark dimensions and reference lines on material, such as roofing panels, using calculators, scribes, dividers, squares, or rulers.
Maneuver completed roofing units into position for installation.

Job Duties: Carpenters

Measure and mark cutting lines on materials, using a ruler, pencil, chalk, and marking gauge.

Shape or cut materials to specified measurements, using hand tools, machines, or power saws.

Follow established safety rules and regulations and maintain a safe and clean environment.
Assemble and fasten materials to make frameworks or props, using hand tools and wood screws, nails, dowel pins, or glue.
Study specifications in blueprints, sketches, or building plans to prepare project layout and determine dimensions and materials required.
Verify trueness of structure, using plumb bob and level.
Inspect ceiling or floor tile, wall coverings, siding, glass, or woodwork to detect broken or damaged structures.
Erect scaffolding or ladders for assembling structures above ground level.
Install structures or fixtures, such as windows, frames, floorings, trim, or hardware, using carpenters' hand or power tools.
Maintain records, document actions, and present written progress reports.
Remove damaged or defective parts or sections of structures and repair or replace, using hand tools.
Maintain job records and schedule work crew.
Anchor and brace forms and other structures in place, using nails, bolts, anchor rods, steel cables, planks, wedges, and timbers.
Bore boltholes in timber, masonry or concrete walls, using power drill.
Install rough door and window frames, subflooring, fixtures, or temporary supports in structures undergoing construction or repair.
Dig or direct digging of post holes and set poles to support structures.
Cover subfloors with building paper to keep out moisture and lay hardwood, parquet, or wood-strip-block floors by nailing floors to subfloor or cementing them to mastic or asphalt base.
Construct forms or chutes for pouring concrete.
Arrange for subcontractors to deal with special areas, such as heating or electrical wiring work.
Build or repair cabinets, doors, frameworks, floors, or other wooden fixtures used in buildings, using woodworking machines, carpenter's hand tools, or power tools.
Finish surfaces of woodwork or wallboard in houses or buildings, using paint, hand tools, or paneling.
Select and order lumber or other required materials.
Work with or remove hazardous material.
Fill cracks or other defects in plaster or plasterboard and sand patch, using patching plaster, trowel, and sanding tool.
Prepare cost estimates for clients or employers.
Perform minor plumbing, welding, or concrete mixing work.
Apply shock-absorbing, sound-deadening, or decorative paneling to ceilings or walls.
Examine structural timbers and supports to detect decay, and replace timbers as required, using hand tools, nuts, and bolts.
Build sleds from logs and timbers for use in hauling camp buildings and machinery through wooded areas.
Measure and mark cutting lines on materials, using a ruler, pencil, chalk, and marking gauge.
Shape or cut materials to specified measurements, using hand tools, machines, or power saws.

Job Duties: Construction Laborers

Measure, mark, or record openings or distances to layout areas where construction work will be performed.

Position, join, align, or seal structural components, such as concrete wall sections or pipes.

Tend pumps, compressors, or generators to provide power for tools, machinery, or equipment or to heat or move materials, such as asphalt.
Lubricate, clean, or repair machinery, equipment, or tools.
Signal equipment operators to facilitate alignment, movement, or adjustment of machinery, equipment, or materials.
Read plans, instructions, or specifications to determine work activities.
Clean or prepare construction sites to eliminate possible hazards.
Dig ditches or trenches, backfill excavations, or compact and level earth to grade specifications, using picks, shovels, pneumatic tampers, or rakes.
Load, unload, or identify building materials, machinery, or tools, distributing them to the appropriate locations, according to project plans or specifications.
Perform site activities required of green certified construction practices, such as implementing waste management procedures, identifying materials for reuse, or installing erosion or sedimentation control mechanisms.
Control traffic passing near, in, or around work zones.
Install sewer, water, or storm drain pipes, using pipe-laying machinery or laser guidance equipment.
Operate or maintain air monitoring or other sampling devices in confined or hazardous environments.
Smooth or finish freshly poured cement or concrete, using floats, trowels, screeds, or powered cement finishing tools.
Erect or dismantle scaffolding, shoring, braces, traffic barricades, ramps, or other temporary structures.
Provide assistance to craft workers, such as carpenters, plasterers, or masons.
Perform building weatherization tasks, such as repairing windows, adding insulation, or applying weather-stripping materials.
Apply weather-stripping to reduce energy loss.
Spray materials, such as water, sand, steam, vinyl, paint, or stucco, through hoses to clean, coat, or seal surfaces.
Raze buildings or salvage useful materials.
Mop, brush, or spread paints, cleaning solutions, or other compounds over surfaces to clean them or to provide protection.
Position or dismantle forms for pouring concrete, using saws, hammers, nails, or bolts.
Grind, scrape, sand, or polish surfaces, such as concrete, marble, terrazzo, or wood flooring, using abrasive tools or machines.
Place, consolidate, or protect case-in-place concrete or masonry structures.
Mix ingredients to create compounds for covering or cleaning surfaces.
Mix, pour, or spread concrete, using portable cement mixers.
Operate jackhammers or drills to break up concrete or pavement.
Apply caulking compounds by hand or caulking guns to protect against entry of water or air.
Tend machines that pump concrete, grout, cement, sand, plaster, or stucco through spray guns for application to ceilings or walls.
Identify, pack, or transport hazardous or radioactive materials.
Use computers or other input devices to control robotic pipe cutters or cleaners.
Perform construction laborer duties at green building sites, such as renewable energy plants or wind turbine installations.
Measure, mark, or record openings or distances to layout areas where construction work will be performed.
Position, join, align, or seal structural components, such as concrete wall sections or pipes.

Job Duties: Insulation Workers, Floor, Ceiling, and Wall

Measure and cut insulation for covering surfaces, using tape measures, handsaws, power saws, knives, or scissors.

Fit, wrap, staple, or glue insulating materials to structures or surfaces, using hand tools or wires.
Cover and line structures with blown or rolled forms of materials to insulate against cold, heat, or moisture, using saws, knives, rasps, trowels, blowers, or other tools and implements.
Distribute insulating materials evenly into small spaces within floors, ceilings, or walls, using blowers and hose attachments, or cement mortars.
Move controls, buttons, or levers to start blowers and regulate flow of materials through nozzles.
Fill blower hoppers with insulating materials.
Cover, seal, or finish insulated surfaces or access holes with plastic covers, canvas strips, sealants, tape, cement or asphalt mastic.
Read blueprints, and select appropriate insulation, based on space characteristics and the heat retaining or excluding characteristics of the material.
Remove old insulation, such as asbestos, following safety procedures.
Prepare surfaces for insulation application by brushing or spreading on adhesives, cement, or asphalt, or by attaching metal pins to surfaces.
Measure and cut insulation for covering surfaces, using tape measures, handsaws, power saws, knives, or scissors.

Job Duties: Insulation Workers, Mechanical

Measure and cut insulation for covering surfaces, using tape measures, handsaws, knives, and scissors.

Apply, remove, and repair insulation on industrial equipment, pipes, ductwork, or other mechanical systems such as heat exchangers, tanks, and vessels, to help control noise and maintain temperatures.
Select appropriate insulation, such as fiberglass, Styrofoam, or cork, based on the heat retaining or excluding characteristics of the material.
Fit insulation around obstructions, and shape insulating materials and protective coverings as required.
Determine the amounts and types of insulation needed, and methods of installation, based on factors such as location, surface shape, and equipment use.
Cover, seal, or finish insulated surfaces or access holes with plastic covers, canvas strips, sealants, tape, cement, or asphalt mastic.
Install sheet metal around insulated pipes with screws to protect the insulation from weather conditions or physical damage.
Read blueprints and specifications to determine job requirements.
Prepare surfaces for insulation application by brushing or spreading on adhesives, cement, or asphalt, or by attaching metal pins to surfaces.
Distribute insulating materials evenly into small spaces within floors, ceilings, or walls, using blowers and hose attachments or cement mortar.
Remove or seal off old asbestos insulation, following safety procedures.
Fill blower hoppers with insulating materials.
Move controls, buttons, or levers to start blowers, and to regulate flow of materials through nozzles.
Measure and cut insulation for covering surfaces, using tape measures, handsaws, knives, and scissors.

Job Duties: Derrick Operators, Oil and Gas

Weigh clay, and mix with water and chemicals to make drilling mud, using portable mixers.

Inspect derricks, or order their inspection, prior to being raised or lowered.
Inspect derricks for flaws, and clean and oil derricks to maintain proper working conditions.
Control the viscosity and weight of the drilling fluid.
Repair pumps, mud tanks, and related equipment.
Set and bolt crown blocks to posts at tops of derricks.
Listen to mud pumps and check regularly for vibration and other problems to ensure that rig pumps and drilling mud systems are working properly.
Start pumps that circulate mud through drill pipes and boreholes to cool drill bits and flush out drill cuttings.
Position and align derrick elements, using harnesses and platform climbing devices.
Supervise crew members, and provide assistance in training them.
Guide lengths of pipe into and out of elevators.
Prepare mud reports, and instruct crews about the handling of any chemical additives.
Clamp holding fixtures on ends of hoisting cables.
String cables through pulleys and blocks.
Steady pipes during connection to or disconnection from drill or casing strings.
Weigh clay, and mix with water and chemicals to make drilling mud, using portable mixers.

Job Duties: First-Line Supervisors of Construction Trades and Extraction Workers

Locate, measure, and mark site locations or placement of structures or equipment, using measuring and marking equipment.

Inspect work progress, equipment, or construction sites to verify safety or to ensure that specifications are met.
Read specifications, such as blueprints, to determine construction requirements or to plan procedures.
Supervise, coordinate, or schedule the activities of construction or extractive workers.
Assign work to employees, based on material or worker requirements of specific jobs.
Coordinate work activities with other construction project activities.
Estimate material or worker requirements to complete jobs.
Analyze worker or production problems and recommend solutions, such as improving production methods or implementing motivational plans.
Order or requisition materials or supplies.
Train workers in construction methods, operation of equipment, safety procedures, or company policies.
Confer with managerial or technical personnel, other departments, or contractors to resolve problems or to coordinate activities.
Arrange for repairs of equipment or machinery.
Provide assistance to workers engaged in construction or extraction activities, using hand tools or other equipment.
Record information, such as personnel, production, or operational data on specified forms or reports.
Suggest or initiate personnel actions, such as promotions, transfers, or hires.
Locate, measure, and mark site locations or placement of structures or equipment, using measuring and marking equipment.

Job Duties: Plasterers and Stucco Masons

Install guide wires on exterior surfaces of buildings to indicate thickness of plaster or stucco and nail wire mesh, lath, or similar materials to the outside surface to hold stucco in place.

Cover surfaces such as windows, doors, or sidewalks to protect from splashing.
Clean job sites.
Mix mortar and plaster to desired consistency or direct workers who perform mixing.
Apply coats of plaster or stucco to walls, ceilings, or partitions of buildings, using trowels, brushes, or spray guns.
Set up scaffolds.
Determine materials needed to complete the job and place orders accordingly.
Apply weatherproof, decorative coverings to exterior surfaces of buildings, such as by troweling or spraying on coats of stucco.
Clean and prepare surfaces for applications of plaster, cement, stucco, or similar materials, such as by drywall taping.
Create decorative textures in finish coat, using brushes or trowels, sand, pebbles, or stones.
Apply insulation to building exteriors by installing prefabricated insulation systems over existing walls or by covering the outer wall with insulation board, reinforcing mesh, and a base coat.
Rough the undercoat surface with a scratcher so the finish coat will adhere.
Cure freshly plastered surfaces.
Spray acoustic materials or texture finish over walls or ceilings.
Mold or install ornamental plaster pieces, panels, or trim.
Install guide wires on exterior surfaces of buildings to indicate thickness of plaster or stucco and nail wire mesh, lath, or similar materials to the outside surface to hold stucco in place.

Job Duties: Highway Maintenance Workers

Measure and mark locations for installation of markers, using tape, string, or chalk.

Set out signs and cones around work areas to divert traffic.
Flag motorists to warn them of obstacles or repair work ahead.
Perform preventative maintenance on vehicles and heavy equipment.
Drive trucks to transport crews and equipment to work sites.
Erect, install, or repair guardrails, road shoulders, berms, highway markers, warning signals, and highway lighting, using hand tools and power tools.
Clean and clear debris from culverts, catch basins, drop inlets, ditches, and other drain structures.
Drive heavy equipment and vehicles with adjustable attachments to sweep debris from paved surfaces, mow grass and weeds, remove snow and ice, and spread salt and sand.
Haul and spread sand, gravel, and clay to fill washouts and repair road shoulders.
Inspect, clean, and repair drainage systems, bridges, tunnels, and other structures.
Remove litter and debris from roadways, including debris from rock and mud slides.
Dump, spread, and tamp asphalt, using pneumatic tampers, to repair joints and patch broken pavement.
Perform roadside landscaping work, such as clearing weeds and brush, and planting and trimming trees.
Apply poisons along roadsides and in animal burrows to eliminate unwanted roadside vegetation and rodents.
Paint traffic control lines and place pavement traffic messages, by hand or using machines.
Apply oil to road surfaces, using sprayers.
Inspect markers to verify accurate installation.
Place and remove snow fences used to prevent the accumulation of drifting snow on highways.
Blend compounds to form adhesive mixtures used for marker installation.
Measure and mark locations for installation of markers, using tape, string, or chalk.

Job Duties: Painters, Construction and Maintenance

Cut stencils and brush or spray lettering or decorations on surfaces.

Fill cracks, holes, or joints with caulk, putty, plaster, or other fillers, using caulking guns or putty knives.
Cover surfaces with dropcloths or masking tape and paper to protect surfaces during painting.
Smooth surfaces, using sandpaper, scrapers, brushes, steel wool, or sanding machines.
Read work orders or receive instructions from supervisors or homeowners to determine work requirements.
Apply primers or sealers to prepare new surfaces, such as bare wood or metal, for finish coats.
Apply paint, stain, varnish, enamel, or other finishes to equipment, buildings, bridges, or other structures, using brushes, spray guns, or rollers.
Erect scaffolding or swing gates, or set up ladders, to work above ground level.
Mix and match colors of paint, stain, or varnish with oil or thinning and drying additives to obtain desired colors and consistencies.
Calculate amounts of required materials and estimate costs, based on surface measurements or work orders.
Polish final coats to specified finishes.
Wash and treat surfaces with oil, turpentine, mildew remover, or other preparations, and sand rough spots to ensure that finishes will adhere properly.
Select and purchase tools or finishes for surfaces to be covered, considering durability, ease of handling, methods of application, and customers' wishes.
Remove old finishes by stripping, sanding, wire brushing, burning, or using water or abrasive blasting.
Remove fixtures such as pictures, door knobs, lamps, or electric switch covers prior to painting.
Use special finishing techniques such as sponging, ragging, layering, or faux finishing.
Waterproof buildings, using waterproofers or caulking.
Spray or brush hot plastics or pitch onto surfaces.
Bake finishes on painted or enameled articles, using baking ovens.
Cut stencils and brush or spray lettering or decorations on surfaces.

Job Duties: Solar Thermal Installers and Technicians

Cut, miter, and glue piping insulation to insulate plumbing pipes and fittings.

Test operation or functionality of mechanical, plumbing, electrical, and control systems.
Apply weather seal, such as pipe flashings and sealants, to roof penetrations and structural devices.
Install solar collector mounting devices on tile, asphalt, shingle, or built-up gravel roofs, using appropriate materials and penetration methods.
Install copper or plastic plumbing using pipes, fittings, pipe cutters, acetylene torches, solder, wire brushes, sand cloths, flux, plastic pipe cleaners, or plastic glue.
Identify plumbing, electrical, environmental, or safety hazards associated with solar thermal installations.
Demonstrate start-up, shut-down, maintenance, diagnostic, and safety procedures to thermal system owners.
Install circulating pumps using pipe, fittings, soldering equipment, electrical supplies, and hand tools.
Install flat-plat, evacuated glass, or concentrating solar collectors on mounting devices, using brackets or struts.
Install solar thermal system controllers and sensors.
Fill water tanks and check tanks, pipes, and fittings for leaks.
Design active direct or indirect, passive direct or indirect, or pool solar systems.
Determine locations for installing solar subsystem components, including piping, water heaters, valves, and ancillary equipment.
Perform routine maintenance or repairs to restore solar thermal systems to baseline operating conditions.
Install heat exchangers and heat exchanger fluids according to installation manuals and schematics.
Apply operation or identification tags or labels to system components, as required.
Connect water heaters and storage tanks to power and water sources.
Install plumbing, such as dip tubes, port fittings, drain tank valves, pressure temperature relief valves, or tanks, according to manufacturer specifications and building codes.
Install monitoring system components, such as flow meters, temperature gauges, and pressure gauges, according to system design and manufacturer specifications.
Assess collector sites to ensure structural integrity of potential mounting surfaces or the best orientation and tilt for solar collectors.
Apply ultraviolet radiation protection to prevent degradation of plumbing.
Cut, miter, and glue piping insulation to insulate plumbing pipes and fittings.

Job Duties: Rotary Drill Operators, Oil and Gas

Weigh clay, and mix with water and chemicals to make drilling mud.

Train crews, and introduce procedures to make drill work more safe and effective.
Observe pressure gauge and move throttles and levers to control the speed of rotary tables, and to regulate pressure of tools at bottoms of boreholes.
Count sections of drill rod to determine depths of boreholes.
Push levers and brake pedals to control gasoline, diesel, electric, or steam draw works that lower and raise drill pipes and casings in and out of wells.
Connect sections of drill pipe, using hand tools and powered wrenches and tongs.
Maintain records of footage drilled, location and nature of strata penetrated, materials and tools used, services rendered, and time required.
Maintain and adjust machinery to ensure proper performance.
Start and examine operation of slush pumps to ensure circulation and consistency of drilling fluid or mud in well.
Locate and recover lost or broken bits, casings, and drill pipes from wells, using special tools.
Direct rig crews in drilling and other activities, such as setting up rigs and completing or servicing wells.
Monitor progress of drilling operations, and select and change drill bits according to the nature of strata, using hand tools.
Repair or replace defective parts of machinery, such as rotary drill rigs, water trucks, air compressors, and pumps, using hand tools.
Clean and oil pulleys, blocks, and cables.
Bolt together pump and engine parts, and connect tanks and flow lines.
Remove core samples during drilling to determine the nature of the strata being drilled.
Cap wells with packers, or turn valves, to regulate outflow of oil from wells.
Line drilled holes with pipes, and install all necessary hardware, to prepare new wells.
Position and prepare truck-mounted derricks at drilling areas specified on field maps.
Plug observation wells, and restore sites.
Lower and explode charges in boreholes to start flow of oil from wells.
Dig holes, set forms, and mix and pour concrete, for foundations of steel or wooden derricks.
Weigh clay, and mix with water and chemicals to make drilling mud.

Job Duties: Helpers--Electricians

Measure, cut, and bend wire and conduit, using measuring instruments and hand tools.

Strip insulation from wire ends, using wire stripping pliers, and attach wires to terminals for subsequent soldering.
Trace out short circuits in wiring, using test meter.
Examine electrical units for loose connections and broken insulation and tighten connections, using hand tools.
Maintain tools, vehicles, and equipment and keep parts and supplies in order.
Drill holes and pull or push wiring through openings, using hand and power tools.
Clean work area and wash parts.
Perform semi-skilled and unskilled laboring duties related to the installation, maintenance and repair of a wide variety of electrical systems and equipment.
Thread conduit ends, connect couplings, and fabricate and secure conduit support brackets, using hand tools.
Disassemble defective electrical equipment, replace defective or worn parts, and reassemble equipment, using hand tools.
Construct controllers and panels, using power drills, drill presses, taps, saws, and punches.
Transport tools, materials, equipment, and supplies to work site by hand, handtruck, or heavy, motorized truck.
String transmission lines or cables through ducts or conduits, under the ground, through equipment, or to towers.
Install copper-clad ground rods, using a manual post driver.
Dig trenches or holes for installation of conduit or supports.
Raise, lower, or position equipment, tools, and materials, using hoist, hand line, or block and tackle.
Bolt component parts together to form tower assemblies, using hand tools.
Erect electrical system components and barricades, and rig scaffolds, hoists, and shoring.
Trim trees and clear undergrowth along right-of-way.
Requisition materials, using warehouse requisition or release forms.
Solder electrical connections, using soldering iron.
Paint a variety of objects related to electrical functions.
Break up concrete, using airhammer, to facilitate installation, construction, or repair of equipment.
Operate heavy equipment, such as backhoes.
Operate cutting torches and welding equipment, while working with conduit and metal components to construct devices associated with electrical functions.
Measure, cut, and bend wire and conduit, using measuring instruments and hand tools.

Job Duties: Roofers

Cut felt, shingles, or strips of flashing to fit angles formed by walls, vents, or intersecting roof surfaces.

Inspect problem roofs to determine the best repair procedures.
Remove snow, water, or debris from roofs prior to applying roofing materials.
Set up scaffolding to provide safe access to roofs.
Estimate materials and labor required to complete roofing jobs.
Cement or nail flashing strips of metal or shingle over joints to make them watertight.
Install partially overlapping layers of material over roof insulation surfaces, using chalk lines, gauges on shingling hatchets, or lines on shingles.
Apply plastic coatings, membranes, fiberglass, or felt over sloped roofs before applying shingles.
Install, repair, or replace single-ply roofing systems, using waterproof sheet materials such as modified plastics, elastomeric, or other asphaltic compositions.
Attach roofing paper to roofs in overlapping strips to form bases for other materials.
Cover roofs or exterior walls of structures with slate, asphalt, aluminum, wood, gravel, gypsum, or related materials, using brushes, knives, punches, hammers, or other tools.
Waterproof or damp-proof walls, floors, roofs, foundations, or basements by painting or spraying surfaces with waterproof coatings or by attaching waterproofing membranes to surfaces.
Apply reflective roof coatings, such as special paints or single-ply roofing sheets, to existing roofs to reduce solar heat absorption.
Apply alternate layers of hot asphalt or tar and roofing paper to roofs.
Install vapor barriers or layers of insulation on flat roofs.
Cover exposed nailheads with roofing cement or caulking to prevent water leakage or rust.
Smooth rough spots to prepare surfaces for waterproofing, using hammers, chisels, or rubbing bricks.
Glaze top layers to make a smooth finish or embed gravel in the bitumen for rough surfaces.
Mop or pour hot asphalt or tar onto roof bases.
Install attic ventilation systems, such as turbine vents, gable or ridge vents, or conventional or solar-powered exhaust fans.
Install skylights on roofs to increase natural light inside structures or to reduce energy costs.
Apply gravel or pebbles over top layers of roofs, using rakes or stiff-bristled brooms.
Install solar roofing systems that have energy-collecting photovoltaic panels built into roofing membranes, shingles, or tiles.
Spray roofs, sidings, or walls to bind, seal, insulate, or soundproof sections of structures, using spray guns, air compressors, or heaters.
Attach solar panels to existing roofs, according to specifications and without damaging roofing materials or the structural integrity of buildings.
Punch holes in slate, tile, terra cotta, or wooden shingles, using punches and hammers.
Apply modular soil- and plant-containing grids over existing roof membranes to create green roofs.
Install layers of vegetation-based green roofs, including protective membranes, drainage, aeration, water retention and filter layers, soil substrates, irrigation materials, and plants.
Cut felt, shingles, or strips of flashing to fit angles formed by walls, vents, or intersecting roof surfaces.