Tapers
47-2082.00
Updated 2026

Seal joints between plasterboard or other wallboard to prepare wall surface for painting or papering.

Sample of reported job titles: Drywall Finisher, Drywall Mechanic, Drywall Taper, Finisher, Patch Guy, Patcher, Sheetrock Finisher, Taper Finisher

Occupation-Specific Information

Tasks Save Table: XLSX CSV

ImportanceCategoryTask
84
 
Core
Press paper tape over joints to embed tape into sealing compound and to seal joints.
83
 
Core
Spread and smooth cementing material over tape, using trowels or floating machines to blend joints with wall surfaces.
82
 
Core
Spread sealing compound between boards or panels or over cracks, holes, nail heads, or screw heads, using trowels, broadknives, or spatulas.
81
 
Core
Work on high ceilings, using scaffolding or other tools, such as stilts.
81
 
Core
Seal joints between plasterboard or other wallboard to prepare wall surfaces for painting or papering.
81
 
Core
Apply additional coats to fill in holes and make surfaces smooth.
80
 
Core
Countersink nails or screws below surfaces of walls before applying sealing compounds, using hammers or screwdrivers.
79
 
Core
Mix sealing compounds by hand or with portable electric mixers.
77
 
Core
Sand or patch nicks or cracks in plasterboard or wallboard.
75
 
Core
Select the correct sealing compound or tape.
74
 
Core
Install metal molding at wall corners to secure wallboard.
73
 
Core
Use mechanical applicators that spread compounds and embed tape in one operation.
73
 
Core
Check adhesives to ensure that they will work and will remain durable.
72
 
Core
Sand rough spots of dried cement between applications of compounds.
71
 
Core
Remove extra compound after surfaces have been covered sufficiently.
67
 
Core
Apply texturizing compounds or primers to walls or ceilings before final finishing, using trowels, brushes, rollers, or spray guns.
Find occupations related to multiple tasks

Occupational Requirements

Work Activities Save Table: XLSX CSV

ImportanceWork Activity
75
 
Performing General Physical Activities — Performing general physical activities includes doing activities that require considerable use of your arms and legs and moving your whole body, such as climbing, lifting, balancing, walking, stooping, and handling materials.
73
 
Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates — Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone, in written form, e-mail, or in person.
70
 
Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events — Identifying information by categorizing, estimating, recognizing differences or similarities, and detecting changes in circumstances or events.
66
 
Handling and Moving Objects — Using hands and arms in handling, installing, positioning, and moving materials, and manipulating things.
65
 
Getting Information — Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sources.
65
 
Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work — Developing specific goals and plans to prioritize, organize, and accomplish your work.
63
 
Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Materials — Inspecting equipment, structures, or materials to identify the cause of errors or other problems or defects.
62
 
Judging the Qualities of Objects, Services, or People — Assessing the value, importance, or quality of things or people.
62
 
Scheduling Work and Activities — Scheduling events, programs, and activities, as well as the work of others.
60
 
Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge — Keeping up-to-date technically and applying new knowledge to your job.
59
 
Developing Objectives and Strategies — Establishing long-range objectives and specifying the strategies and actions to achieve them.
58
 
Monitoring Processes, Materials, or Surroundings — Monitoring and reviewing information from materials, events, or the environment, to detect or assess problems.
57
 
Controlling Machines and Processes — Using either control mechanisms or direct physical activity to operate machines or processes (not including computers or vehicles).
57
 
Making Decisions and Solving Problems — Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and solve problems.
54
 
Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships — Developing constructive and cooperative working relationships with others, and maintaining them over time.
52
 
Coordinating the Work and Activities of Others — Getting members of a group to work together to accomplish tasks.
47
 
Communicating with People Outside the Organization — Communicating with people outside the organization, representing the organization to customers, the public, government, and other external sources. This information can be exchanged in person, in writing, or by telephone or e-mail.
46
 
Developing and Building Teams — Encouraging and building mutual trust, respect, and cooperation among team members.
45
 
Estimating the Quantifiable Characteristics of Products, Events, or Information — Estimating sizes, distances, and quantities; or determining time, costs, resources, or materials needed to perform a work activity.
45
 
Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards — Using relevant information and individual judgment to determine whether events or processes comply with laws, regulations, or standards.
45
 
Thinking Creatively — Developing, designing, or creating new applications, ideas, relationships, systems, or products, including artistic contributions.
44
 
Assisting and Caring for Others — Providing personal assistance, medical attention, emotional support, or other personal care to others such as coworkers, customers, or patients.
43
 
Guiding, Directing, and Motivating Subordinates — Providing guidance and direction to subordinates, including setting performance standards and monitoring performance.
42
 
Documenting/Recording Information — Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information in written or electronic/magnetic form.
42
 
Training and Teaching Others — Identifying the educational needs of others, developing formal educational or training programs or classes, and teaching or instructing others.
41
 
Resolving Conflicts and Negotiating with Others — Handling complaints, settling disputes, and resolving grievances and conflicts, or otherwise negotiating with others.
40
 
Coaching and Developing Others — Identifying the developmental needs of others and coaching, mentoring, or otherwise helping others to improve their knowledge or skills.
39
 
Processing Information — Compiling, coding, categorizing, calculating, tabulating, auditing, or verifying information or data.
38
 
Repairing and Maintaining Mechanical Equipment — Servicing, repairing, adjusting, and testing machines, devices, moving parts, and equipment that operate primarily on the basis of mechanical (not electronic) principles.
37
 
Interpreting the Meaning of Information for Others — Translating or explaining what information means and how it can be used.
36
 
Monitoring and Controlling Resources — Monitoring and controlling resources and overseeing the spending of money.
34
 
Analyzing Data or Information — Identifying the underlying principles, reasons, or facts of information by breaking down information or data into separate parts.
34
 
Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment — Running, maneuvering, navigating, or driving vehicles or mechanized equipment, such as forklifts, passenger vehicles, aircraft, or watercraft.
33
 
Drafting, Laying Out, and Specifying Technical Devices, Parts, and Equipment — Providing documentation, detailed instructions, drawings, or specifications to tell others about how devices, parts, equipment, or structures are to be fabricated, constructed, assembled, modified, maintained, or used.
31
 
Repairing and Maintaining Electronic Equipment — Servicing, repairing, calibrating, regulating, fine-tuning, or testing machines, devices, and equipment that operate primarily on the basis of electrical or electronic (not mechanical) principles.
31
 
Staffing Organizational Units — Recruiting, interviewing, selecting, hiring, and promoting employees in an organization.
28
 
Providing Consultation and Advice to Others — Providing guidance and expert advice to management or other groups on technical, systems-, or process-related topics.
25
 
Performing Administrative Activities — Performing day-to-day administrative tasks such as maintaining information files and processing paperwork.
25
 
Performing for or Working Directly with the Public — Performing for people or dealing directly with the public. This includes serving customers in restaurants and stores, and receiving clients or guests.
23
 
Selling or Influencing Others — Convincing others to buy merchandise/goods or to otherwise change their minds or actions.
23
 
Working with Computers — Using computers and computer systems (including hardware and software) to program, write software, set up functions, enter data, or process information.

Detailed Work Activities Save Table: XLSX CSV

Find occupations related to multiple detailed work activities

Work Context Save Table: XLSX CSV

  • Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls — How much does this job require using your hands to handle, control, or feel objects, tools or controls?
    • 81%
      81%
       
      Continually or almost continually
    • 14%
      14%
       
      More than half the time
  • Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets — How often does this job require wearing common protective or safety equipment such as safety shoes, glasses, gloves, hearing protection, hard hats or life-jackets?
    • 84%
      84%
       
      Every day
    • 16%
      16%
       
      Once a month or more but not every week
  • Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions — How much does this job require making repetitive motions?
    • 75%
      75%
       
      Continually or almost continually
    • 15%
      15%
       
      More than half the time
  • Spend Time Standing — How much does this job require standing?
    • 78%
      78%
       
      Continually or almost continually
    • 15%
      15%
       
      More than half the time
  • Exposed to Contaminants — How often does this job require working exposed to contaminants (such as pollutants, gases, dust or odors)?
    • 48%
      48%
       
      Every day
    • 36%
      36%
       
      Once a week or more but not every day
  • Telephone Conversations — How often do you have telephone conversations in this job?
    • 59%
      59%
       
      Every day
    • 26%
      26%
       
      Once a week or more but not every day
  • Face-to-Face Discussions with Individuals and Within Teams — How frequently does your job require face-to-face discussions with individuals and within teams?
    • 53%
      53%
       
      Every day
    • 33%
      33%
       
      Once a week or more but not every day
  • Time Pressure — How often does this job require the worker to meet strict deadlines?
    • 24%
      24%
       
      Every day
    • 53%
      53%
       
      Once a week or more but not every day
    • 23%
      23%
       
      Once a month or more but not every week
  • Spend Time Bending or Twisting Your Body — How much does this job require bending or twisting your body?
    • 33%
      33%
       
      Continually or almost continually
    • 40%
      40%
       
      More than half the time
    • 14%
      14%
       
      About half the time
    • 12%
      12%
       
      Less than half the time
  • Spend Time Walking or Running — How much does this job require walking or running?
    • 42%
      42%
       
      Continually or almost continually
    • 22%
      22%
       
      More than half the time
    • 20%
      20%
       
      About half the time
    • 16%
      16%
       
      Less than half the time
  • Wear Specialized Protective or Safety Equipment such as Breathing Apparatus, Safety Harness, Full Protection Suits, or Radiation Protection — How often does this job require wearing specialized protective or safety equipment such as breathing apparatus, safety harness, full protection suits, or radiation protection?
    • 24%
      24%
       
      Every day
    • 48%
      48%
       
      Once a week or more but not every day
    • 18%
      18%
       
      Once a month or more but not every week
  • Exposed to High Places — How often does this job require exposure to high places?
    • 14%
      14%
       
      Every day
    • 46%
      46%
       
      Once a week or more but not every day
    • 35%
      35%
       
      Once a month or more but not every week
  • Contact With Others — How much does this job require the worker to be in contact with others (face-to-face, by telephone, or otherwise) in order to perform it?
    • 19%
      19%
       
      Constant contact with others
    • 22%
      22%
       
      Contact with others about half the time
    • 16%
      16%
       
      Occasional contact with others
  • Determine Tasks, Priorities and Goals — How much freedom does the worker have in determining the tasks, priorities, or goals of the job?
    • 29%
      29%
       
      A lot of freedom
    • 35%
      35%
       
      Some freedom
    • 13%
      13%
       
      Limited freedom
    • 17%
      17%
       
      Very little freedom
  • Exposed to Sounds, Noise Levels that are Distracting or Uncomfortable — How often does this job require working exposed to sounds and noise levels that are distracting or uncomfortable?
    • 15%
      15%
       
      Every day
    • 47%
      47%
       
      Once a week or more but not every day
    • 27%
      27%
       
      Once a month or more but not every week
    • 11%
      11%
       
      Once a year or more but not every month
  • Spend Time Climbing Ladders, Scaffolds, or Poles — How much does this job require climbing ladders, scaffolds, poles, etc.?
    • 11%
      11%
       
      Continually or almost continually
    • 46%
      46%
       
      More than half the time
    • 33%
      33%
       
      About half the time
  • Freedom to Make Decisions — How much decision making freedom, without supervision, does the job offer?
    • 28%
      28%
       
      A lot of freedom
    • 37%
      37%
       
      Some freedom
    • 11%
      11%
       
      Limited freedom
    • 11%
      11%
       
      Very little freedom
    • 13%
      13%
       
      No freedom
  • Health and Safety of Other Workers — How much responsibility is there for the health and safety of others in this job?
    • 22%
      22%
       
      Very high responsibility
    • 31%
      31%
       
      High responsibility
    • 21%
      21%
       
      Moderate responsibility
    • 26%
      26%
       
      Limited responsibility
  • Work With or Contribute to a Work Group or Team — How important is it to work with or contribute to a work group or team in this job?
    • 26%
      26%
       
      Extremely important
    • 23%
      23%
       
      Very important
    • 40%
      40%
       
      Important
    • 11%
      11%
       
      Not important at all
  • Exposed to Minor Burns, Cuts, Bites, or Stings — How often does this job require exposure to minor burns, cuts, bites, or stings?
    • 39%
      39%
       
      Every day
    • 19%
      19%
       
      Once a week or more but not every day
    • 21%
      21%
       
      Never
  • Spend Time Kneeling, Crouching, Stooping, or Crawling — How much does this job require kneeling, crouching, stooping or crawling?
    • 28%
      28%
       
      Continually or almost continually
    • 22%
      22%
       
      More than half the time
    • 22%
      22%
       
      About half the time
    • 23%
      23%
       
      Less than half the time
  • Indoors, Environmentally Controlled — How often does this job require working indoors in an environmentally controlled environment (like a warehouse with air conditioning)?
    • 23%
      23%
       
      Every day
    • 48%
      48%
       
      Once a month or more but not every week
    • 15%
      15%
       
      Once a year or more but not every month
  • E-Mail — How frequently does your job require you to use E-mail?
    • 16%
      16%
       
      Every day
    • 39%
      39%
       
      Once a week or more but not every day
    • 14%
      14%
       
      Once a month or more but not every week
    • 26%
      26%
       
      Never
  • Importance of Being Exact or Accurate — How important is being very exact or highly accurate in performing this job?
    • 42%
      42%
       
      Very important
    • 39%
      39%
       
      Important
    • 11%
      11%
       
      Fairly important
  • Duration of Typical Work Week — Number of hours typically worked in one week.
    • 94%
      94%
       
      40 hours
  • Physical Proximity — To what extent does this job require the worker to perform job tasks physically close to other people?
    • 33%
      33%
       
      Slightly close (e.g., shared office)
    • 18%
      18%
       
      I work with others but not closely (e.g., private office)
  • Exposed to Extremely Bright or Inadequate Lighting Conditions — How often does this job require working in extremely bright or inadequate lighting conditions?
    • 19%
      19%
       
      Every day
    • 15%
      15%
       
      Once a week or more but not every day
    • 25%
      25%
       
      Once a month or more but not every week
    • 29%
      29%
       
      Once a year or more but not every month
    • 11%
      11%
       
      Never
  • Indoors, Not Environmentally Controlled — How often does this job require working in an environment that is not environmentally controlled (like a warehouse without air conditioning)?
    • 15%
      15%
       
      Every day
    • 22%
      22%
       
      Once a week or more but not every day
    • 33%
      33%
       
      Once a month or more but not every week
    • 21%
      21%
       
      Never
  • Work Outcomes and Results of Other Workers — How responsible is the worker for work outcomes and results of other workers?
    • 14%
      14%
       
      Very high responsibility
    • 30%
      30%
       
      High responsibility
    • 12%
      12%
       
      Moderate responsibility
    • 32%
      32%
       
      Limited responsibility
    • 12%
      12%
       
      No responsibility
  • Spend Time Keeping or Regaining Balance — How much does this job require keeping or regaining your balance?
    • 29%
      29%
       
      Continually or almost continually
    • 14%
      14%
       
      About half the time
    • 24%
      24%
       
      Less than half the time
    • 27%
      27%
       
      Never
  • Exposed to Cramped Work Space, Awkward Positions — How often does this job require working in cramped work spaces that requires getting into awkward positions?
    • 19%
      19%
       
      Once a week or more but not every day
    • 50%
      50%
       
      Once a month or more but not every week
    • 23%
      23%
       
      Never
  • Level of Competition — To what extent does this job require the worker to compete or to be aware of competitive pressures?
    • 19%
      19%
       
      Highly competitive
    • 40%
      40%
       
      Moderately competitive
    • 27%
      27%
       
      Not at all competitive
  • Frequency of Decision Making — How often is the worker required to make decisions that affect other people, the financial resources, and/or the image and reputation of the organization?
    • 20%
      20%
       
      Every day
    • 11%
      11%
       
      Once a week or more but not every day
    • 11%
      11%
       
      Once a month or more but not every week
    • 24%
      24%
       
      Once a year or more but not every month
    • 33%
      33%
       
      Never
  • In an Enclosed Vehicle or Operate Enclosed Equipment — How often does this job require working in a closed vehicle or operate enclosed equipment (like a car)?
    • 31%
      31%
       
      Every day
    • 55%
      55%
       
      Never
  • Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results — What results do your decisions usually have on other people or the image or reputation or financial resources of your employer?
    • 20%
      20%
       
      Very important results
    • 11%
      11%
       
      Moderate results
    • 26%
      26%
       
      Minor results
    • 33%
      33%
       
      No results
  • Coordinate or Lead Others in Accomplishing Work Activities — How important is it to coordinate or lead others (not as a supervisor or team leader) in accomplishing work activities in this job?
    • 19%
      19%
       
      Very important
    • 29%
      29%
       
      Important
    • 36%
      36%
       
      Fairly important
    • 16%
      16%
       
      Not important at all
  • Importance of Repeating Same Tasks — How important are continuous, repetitive, physical activities (like key entry) or mental activities (like checking entries in a ledger) to performing this job?
    • 25%
      25%
       
      Very important
    • 21%
      21%
       
      Important
    • 11%
      11%
       
      Fairly important
    • 38%
      38%
       
      Not important at all
  • Consequence of Error — How serious would the result usually be if the worker made a mistake that was not easily correctable?
    • 35%
      35%
       
      Serious
    • 12%
      12%
       
      Not serious at all
  • Deal With External Customers or the Public in General — How important is it to deal with external customers (as in retail sales) or the public in general (as in police work) in this job?
    • 16%
      16%
       
      Very important
    • 27%
      27%
       
      Important
    • 11%
      11%
       
      Fairly important
    • 40%
      40%
       
      Not important at all
  • Dealing With Unpleasant, Angry, or Discourteous People — How frequently does the worker have to deal with unpleasant, angry, or discourteous individuals as part of the job requirements?
    • 15%
      15%
       
      Once a week or more but not every day
    • 29%
      29%
       
      Once a month or more but not every week
    • 33%
      33%
       
      Once a year or more but not every month
    • 23%
      23%
       
      Never
  • Exposed to Hazardous Equipment — How often does this job require exposure to hazardous equipment?
    • 25%
      25%
       
      Once a week or more but not every day
    • 22%
      22%
       
      Once a month or more but not every week
    • 15%
      15%
       
      Once a year or more but not every month
    • 38%
      38%
       
      Never
  • Pace Determined by Speed of Equipment — How important is it to this job that the pace is determined by the speed of equipment or machinery? (This does not refer to keeping busy at all times on this job.)
    • 17%
      17%
       
      Very important
    • 19%
      19%
       
      Important
    • 28%
      28%
       
      Fairly important
    • 31%
      31%
       
      Not important at all
  • Exposed to Very Hot or Cold Temperatures — How often does this job require working in very hot (above 90 F degrees) or very cold (below 32 F degrees) temperatures?
    • 37%
      37%
       
      Once a month or more but not every week
    • 35%
      35%
       
      Once a year or more but not every month
    • 24%
      24%
       
      Never
  • Outdoors, Exposed to All Weather Conditions — How often does this job require working outdoors, exposed to all weather conditions?
    • 11%
      11%
       
      Every day
    • 19%
      19%
       
      Once a month or more but not every week
    • 28%
      28%
       
      Once a year or more but not every month
    • 42%
      42%
       
      Never
  • Work Schedules — How regular are the work schedules for this job?
    • 49%
      49%
       
      Irregular (changes with weather conditions, production demands, or contract duration)
    • 51%
      51%
       
      Regular (established routine, set schedule)
  • Outdoors, Under Cover — How often does this job require working outdoors, under cover (like in an open shed)?
    • 11%
      11%
       
      Every day
    • 35%
      35%
       
      Once a year or more but not every month
    • 49%
      49%
       
      Never
  • Degree of Automation — How automated is the job?
    • 12%
      12%
       
      Moderately automated
    • 15%
      15%
       
      Slightly automated
    • 63%
      63%
       
      Not at all automated
  • Conflict Situations — How frequently are there conflict situations the employee has to face in this job?
    • 19%
      19%
       
      Once a month or more but not every week
    • 29%
      29%
       
      Once a year or more but not every month
    • 52%
      52%
       
      Never
  • Written Letters and Memos — How frequently does your job require written letters and memos?
    • 11%
      11%
       
      Once a week or more but not every day
    • 22%
      22%
       
      Once a year or more but not every month
    • 67%
      67%
       
      Never
  • Public Speaking — How frequently does your job require public speaking (one speaker with an audience)?
    • 12%
      12%
       
      Once a year or more but not every month
    • 81%
      81%
       
      Never
  • Exposed to Whole Body Vibration — How often does this job require exposure to whole body vibration (like operating a jackhammer or earth moving equipment)?
    • 13%
      13%
       
      Once a year or more but not every month
    • 81%
      81%
       
      Never
  • Spend Time Sitting — How much does this job require sitting?
    • 26%
      26%
       
      Less than half the time
    • 74%
      74%
       
      Never
  • Dealing with Violent or Physically Aggressive People — How frequently does this job require the worker to deal with physical aggression of violent individuals?
    • 21%
      21%
       
      Once a year or more but not every month
    • 79%
      79%
       
      Never
  • Exposed to Hazardous Conditions — How often does this job require exposure to hazardous conditions?
    • 87%
      87%
       
      Never
  • Exposed to Radiation — How often does this job require exposure to radiation?
    • 93%
      93%
       
      Never
  • In an Open Vehicle or Operating Equipment — How often does this job require working in an open vehicle or operating equipment (like a tractor)?
    • 14%
      14%
       
      Once a year or more but not every month
    • 86%
      86%
       
      Never
  • Exposed to Disease or Infections — How often does this job require exposure to disease/infections?
    • 95%
      95%
       
      Never

Experience Requirements

Job Zone Save Table: XLSX CSV

Title
Job Zone 1-2: Very Little to Some Preparation Needed
Education
Usually requires a high school diploma or GED, though some occupations may not.
Related Experience
Some occupations may need little or no previous experience; others require several months to a year of experience. For example, landscaping and groundskeeping workers might require very little training or previous experience, while agricultural equipment operators can benefit from on-the job training.
Job Training
Ranges from a few days to one year of on-the-job training.
Job Zone Examples
These occupations involve following instructions and often involve using your knowledge and skills to help others. Examples include dishwashers, landscaping and groundskeeping workers, counter and rental clerks, dental laboratory technicians, and security guards.
SVP Range
(Below 6.0)

Training & Credentials

State training
Local training
Certifications
Find certifications nationwide
State licenses

Apprenticeship Opportunities

Example apprenticeship titles for this occupation:

  • Drywall Finisher (Existing Title: Taper)
  • Taper (Alternate Title: Drywall Finisher)

Specific title(s) listed above are vetted by industry and approved by the U.S. Department of Labor for use in a Registered Apprenticeship Program.

Start your career and build your skillset. Visit Apprenticeship.gov to learn about opportunities related to this occupation.

Worker Requirements

Software Skills Save Table: XLSX CSV

Hot Technologies are requirements most frequently included across all employer job postings.

Essential Skills Save Table: XLSX CSV

ImportanceEssential Skill
47
 
Monitoring — Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organizations to make improvements or take corrective action.
44
 
Active Listening — Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand the points being made, asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times.
41
 
Speaking — Talking to others to convey information effectively.
38
 
Critical Thinking — Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclusions, or approaches to problems.
28
 
Reading Comprehension — Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work-related documents.
25
 
Learning Strategies — Selecting and using training/instructional methods and procedures appropriate for the situation when learning or teaching new things.
22
 
Active Learning — Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future problem-solving and decision-making.
22
 
Writing — Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audience.
16
 
Mathematics — Using mathematics to solve problems.
0
 
Science — Using scientific rules and methods to solve problems.

Transferable Skills Save Table: XLSX CSV

ImportanceTransferable Skill
44
 
Time Management — Managing one's own time and the time of others.
41
 
Coordination — Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions.
41
 
Social Perceptiveness — Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react as they do.
28
 
Judgment and Decision Making — Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the most appropriate one.
28
 
Quality Control Analysis — Conducting tests and inspections of products, services, or processes to evaluate quality or performance.
25
 
Instructing — Teaching others how to do something.
25
 
Service Orientation — Actively looking for ways to help people.
22
 
Complex Problem Solving — Identifying complex problems and reviewing related information to develop and evaluate options and implement solutions.
22
 
Equipment Selection — Determining the kind of tools and equipment needed to do a job.
22
 
Management of Personnel Resources — Motivating, developing, and directing people as they work, identifying the best people for the job.
22
 
Negotiation — Bringing others together and trying to reconcile differences.
22
 
Operation and Control — Controlling operations of equipment or systems.
22
 
Operations Monitoring — Watching gauges, dials, or other indicators to make sure a machine is working properly.
22
 
Persuasion — Persuading others to change their minds or behavior.
22
 
Systems Analysis — Determining how a system should work and how changes in conditions, operations, and the environment will affect outcomes.
22
 
Systems Evaluation — Identifying measures or indicators of system performance and the actions needed to improve or correct performance, relative to the goals of the system.
22
 
Troubleshooting — Determining causes of operating errors and deciding what to do about it.
19
 
Equipment Maintenance — Performing routine maintenance on equipment and determining when and what kind of maintenance is needed.
16
 
Repairing — Repairing machines or systems using the needed tools.
10
 
Installation — Installing equipment, machines, wiring, or programs to meet specifications.
10
 
Management of Material Resources — Obtaining and seeing to the appropriate use of equipment, facilities, and materials needed to do certain work.
10
 
Operations Analysis — Analyzing needs and product requirements to create a design.
3
 
Management of Financial Resources — Determining how money will be spent to get the work done, and accounting for these expenditures.
3
 
Technology Design — Generating or adapting equipment and technology to serve user needs.
0
 
Programming — Writing computer programs for various purposes.

Knowledge Save Table: XLSX CSV

ImportanceKnowledge
65
 
English Language — Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the meaning and spelling of words, and rules of composition and grammar.
61
 
Administration and Management — Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, resource allocation, human resources modeling, leadership technique, production methods, and coordination of people and resources.
59
 
Public Safety and Security — Knowledge of relevant equipment, policies, procedures, and strategies to promote effective local, state, or national security operations for the protection of people, data, property, and institutions.
58
 
Education and Training — Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and training design, teaching and instruction for individuals and groups, and the measurement of training effects.
52
 
Building and Construction — Knowledge of materials, methods, and the tools involved in the construction or repair of houses, buildings, or other structures such as highways and roads.
51
 
Customer and Personal Service — Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal services. This includes customer needs assessment, meeting quality standards for services, and evaluation of customer satisfaction.
42
 
Mathematics — Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their applications.
42
 
Transportation — Knowledge of principles and methods for moving people or goods by air, rail, sea, or road, including the relative costs and benefits.
40
 
Mechanical — Knowledge of machines and tools, including their designs, uses, repair, and maintenance.
38
 
Production and Processing — Knowledge of raw materials, production processes, quality control, costs, and other techniques for maximizing the effective manufacture and distribution of goods.
32
 
Design — Knowledge of design techniques, tools, and principles involved in production of precision technical plans, blueprints, drawings, and models.
32
 
Foreign Language — Knowledge of the structure and content of a foreign (non-English) language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition and grammar, and pronunciation.
32
 
Law and Government — Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court procedures, precedents, government regulations, executive orders, agency rules, and the democratic political process.
31
 
Engineering and Technology — Knowledge of the practical application of engineering science and technology. This includes applying principles, techniques, procedures, and equipment to the design and production of various goods and services.
29
 
Administrative — Knowledge of administrative and office procedures and systems such as word processing, managing files and records, stenography and transcription, designing forms, and workplace terminology.
25
 
Economics and Accounting — Knowledge of economic and accounting principles and practices, the financial markets, banking, and the analysis and reporting of financial data.
24
 
Personnel and Human Resources — Knowledge of principles and procedures for personnel recruitment, selection, training, compensation and benefits, labor relations and negotiation, and personnel information systems.
23
 
Physics — Knowledge and prediction of physical principles, laws, their interrelationships, and applications to understanding fluid, material, and atmospheric dynamics, and mechanical, electrical, atomic and sub-atomic structures and processes.
21
 
Communications and Media — Knowledge of media production, communication, and dissemination techniques and methods. This includes alternative ways to inform and entertain via written, oral, and visual media.
19
 
Chemistry — Knowledge of the chemical composition, structure, and properties of substances and of the chemical processes and transformations that they undergo. This includes uses of chemicals and their interactions, danger signs, production techniques, and disposal methods.
17
 
Geography — Knowledge of principles and methods for describing the features of land, sea, and air masses, including their physical characteristics, locations, interrelationships, and distribution of plant, animal, and human life.
17
 
Telecommunications — Knowledge of transmission, broadcasting, switching, control, and operation of telecommunications systems.
16
 
History and Archeology — Knowledge of historical events and their causes, indicators, and effects on civilizations and cultures.
14
 
Sociology and Anthropology — Knowledge of group behavior and dynamics, societal trends and influences, human migrations, ethnicity, cultures, and their history and origins.
13
 
Psychology — Knowledge of human behavior and performance; individual differences in ability, personality, and interests; learning and motivation; psychological research methods; and the assessment and treatment of behavioral and affective disorders.
11
 
Medicine and Dentistry — Knowledge of the information and techniques needed to diagnose and treat human injuries, diseases, and deformities. This includes symptoms, treatment alternatives, drug properties and interactions, and preventive health-care measures.
11
 
Sales and Marketing — Knowledge of principles and methods for showing, promoting, and selling products or services. This includes marketing strategy and tactics, product demonstration, sales techniques, and sales control systems.
11
 
Therapy and Counseling — Knowledge of principles, methods, and procedures for diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of physical and mental dysfunctions, and for career counseling and guidance.
8
 
Philosophy and Theology — Knowledge of different philosophical systems and religions. This includes their basic principles, values, ethics, ways of thinking, customs, practices, and their impact on human culture.
6
 
Fine Arts — Knowledge of the theory and techniques required to compose, produce, and perform works of music, dance, visual arts, drama, and sculpture.
5
 
Computers and Electronics — Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and computer hardware and software, including applications and programming.
3
 
Biology — Knowledge of plant and animal organisms, their tissues, cells, functions, interdependencies, and interactions with each other and the environment.
0
 
Food Production — Knowledge of techniques and equipment for planting, growing, and harvesting food products (both plant and animal) for consumption, including storage/handling techniques.

Education

How much education does a new hire need to perform a job in this occupation? Respondents said:

  • 46%
     
    High school diploma or equivalent required
  • 29%
     
    Less than high school diploma required
  • 25%
     
    Post-secondary certificate required

Worker Characteristics

Abilities Save Table: XLSX CSV

ImportanceAbility
60
 
Manual Dexterity — The ability to quickly move your hand, your hand together with your arm, or your two hands to grasp, manipulate, or assemble objects.
60
 
Near Vision — The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).
56
 
Arm-Hand Steadiness — The ability to keep your hand and arm steady while moving your arm or while holding your arm and hand in one position.
53
 
Extent Flexibility — The ability to bend, stretch, twist, or reach with your body, arms, and/or legs.
53
 
Multilimb Coordination — The ability to coordinate two or more limbs (for example, two arms, two legs, or one leg and one arm) while sitting, standing, or lying down. It does not involve performing the activities while the whole body is in motion.
53
 
Trunk Strength — The ability to use your abdominal and lower back muscles to support part of the body repeatedly or continuously over time without "giving out" or fatiguing.
50
 
Oral Comprehension — The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through spoken words and sentences.
50
 
Stamina — The ability to exert yourself physically over long periods of time without getting winded or out of breath.
47
 
Gross Body Equilibrium — The ability to keep or regain your body balance or stay upright when in an unstable position.
44
 
Dynamic Strength — The ability to exert muscle force repeatedly or continuously over time. This involves muscular endurance and resistance to muscle fatigue.
44
 
Finger Dexterity — The ability to make precisely coordinated movements of the fingers of one or both hands to grasp, manipulate, or assemble very small objects.
44
 
Oral Expression — The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will understand.
44
 
Selective Attention — The ability to concentrate on a task over a period of time without being distracted.
44
 
Speech Recognition — The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person.
41
 
Category Flexibility — The ability to generate or use different sets of rules for combining or grouping things in different ways.
41
 
Control Precision — The ability to quickly and repeatedly adjust the controls of a machine or a vehicle to exact positions.
41
 
Far Vision — The ability to see details at a distance.
41
 
Gross Body Coordination — The ability to coordinate the movement of your arms, legs, and torso together when the whole body is in motion.
41
 
Information Ordering — The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according to a specific rule or set of rules (e.g., patterns of numbers, letters, words, pictures, mathematical operations).
41
 
Problem Sensitivity — The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does not involve solving the problem, only recognizing that there is a problem.
41
 
Speech Clarity — The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you.
38
 
Deductive Reasoning — The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that make sense.
38
 
Inductive Reasoning — The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusions (includes finding a relationship among seemingly unrelated events).
38
 
Visualization — The ability to imagine how something will look after it is moved around or when its parts are moved or rearranged.
35
 
Static Strength — The ability to exert maximum muscle force to lift, push, pull, or carry objects.
35
 
Time Sharing — The ability to shift back and forth between two or more activities or sources of information (such as speech, sounds, touch, or other sources).
31
 
Written Comprehension — The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.
25
 
Dynamic Flexibility — The ability to quickly and repeatedly bend, stretch, twist, or reach out with your body, arms, and/or legs.
25
 
Perceptual Speed — The ability to quickly and accurately compare similarities and differences among sets of letters, numbers, objects, pictures, or patterns. The things to be compared may be presented at the same time or one after the other. This ability also includes comparing a presented object with a remembered object.
25
 
Written Expression — The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will understand.
22
 
Auditory Attention — The ability to focus on a single source of sound in the presence of other distracting sounds.
22
 
Depth Perception — The ability to judge which of several objects is closer or farther away from you, or to judge the distance between you and an object.
22
 
Explosive Strength — The ability to use short bursts of muscle force to propel oneself (as in jumping or sprinting), or to throw an object.
22
 
Flexibility of Closure — The ability to identify or detect a known pattern (a figure, object, word, or sound) that is hidden in other distracting material.
22
 
Fluency of Ideas — The ability to come up with a number of ideas about a topic (the number of ideas is important, not their quality, correctness, or creativity).
22
 
Glare Sensitivity — The ability to see objects in the presence of a glare or bright lighting.
22
 
Originality — The ability to come up with unusual or clever ideas about a given topic or situation, or to develop creative ways to solve a problem.
22
 
Speed of Closure — The ability to quickly make sense of, combine, and organize information into meaningful patterns.
22
 
Visual Color Discrimination — The ability to match or detect differences between colors, including shades of color and brightness.
19
 
Mathematical Reasoning — The ability to choose the right mathematical methods or formulas to solve a problem.
19
 
Memorization — The ability to remember information such as words, numbers, pictures, and procedures.
19
 
Speed of Limb Movement — The ability to quickly move the arms and legs.
16
 
Hearing Sensitivity — The ability to detect or tell the differences between sounds that vary in pitch and loudness.
16
 
Number Facility — The ability to add, subtract, multiply, or divide quickly and correctly.
16
 
Reaction Time — The ability to quickly respond (with the hand, finger, or foot) to a signal (sound, light, picture) when it appears.
16
 
Spatial Orientation — The ability to know your location in relation to the environment or to know where other objects are in relation to you.
16
 
Wrist-Finger Speed — The ability to make fast, simple, repeated movements of the fingers, hands, and wrists.
13
 
Peripheral Vision — The ability to see objects or movement of objects to one's side when the eyes are looking ahead.
13
 
Rate Control — The ability to time your movements or the movement of a piece of equipment in anticipation of changes in the speed and/or direction of a moving object or scene.
13
 
Response Orientation — The ability to choose quickly between two or more movements in response to two or more different signals (lights, sounds, pictures). It includes the speed with which the correct response is started with the hand, foot, or other body part.
6
 
Night Vision — The ability to see under low-light conditions.
6
 
Sound Localization — The ability to tell the direction from which a sound originated.

Career Interest Types Save Table: XLSX CSV

Occupational InterestCareer Interest Type
92
 
Realistic — Work involves designing, building, or repairing of equipment, materials, or structures, engaging in physical activity, or working outdoors. Realistic occupations are often associated with engineering, mechanics and electronics, construction, woodworking, transportation, machine operation, agriculture, animal services, physical or manual labor, athletics, or protective services.
41
 
Conventional — Work involves following procedures and regulations to organize information or data, typically in a business setting. Conventional occupations are often associated with office work, accounting, mathematics/statistics, information technology, finance, or human resources.
12
 
Artistic — Work involves creating original visual artwork, performances, written works, food, or music for a variety of media, or applying artistic principles to the design of various objects and materials. Artistic occupations are often associated with visual arts, applied arts and design, performing arts, music, creative writing, media, or culinary art.
11
 
Investigative — Work involves studying and researching non-living objects, living organisms, disease or other forms of impairment, or human behavior. Investigative occupations are often associated with physical, life, medical, or social sciences, and can be found in the fields of humanities, mathematics/statistics, information technology, or health care service.
8
 
Social — Work involves helping, teaching, advising, assisting, or providing service to others. Social occupations are often associated with social, health care, personal service, teaching/education, or religious activities.
1
 
Enterprising — Work involves managing, negotiating, marketing, or selling, typically in a business setting, or leading or advising people in political and legal situations. Enterprising occupations are often associated with business initiatives, sales, marketing/advertising, finance, management/administration, professional advising, public speaking, politics, or law.

Specific Interest Areas Save Table: XLSX CSV

Occupational InterestSpecific Interest Area
81
 
Physical/Manual Labor — Work involves manually unloading and moving freight, stock, luggage, or other materials, or performing other physical labor.
33
 
Construction/Woodwork — Work involves constructing, installing, or repairing structures and fixtures made of wood.
7
 
Engineering — Work involves applying science and technology to the design, building, testing, and use of electrical and electronic components, mechanical devices and machines, automotive, marine, and aerospace equipment and vehicles, materials, or structures.
7
 
Mechanics/Electronics — Work involves maintaining and repairing of machinery, such as automotive engines, electronic equipment, computers, and communication systems.
4
 
Transportation/Machine Operation — Work involves driving vehicles, such as vans, trucks, trains, and buses to transport people or materials. Work can also involve operating heavy equipment, such as cranes, forklifts, bulldozers, and backhoes to move materials or earth.
3
 
Applied Arts and Design — Work involves applying artistic principles to the design and creation of various objects and materials.
2
 
Accounting — Work involves examining, analyzing, and interpreting accounting records for financial statements, or maintaining, auditing, or evaluating records and accounts.
2
 
Visual Arts — Work involves creating original visual artwork for a variety of media and purposes using various techniques and software.
1
 
Mathematics/Statistics — Work involves developing and applying mathematics and statistical theory and methods.
1
 
Office Work — Work involves clerical and administrative tasks for an organization such as answering phones, bookkeeping, updating records, scheduling appointments or meetings, and editing of documents and files.
1
 
Physical Science — Work involves studying and researching non-living objects, materials, and phenomena through scientific disciplines such as physics, chemistry, astronomy, meteorology, or geology.
1
 
Teaching/Education — Work involves teaching through lectures, discussions, and demonstrations in one or more subjects.
0
 
Agriculture — Work involves planting, cultivating, and harvesting crops, plants, or trees, or raising farm animals. Work can also involve preparing plant and animal products for distribution to consumers, or protecting natural resources to maximize their use in farming.
0
 
Animal Service — Work involves feeding, grooming, exercising, or otherwise providing care to promote and maintain the well-being of pets and other animals in settings such as kennels, animal shelters, and zoos.
0
 
Athletics — Work involves training, practicing, or competing in athletic events, or supporting those participating in athletics through coaching, training, or officiating.
0
 
Business Initiatives — Work involves creating strategic plans or taking actions to expand an organization's business or market share.
0
 
Creative Writing — Work involves developing creative written works, such as novels, scripts, song lyrics, poetry, stories, or advertisements.
0
 
Culinary Art — Work involves preparing, cooking, and presenting food in a distinctive style usually associated with a specific culture or region.
0
 
Finance — Work involves directing and managing financial activities, such as planning and investments for an individual or organization to generate income.
0
 
Health Care Service — Work involves providing health care services to individuals to include the diagnosis, prevention, or treatment of diseases and other forms of illness or impairment.
0
 
Human Resources — Work involves recruiting, selecting, and training job applicants, maintaining employee personnel records, administering compensation and employee-benefit programs, and conducting employee performance reviews.
0
 
Humanities — Work involves studying and researching aspects of human history, culture, and language through disciplines such as history, philosophy, the language arts, or area/ethnic studies.
0
 
Information Technology — Work involves designing, developing, testing, and maintaining computer software, hardware, networks, and systems.
0
 
Law — Work involves studying and applying legal knowledge.
0
 
Life Science — Work involves studying and researching living organisms through scientific disciplines such as biology, botany, zoology, microbiology, physiology, biochemistry, or zoology.
0
 
Management/Administration — Work involves planning, directing, or coordinating the daily operations of an organization, and overseeing personnel, business, or administrative services.
0
 
Marketing/Advertising — Work involves promoting or creating a public image for products, services, or organizations to attract interest, engagement, or sales.
0
 
Media — Work involves producing, developing, writing, directing, or presenting information through print, radio, television, or digital media.
0
 
Medical Science — Work involves studying and researching the causes, nature, effects, and treatments of disease or other forms of impairment or illness.
0
 
Music — Work involves conducting, composing, or playing music or singing.
0
 
Nature/Outdoors — Work involves planning, restoring, and conserving natural areas and wildlife habitats.
0
 
Performing Arts — Work involves acting as a performer in dance, comedy, or dramatic productions, choreographing of dance performances, or producing of live or recorded entertainment.
0
 
Personal Service — Work involves providing personal services to individuals in need of non-medical assistance such as helping arrange or plan for travel, meals, or events.
0
 
Politics — Work involves engaging in political activities to influence government policy.
0
 
Professional Advising — Work involves providing expert advice, coaching, and counseling on topics such as careers, educational opportunities, and educational and professional development.
0
 
Protective Service — Work involves maintaining order and protecting life and property by conducting investigations and enforcing laws and regulations to prevent or solve crimes.
0
 
Public Speaking — Work involves speaking before an audience to educate, entertain, or influence the listeners.
0
 
Religious Activities — Work involves conducting religious worship, leading a church or other religious group, and offering moral guidance associated with beliefs and practices of a religious faith.
0
 
Sales — Work involves selling goods or services.
0
 
Social Science — Work involves studying and researching human behavior, society, politics, and social relationships through scientific disciplines such as psychology, sociology, economics, or political science.
0
 
Social Service — Work involves providing social services and assistance to improve the well-being and social and psychological functioning of children and adults.

Work Styles Save Table: XLSX CSV

ImpactWork Style
75
 
Attention to Detail — A tendency to be detail-oriented, organized, and thorough in completing work.
66
 
Dependability — A tendency to be reliable, responsible, and consistent in meeting work-related obligations.
32
 
Cautiousness — A tendency to be careful, deliberate, and risk-avoidant when making work-related decisions or doing work.
28
 
Achievement Orientation — A tendency to establish and maintain personally challenging work-related goals, set high work-related standards, and exert high effort toward meeting those goals and standards.
22
 
Perseverance — A tendency to exhibit determination and resolve to perform or complete tasks in the face of difficult circumstances or obstacles at work.
16
 
Stress Tolerance — A tendency to cope and function effectively in stressful situations at work.
13
 
Integrity — A tendency to be honest and ethical at work.
11
 
Self-Confidence — A tendency to believe in one's work-related capabilities and ability to control one's work-related outcomes.
8
 
Cooperation — A tendency to be pleasant, helpful, and willing to assist others at work.
1
 
Sincerity — A tendency to be genuine and sincere in interactions with others at work, without concern for personal gain or self-interest.

Workforce Characteristics

Wages & Employment Trends

Median wages (2025)
$32.82 hourly, $68,270 annual
State wages
Local wages
Employment (2024)
15,600 employees
Projected growth (2024-2034)
Little or no change
Projected job openings (2024-2034)
1,100
State trends
Top industries (2024)
Construction (80% employed in this sector)

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics 2025 wage data and 2024-2034 employment projections . “Projected growth” represents the estimated change in total employment over the projections period (2024-2034). “Projected job openings” represent openings due to growth and replacement.

Job Openings on the Web

State job openings
Local job openings

More Information

Professional Associations

Disclaimer: Sources are listed to provide additional information on related jobs, specialties, and/or industries. Links to non-DOL Internet sites are provided for your convenience and do not constitute an endorsement.

National Associations
Accreditation, Certification, & Unions