Details Report for:
15-1299.08 - Computer Systems Engineers/Architects

Design and develop solutions to complex applications problems, system administration issues, or network concerns. Perform systems management and integration functions.

Sample of reported job titles: Electronic Data Interchange System Developer (EDI System Developer), Information Technology Architect (IT Architect), Network and Infrastructure Engineer, Network Engineer, Solution Architect, System Architect, Systems Consultant, Systems Engineer

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Tasks Save Table (XLS/CSV)

Importance	Category	Task
81	Core	Verify stability, interoperability, portability, security, or scalability of system architecture.
78	Core	Develop system engineering, software engineering, system integration, or distributed system architectures.
78	Core	Collaborate with engineers or software developers to select appropriate design solutions or ensure the compatibility of system components.
77	Core	Identify system data, hardware, or software components required to meet user needs.
77	Core	Communicate with staff or clients to understand specific system requirements.
76	Core	Research, test, or verify proper functioning of software patches and fixes.
76	Core	Provide advice on project costs, design concepts, or design changes.
75	Core	Perform security analyses of developed or packaged software components.
74	Core	Provide technical guidance or support for the development or troubleshooting of systems.
74	Core	Document design specifications, installation instructions, and other system-related information.
73	Core	Communicate project information through presentations, technical reports, or white papers.
73	Core	Define and analyze objectives, scope, issues, or organizational impact of information systems.
72	Core	Monitor system operation to detect potential problems.
72	Core	Design and conduct hardware or software tests.
72	Core	Evaluate current or emerging technologies to consider factors such as cost, portability, compatibility, or usability.
71	Core	Provide customers or installation teams guidelines for implementing secure systems.
71	Core	Establish functional or system standards to address operational requirements, quality requirements, and design constraints.
70	Core	Investigate system component suitability for specified purposes and make recommendations regarding component use.
66	Core	Complete models and simulations, using manual or automated tools, to analyze or predict system performance under different operating conditions.
66	Core	Develop or approve project plans, schedules, or budgets.
65	Core	Develop efficient and effective system controllers.
64	Core	Evaluate existing systems to determine effectiveness and suggest changes to meet organizational requirements.
63	Core	Configure servers to meet functional specifications.
63	Core	Direct the analysis, development, and operation of complete computer systems.
61	Core	Develop application-specific software.
60	Core	Perform ongoing hardware and software maintenance operations, including installing or upgrading hardware or software.
59	Core	Direct the installation of operating systems, network or application software, or computer or network hardware.
55	Core	Train system users in system operation or maintenance.

Find occupations related to multiple tasks

Technology Skills Save Table (XLS/CSV)

Access software — Citrix ; Symark PowerBroker
Analytical or scientific software — IBM SPSS Statistics ; Minitab ; SAS ; The MathWorks MATLAB (see all 5 examples)
Application server software — Docker ; Red Hat OpenShift ; Red Hat WildFly ; Spring Boot (see all 7 examples)
Backup or archival software — Veritas NetBackup
Business intelligence and data analysis software — Apache Spark ; MicroStrategy ; Oracle Business Intelligence Enterprise Edition ; Qlik Tech QlikView (see all 6 examples)
Communications server software — IBM Domino
Computer aided design CAD software — Autodesk AutoCAD ; Autodesk Revit ; Bentley MicroStation ; Dassault Systemes SOLIDWORKS (see all 7 examples)
Computer based training software — InScribe
Configuration management software — Chef; Perforce Helix software; Puppet ; VMWare (see all 6 examples)
Content workflow software — Atlassian JIRA
Customer relationship management CRM software — Oracle Eloqua; Salesforce software
Data base management system software — Amazon DynamoDB ; Apache Hive ; Elasticsearch ; MongoDB (see all 15 examples)
Data base reporting software — Microsoft SQL Server Reporting Services ; SAP Crystal Reports
Data base user interface and query software — Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud EC2 ; Amazon Redshift ; Oracle JDBC ; Transact-SQL (see all 13 examples)
Data mining software — Google Analytics
Desktop communications software — Eko; Skype
Desktop publishing software — Adobe Systems Adobe FrameMaker
Development environment software — Apache Ant ; Common business oriented language COBOL ; Go ; Microsoft PowerShell (see all 28 examples)
Document management software — Adobe Systems Adobe Acrobat ; Dropbox
Electronic mail software — IBM Notes ; Microsoft Exchange
Enterprise application integration software — Atlassian Bamboo ; IBM WebSphere ; Microsoft SQL Server Integration Services SSIS ; Oracle Fusion Middleware (see all 6 examples)
Enterprise resource planning ERP software — Microsoft Dynamics GP ; NetSuite ERP ; Oracle Hyperion ; Oracle JD Edwards EnterpriseOne (see all 10 examples)
Enterprise system management software — IBM Power Systems software; Splunk Enterprise
Expert system software — Ansible software
File versioning software — Apache Subversion SVN ; Git
Financial analysis software — Delphi Technology; Oracle E-Business Suite Financials
Graphical user interface development software — Altia Design; Salesforce Visualforce
Graphics or photo imaging software — Adobe Systems Adobe Creative Cloud ; Adobe Systems Adobe Photoshop ; Microsoft Visio ; Trimble SketchUp Pro (see all 6 examples)
Human resources software — Human resource management software HRMS; Oracle Taleo
Industrial control software — Supervisory control and data acquisition SCADA software
Information retrieval or search software — LexisNexis
Instant messaging software — Blink
Internet browser software — Web browser software
Internet directory services software — Microsoft Active Directory
Internet protocol IP multimedia subsystem software — Voice over internet protocol VoiP system software
LAN software — Local area network LAN software
Map creation software — ESRI ArcGIS software ; Geographic information system GIS software
Medical software — Epic Systems ; MEDITECH software
Metadata management software — CA Erwin Data Modeler
Network conferencing software — IBM Lotus SameTime
Network monitoring software — Nagios ; Network intrusion prevention systems NIPS; Snort; Wireshark
Network security and virtual private network VPN equipment software — Firewall software
Network security or virtual private network VPN management software — Intrusion detection system IDS; Virtual private networking VPN software
Object or component oriented development software — Advanced business application programming ABAP ; jQuery ; Objective C ; Scala (see all 17 examples)
Object oriented data base management software — Hibernate ORM; PostgreSQL
Office suite software — Microsoft Office
Operating system software — Bash ; Microsoft Windows Server ; Red Hat Enterprise Linux ; UNIX Shell (see all 16 examples)
Platform interconnectivity software — Amazon Web Services AWS CloudFormation
Portal server software — Apache HTTP Server
Presentation software — Microsoft PowerPoint
Program testing software — Hewlett Packard LoadRunner; JUnit ; Selenium
Project management software — Confluence ; Microsoft Teams; Oracle Primavera Enterprise Project Portfolio Management ; Slack (see all 7 examples)
Requirements analysis and system architecture software — Unified modeling language UML
Sales and marketing software — Google AdWords ; Marketo Marketing Automation
Spreadsheet software — Microsoft Excel
Storage networking software — Amazon Simple Storage Service S3 ; Storage area network SAN software
Transaction security and virus protection software — McAfee; Symantec
Transaction server software — BEA Tuxedo; Customer information control system CICS; Microsoft Internet Information Service IIS
Video conferencing software — Cisco Systems Webex
Video creation and editing software — Apple Final Cut Pro
WAN switching software and firmware — Wide area network WAN software
Web page creation and editing software — Adobe Systems Adobe Dreamweaver
Web platform development software — Backbone.js ; Google AngularJS ; Microsoft ASP.NET Core MVC ; React (see all 29 examples)
Word processing software — 3M Post-it App

Hot Technology — a technology requirement frequently included in employer job postings.

Tools Used Save Table (XLS/CSV)

Access servers — Lightweight directory access protocol LDAP servers
Computer servers — Blade servers; Web servers
Desktop computers
Graphics or video accelerator cards — Graphics display cards
High capacity removable media drives — Mass storage devices
Mainframe computers
Mobile phones — Smartphones
Motherboards
Network routers — Computer network routers
Notebook computers — Laptop computers
Personal computers
Radio frequency RF cable — Radio frequency cables
Signal cable — Multi-conductor cables
Tablet computers

Knowledge Save Table (XLS/CSV)

Importance		Knowledge
93		Computers and Electronics — Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and computer hardware and software, including applications and programming.
75		Engineering and Technology — Knowledge of the practical application of engineering science and technology. This includes applying principles, techniques, procedures, and equipment to the design and production of various goods and services.
73		English Language — Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition, and grammar.
72		Mathematics — Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their applications.
62		Design — Knowledge of design techniques, tools, and principles involved in production of precision technical plans, blueprints, drawings, and models.
58		Telecommunications — Knowledge of transmission, broadcasting, switching, control, and operation of telecommunications systems.
55		Administration and Management — Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, resource allocation, human resources modeling, leadership technique, production methods, and coordination of people and resources.
53		Customer and Personal Service — Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal services. This includes customer needs assessment, meeting quality standards for services, and evaluation of customer satisfaction.
47		Education and Training — Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and training design, teaching and instruction for individuals and groups, and the measurement of training effects.
43		Communications and Media — Knowledge of media production, communication, and dissemination techniques and methods. This includes alternative ways to inform and entertain via written, oral, and visual media.
39		Production and Processing — Knowledge of raw materials, production processes, quality control, costs, and other techniques for maximizing the effective manufacture and distribution of goods.
37		Personnel and Human Resources — Knowledge of principles and procedures for personnel recruitment, selection, training, compensation and benefits, labor relations and negotiation, and personnel information systems.
34		Law and Government — Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court procedures, precedents, government regulations, executive orders, agency rules, and the democratic political process.
33		Psychology — Knowledge of human behavior and performance; individual differences in ability, personality, and interests; learning and motivation; psychological research methods; and the assessment and treatment of behavioral and affective disorders.
32		Clerical — Knowledge of administrative and clerical procedures and systems such as word processing, managing files and records, stenography and transcription, designing forms, and other office procedures and terminology.
30		Public Safety and Security — Knowledge of relevant equipment, policies, procedures, and strategies to promote effective local, state, or national security operations for the protection of people, data, property, and institutions.
29		Economics and Accounting — Knowledge of economic and accounting principles and practices, the financial markets, banking and the analysis and reporting of financial data.
21		Sales and Marketing — Knowledge of principles and methods for showing, promoting, and selling products or services. This includes marketing strategy and tactics, product demonstration, sales techniques, and sales control systems.
20		Physics — Knowledge and prediction of physical principles, laws, their interrelationships, and applications to understanding fluid, material, and atmospheric dynamics, and mechanical, electrical, atomic and sub- atomic structures and processes.
19		Sociology and Anthropology — Knowledge of group behavior and dynamics, societal trends and influences, human migrations, ethnicity, cultures and their history and origins.
13		Geography — Knowledge of principles and methods for describing the features of land, sea, and air masses, including their physical characteristics, locations, interrelationships, and distribution of plant, animal, and human life.
13		Mechanical — Knowledge of machines and tools, including their designs, uses, repair, and maintenance.
11		Transportation — Knowledge of principles and methods for moving people or goods by air, rail, sea, or road, including the relative costs and benefits.
10		Philosophy and Theology — Knowledge of different philosophical systems and religions. This includes their basic principles, values, ethics, ways of thinking, customs, practices, and their impact on human culture.
9		Chemistry — Knowledge of the chemical composition, structure, and properties of substances and of the chemical processes and transformations that they undergo. This includes uses of chemicals and their interactions, danger signs, production techniques, and disposal methods.
9		History and Archeology — Knowledge of historical events and their causes, indicators, and effects on civilizations and cultures.
7		Foreign Language — Knowledge of the structure and content of a foreign (non-English) language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition and grammar, and pronunciation.
5		Building and Construction — Knowledge of materials, methods, and the tools involved in the construction or repair of houses, buildings, or other structures such as highways and roads.
5		Therapy and Counseling — Knowledge of principles, methods, and procedures for diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of physical and mental dysfunctions, and for career counseling and guidance.
4		Biology — Knowledge of plant and animal organisms, their tissues, cells, functions, interdependencies, and interactions with each other and the environment.
3		Fine Arts — Knowledge of the theory and techniques required to compose, produce, and perform works of music, dance, visual arts, drama, and sculpture.
3		Medicine and Dentistry — Knowledge of the information and techniques needed to diagnose and treat human injuries, diseases, and deformities. This includes symptoms, treatment alternatives, drug properties and interactions, and preventive health-care measures.
1		Food Production — Knowledge of techniques and equipment for planting, growing, and harvesting food products (both plant and animal) for consumption, including storage/handling techniques.

Skills Save Table (XLS/CSV)

Importance		Skill
78		Critical Thinking — Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclusions or approaches to problems.
78		Reading Comprehension — Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work related documents.
75		Active Listening — Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand the points being made, asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times.
75		Systems Evaluation — Identifying measures or indicators of system performance and the actions needed to improve or correct performance, relative to the goals of the system.
72		Complex Problem Solving — Identifying complex problems and reviewing related information to develop and evaluate options and implement solutions.
72		Systems Analysis — Determining how a system should work and how changes in conditions, operations, and the environment will affect outcomes.
72		Writing — Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audience.
69		Active Learning — Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future problem-solving and decision-making.
69		Operations Analysis — Analyzing needs and product requirements to create a design.
69		Speaking — Talking to others to convey information effectively.
63		Monitoring — Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organizations to make improvements or take corrective action.
60		Judgment and Decision Making — Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the most appropriate one.
60		Programming — Writing computer programs for various purposes.
56		Time Management — Managing one's own time and the time of others.
53		Coordination — Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions.
53		Instructing — Teaching others how to do something.
53		Mathematics — Using mathematics to solve problems.
53		Science — Using scientific rules and methods to solve problems.
50		Learning Strategies — Selecting and using training/instructional methods and procedures appropriate for the situation when learning or teaching new things.
50		Management of Personnel Resources — Motivating, developing, and directing people as they work, identifying the best people for the job.
50		Negotiation — Bringing others together and trying to reconcile differences.
50		Persuasion — Persuading others to change their minds or behavior.
50		Quality Control Analysis — Conducting tests and inspections of products, services, or processes to evaluate quality or performance.
50		Service Orientation — Actively looking for ways to help people.
50		Social Perceptiveness — Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react as they do.
47		Operation Monitoring — Watching gauges, dials, or other indicators to make sure a machine is working properly.
38		Troubleshooting — Determining causes of operating errors and deciding what to do about it.
35		Management of Financial Resources — Determining how money will be spent to get the work done, and accounting for these expenditures.
35		Technology Design — Generating or adapting equipment and technology to serve user needs.
28		Management of Material Resources — Obtaining and seeing to the appropriate use of equipment, facilities, and materials needed to do certain work.
16		Installation — Installing equipment, machines, wiring, or programs to meet specifications.
13		Equipment Maintenance — Performing routine maintenance on equipment and determining when and what kind of maintenance is needed.
13		Equipment Selection — Determining the kind of tools and equipment needed to do a job.
13		Operation and Control — Controlling operations of equipment or systems.
13		Repairing — Repairing machines or systems using the needed tools.

Abilities Save Table (XLS/CSV)

Importance		Ability
78		Problem Sensitivity — The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does not involve solving the problem, only recognizing there is a problem.
75		Oral Comprehension — The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through spoken words and sentences.
75		Written Comprehension — The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.
75		Written Expression — The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will understand.
72		Deductive Reasoning — The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that make sense.
72		Inductive Reasoning — The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusions (includes finding a relationship among seemingly unrelated events).
72		Information Ordering — The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according to a specific rule or set of rules (e.g., patterns of numbers, letters, words, pictures, mathematical operations).
72		Oral Expression — The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will understand.
72		Originality — The ability to come up with unusual or clever ideas about a given topic or situation, or to develop creative ways to solve a problem.
66		Near Vision — The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).
60		Fluency of Ideas — The ability to come up with a number of ideas about a topic (the number of ideas is important, not their quality, correctness, or creativity).
56		Mathematical Reasoning — The ability to choose the right mathematical methods or formulas to solve a problem.
56		Speech Clarity — The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you.
56		Speech Recognition — The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person.
53		Category Flexibility — The ability to generate or use different sets of rules for combining or grouping things in different ways.
53		Number Facility — The ability to add, subtract, multiply, or divide quickly and correctly.
53		Selective Attention — The ability to concentrate on a task over a period of time without being distracted.
50		Flexibility of Closure — The ability to identify or detect a known pattern (a figure, object, word, or sound) that is hidden in other distracting material.
50		Perceptual Speed — The ability to quickly and accurately compare similarities and differences among sets of letters, numbers, objects, pictures, or patterns. The things to be compared may be presented at the same time or one after the other. This ability also includes comparing a presented object with a remembered object.
47		Visualization — The ability to imagine how something will look after it is moved around or when its parts are moved or rearranged.
44		Far Vision — The ability to see details at a distance.
44		Speed of Closure — The ability to quickly make sense of, combine, and organize information into meaningful patterns.
41		Memorization — The ability to remember information such as words, numbers, pictures, and procedures.
31		Finger Dexterity — The ability to make precisely coordinated movements of the fingers of one or both hands to grasp, manipulate, or assemble very small objects.
31		Time Sharing — The ability to shift back and forth between two or more activities or sources of information (such as speech, sounds, touch, or other sources).
25		Auditory Attention — The ability to focus on a single source of sound in the presence of other distracting sounds.
25		Hearing Sensitivity — The ability to detect or tell the differences between sounds that vary in pitch and loudness.
25		Visual Color Discrimination — The ability to match or detect differences between colors, including shades of color and brightness.
22		Control Precision — The ability to quickly and repeatedly adjust the controls of a machine or a vehicle to exact positions.
22		Depth Perception — The ability to judge which of several objects is closer or farther away from you, or to judge the distance between you and an object.
19		Arm-Hand Steadiness — The ability to keep your hand and arm steady while moving your arm or while holding your arm and hand in one position.
19		Manual Dexterity — The ability to quickly move your hand, your hand together with your arm, or your two hands to grasp, manipulate, or assemble objects.
10		Trunk Strength — The ability to use your abdominal and lower back muscles to support part of the body repeatedly or continuously over time without 'giving out' or fatiguing.
6		Dynamic Strength — The ability to exert muscle force repeatedly or continuously over time. This involves muscular endurance and resistance to muscle fatigue.
0		Dynamic Flexibility — The ability to quickly and repeatedly bend, stretch, twist, or reach out with your body, arms, and/or legs.
0		Explosive Strength — The ability to use short bursts of muscle force to propel oneself (as in jumping or sprinting), or to throw an object.
0		Extent Flexibility — The ability to bend, stretch, twist, or reach with your body, arms, and/or legs.
0		Glare Sensitivity — The ability to see objects in the presence of glare or bright lighting.
0		Gross Body Coordination — The ability to coordinate the movement of your arms, legs, and torso together when the whole body is in motion.
0		Gross Body Equilibrium — The ability to keep or regain your body balance or stay upright when in an unstable position.
0		Multilimb Coordination — The ability to coordinate two or more limbs (for example, two arms, two legs, or one leg and one arm) while sitting, standing, or lying down. It does not involve performing the activities while the whole body is in motion.
0		Night Vision — The ability to see under low light conditions.
0		Peripheral Vision — The ability to see objects or movement of objects to one's side when the eyes are looking ahead.
0		Rate Control — The ability to time your movements or the movement of a piece of equipment in anticipation of changes in the speed and/or direction of a moving object or scene.
0		Reaction Time — The ability to quickly respond (with the hand, finger, or foot) to a signal (sound, light, picture) when it appears.
0		Response Orientation — The ability to choose quickly between two or more movements in response to two or more different signals (lights, sounds, pictures). It includes the speed with which the correct response is started with the hand, foot, or other body part.
0		Sound Localization — The ability to tell the direction from which a sound originated.
0		Spatial Orientation — The ability to know your location in relation to the environment or to know where other objects are in relation to you.
0		Speed of Limb Movement — The ability to quickly move the arms and legs.
0		Stamina — The ability to exert yourself physically over long periods of time without getting winded or out of breath.
0		Static Strength — The ability to exert maximum muscle force to lift, push, pull, or carry objects.
0		Wrist-Finger Speed — The ability to make fast, simple, repeated movements of the fingers, hands, and wrists.

Work Activities Save Table (XLS/CSV)

Importance		Work Activity
100		Interacting With Computers — Using computers and computer systems (including hardware and software) to program, write software, set up functions, enter data, or process information.
93		Analyzing Data or Information — Identifying the underlying principles, reasons, or facts of information by breaking down information or data into separate parts.
91		Making Decisions and Solving Problems — Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and solve problems.
91		Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge — Keeping up-to-date technically and applying new knowledge to your job.
90		Processing Information — Compiling, coding, categorizing, calculating, tabulating, auditing, or verifying information or data.
88		Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates — Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone, in written form, e-mail, or in person.
88		Getting Information — Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sources.
88		Thinking Creatively — Developing, designing, or creating new applications, ideas, relationships, systems, or products, including artistic contributions.
83		Provide Consultation and Advice to Others — Providing guidance and expert advice to management or other groups on technical, systems-, or process-related topics.
79		Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards — Using relevant information and individual judgment to determine whether events or processes comply with laws, regulations, or standards.
79		Interpreting the Meaning of Information for Others — Translating or explaining what information means and how it can be used.
79		Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work — Developing specific goals and plans to prioritize, organize, and accomplish your work.
75		Documenting/Recording Information — Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information in written or electronic/magnetic form.
74		Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships — Developing constructive and cooperative working relationships with others, and maintaining them over time.
73		Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events — Identifying information by categorizing, estimating, recognizing differences or similarities, and detecting changes in circumstances or events.
71		Developing Objectives and Strategies — Establishing long-range objectives and specifying the strategies and actions to achieve them.
70		Developing and Building Teams — Encouraging and building mutual trust, respect, and cooperation among team members.
70		Judging the Qualities of Things, Services, or People — Assessing the value, importance, or quality of things or people.
68		Coordinating the Work and Activities of Others — Getting members of a group to work together to accomplish tasks.
68		Estimating the Quantifiable Characteristics of Products, Events, or Information — Estimating sizes, distances, and quantities; or determining time, costs, resources, or materials needed to perform a work activity.
66		Guiding, Directing, and Motivating Subordinates — Providing guidance and direction to subordinates, including setting performance standards and monitoring performance.
64		Training and Teaching Others — Identifying the educational needs of others, developing formal educational or training programs or classes, and teaching or instructing others.
63		Communicating with Persons Outside Organization — Communicating with people outside the organization, representing the organization to customers, the public, government, and other external sources. This information can be exchanged in person, in writing, or by telephone or e-mail.
63		Scheduling Work and Activities — Scheduling events, programs, and activities, as well as the work of others.
58		Coaching and Developing Others — Identifying the developmental needs of others and coaching, mentoring, or otherwise helping others to improve their knowledge or skills.
57		Resolving Conflicts and Negotiating with Others — Handling complaints, settling disputes, and resolving grievances and conflicts, or otherwise negotiating with others.
56		Drafting, Laying Out, and Specifying Technical Devices, Parts, and Equipment — Providing documentation, detailed instructions, drawings, or specifications to tell others about how devices, parts, equipment, or structures are to be fabricated, constructed, assembled, modified, maintained, or used.
55		Monitor Processes, Materials, or Surroundings — Monitoring and reviewing information from materials, events, or the environment, to detect or assess problems.
52		Selling or Influencing Others — Convincing others to buy merchandise/goods or to otherwise change their minds or actions.
47		Performing Administrative Activities — Performing day-to-day administrative tasks such as maintaining information files and processing paperwork.
43		Monitoring and Controlling Resources — Monitoring and controlling resources and overseeing the spending of money.
38		Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Material — Inspecting equipment, structures, or materials to identify the cause of errors or other problems or defects.
38		Staffing Organizational Units — Recruiting, interviewing, selecting, hiring, and promoting employees in an organization.
32		Assisting and Caring for Others — Providing personal assistance, medical attention, emotional support, or other personal care to others such as coworkers, customers, or patients.
28		Controlling Machines and Processes — Using either control mechanisms or direct physical activity to operate machines or processes (not including computers or vehicles).
23		Performing for or Working Directly with the Public — Performing for people or dealing directly with the public. This includes serving customers in restaurants and stores, and receiving clients or guests.
21		Repairing and Maintaining Electronic Equipment — Servicing, repairing, calibrating, regulating, fine-tuning, or testing machines, devices, and equipment that operate primarily on the basis of electrical or electronic (not mechanical) principles.
10		Handling and Moving Objects — Using hands and arms in handling, installing, positioning, and moving materials, and manipulating things.
9		Performing General Physical Activities — Performing physical activities that require considerable use of your arms and legs and moving your whole body, such as climbing, lifting, balancing, walking, stooping, and handling of materials.
5		Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment — Running, maneuvering, navigating, or driving vehicles or mechanized equipment, such as forklifts, passenger vehicles, aircraft, or water craft.
4		Repairing and Maintaining Mechanical Equipment — Servicing, repairing, adjusting, and testing machines, devices, moving parts, and equipment that operate primarily on the basis of mechanical (not electronic) principles.

Detailed Work Activities Save Table (XLS/CSV)

Test computer system operations to ensure proper functioning.
Collaborate with others to determine design specifications or details.
Coordinate project activities with other personnel or departments.
Design integrated computer systems.
Identify information technology project resource requirements.
Recommend changes to improve computer or information systems.
Conduct research to gain information about products or processes.
Analyze security of systems, network, or data.
Document technical specifications or requirements.
Provide technical support for software maintenance or use.
Communicate project information to others.
Develop organizational goals or objectives.
Prepare analytical reports.
Evaluate utility of software or hardware technologies.
Monitor computer system performance to ensure proper operation.
Test computer hardware performance.
Test software performance.
Develop guidelines for system implementation.
Develop performance metrics or standards related to information technology.
Design computer modeling or simulation programs.
Develop detailed project plans.
Develop models of information or communications systems.
Design software applications.
Configure computer networks.
Manage information technology projects or system activities.
Install computer hardware.
Install computer software.
Maintain computer hardware.
Coordinate software or hardware installation.
Train others in computer interface or software use.

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Work Context Save Table (XLS/CSV)

Work Context

Percentage of Top Responses

Electronic Mail — How often do you use electronic mail in this job?

See more occupations related to this work context.


100	Every day

Indoors, Environmentally Controlled — How often does this job require working indoors in environmentally controlled conditions?


83	Every day

Spend Time Sitting — How much does this job require sitting?


69	Continually or almost continually
28	More than half the time

Telephone — How often do you have telephone conversations in this job?


73	Every day
23	Once a week or more but not every day

Work With Work Group or Team — How important is it to work with others in a group or team in this job?


66	Extremely important
31	Very important

Face-to-Face Discussions — How often do you have to have face-to-face discussions with individuals or teams in this job?


70	Every day
22	Once a week or more but not every day

Duration of Typical Work Week — Number of hours typically worked in one week.


77	More than 40 hours
23	40 hours

Freedom to Make Decisions — How much decision making freedom, without supervision, does the job offer?


47	A lot of freedom
43	Some freedom

Importance of Being Exact or Accurate — How important is being very exact or highly accurate in performing this job?


43	Extremely important
40	Very important

Structured versus Unstructured Work — To what extent is this job structured for the worker, rather than allowing the worker to determine tasks, priorities, and goals?


28	A lot of freedom
62	Some freedom

Contact With Others — How much does this job require the worker to be in contact with others (face-to-face, by telephone, or otherwise) in order to perform it?


31	Constant contact with others
52	Contact with others most of the time
14	Contact with others about half the time

Coordinate or Lead Others — How important is it to coordinate or lead others in accomplishing work activities in this job?


40	Extremely important
37	Very important
20	Important

Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results — What results do your decisions usually have on other people or the image or reputation or financial resources of your employer?


33	Very important results
43	Important results
13	Moderate results

Frequency of Decision Making — How frequently is the worker required to make decisions that affect other people, the financial resources, and/or the image and reputation of the organization?


37	Every day
23	Once a week or more but not every day
33	Once a month or more but not every week

Level of Competition — To what extent does this job require the worker to compete or to be aware of competitive pressures?


67	Highly competitive
17	Moderately competitive

Time Pressure — How often does this job require the worker to meet strict deadlines?


20	Every day
43	Once a week or more but not every day
30	Once a month or more but not every week

Consequence of Error — How serious would the result usually be if the worker made a mistake that was not readily correctable?


27	Extremely serious
20	Very serious
20	Serious
23	Fairly serious

Responsibility for Outcomes and Results — How responsible is the worker for work outcomes and results of other workers?


33	High responsibility
33	Moderate responsibility
23	Limited responsibility

Importance of Repeating Same Tasks — How important is repeating the same physical activities (e.g., key entry) or mental activities (e.g., checking entries in a ledger) over and over, without stopping, to performing this job?


23	Extremely important
27	Very important
17	Important
13	Fairly important
20	Not important at all

Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions — How much does this job require making repetitive motions?


32	Continually or almost continually
25	More than half the time
14	Less than half the time
29	Never

Frequency of Conflict Situations — How often are there conflict situations the employee has to face in this job?


30	Once a week or more but not every day
33	Once a month or more but not every week
23	Once a year or more but not every month

Deal With External Customers — How important is it to work with external customers or the public in this job?


17	Extremely important
20	Very important
20	Important
30	Fairly important
13	Not important at all

Letters and Memos — How often does the job require written letters and memos?


17	Every day
17	Once a week or more but not every day
30	Once a month or more but not every week
20	Once a year or more but not every month
17	Never

Physical Proximity — To what extent does this job require the worker to perform job tasks in close physical proximity to other people?


13	Moderately close (at arm's length)
67	Slightly close (e.g., shared office)

Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls — How much does this job require using your hands to handle, control, or feel objects, tools or controls?


30	Continually or almost continually
13	More than half the time
17	Less than half the time
37	Never

Public Speaking — How often do you have to perform public speaking in this job?


20	Once a week or more but not every day
40	Once a month or more but not every week
40	Once a year or more but not every month

Degree of Automation — How automated is the job?


17	Highly automated
37	Moderately automated
30	Slightly automated
13	Not at all automated

Deal With Unpleasant or Angry People — How frequently does the worker have to deal with unpleasant, angry, or discourteous individuals as part of the job requirements?


13	Once a week or more but not every day
33	Once a month or more but not every week
37	Once a year or more but not every month
17	Never

Sounds, Noise Levels Are Distracting or Uncomfortable — How often does this job require working exposed to sounds and noise levels that are distracting or uncomfortable?


13	Once a week or more but not every day
13	Once a month or more but not every week
23	Once a year or more but not every month
43	Never

Responsible for Others' Health and Safety — How much responsibility is there for the health and safety of others in this job?


57	Limited responsibility
27	No responsibility

Spend Time Standing — How much does this job require standing?


83	Less than half the time

Spend Time Walking and Running — How much does this job require walking and running?


45	Less than half the time
52	Never

Cramped Work Space, Awkward Positions — How often does this job require working in cramped work spaces that requires getting into awkward positions?


14	Once a year or more but not every month
72	Never

Extremely Bright or Inadequate Lighting — How often does this job require working in extremely bright or inadequate lighting conditions?


20	Once a year or more but not every month
73	Never

Indoors, Not Environmentally Controlled — How often does this job require working indoors in non-controlled environmental conditions (e.g., warehouse without heat)?


23	Once a year or more but not every month
70	Never

Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets — How much does this job require wearing common protective or safety equipment such as safety shoes, glasses, gloves, hard hats or life jackets?


87	Never

In an Enclosed Vehicle or Equipment — How often does this job require working in a closed vehicle or equipment (e.g., car)?


83	Never

Pace Determined by Speed of Equipment — How important is it to this job that the pace is determined by the speed of equipment or machinery? (This does not refer to keeping busy at all times on this job.)


90	Not important at all

Spend Time Kneeling, Crouching, Stooping, or Crawling — How much does this job require kneeling, crouching, stooping or crawling?


21	Less than half the time
76	Never

Work Schedules — How regular are the work schedules for this job?


13	Irregular (changes with weather conditions, production demands, or contract duration)
87	Regular (established routine, set schedule)

Outdoors, Under Cover — How often does this job require working outdoors, under cover (e.g., structure with roof but no walls)?


23	Once a year or more but not every month
77	Never

Spend Time Bending or Twisting the Body — How much does this job require bending or twisting your body?


13	Less than half the time
83	Never

Outdoors, Exposed to Weather — How often does this job require working outdoors, exposed to all weather conditions?


20	Once a year or more but not every month
80	Never

Exposed to Contaminants — How often does this job require working exposed to contaminants (such as pollutants, gases, dust or odors)?


87	Never

Exposed to Disease or Infections — How often does this job require exposure to disease/infections?


90	Never

Exposed to High Places — How often does this job require exposure to high places?


87	Never

In an Open Vehicle or Equipment — How often does this job require working in an open vehicle or equipment (e.g., tractor)?


90	Never

Very Hot or Cold Temperatures — How often does this job require working in very hot (above 90 F degrees) or very cold (below 32 F degrees) temperatures?


17	Once a year or more but not every month
83	Never

Deal With Physically Aggressive People — How frequently does this job require the worker to deal with physical aggression of violent individuals?


90	Never

Exposed to Hazardous Conditions — How often does this job require exposure to hazardous conditions?


93	Never

Exposed to Hazardous Equipment — How often does this job require exposure to hazardous equipment?


97	Never

Spend Time Climbing Ladders, Scaffolds, or Poles — How much does this job require climbing ladders, scaffolds, or poles?


90	Never

Spend Time Keeping or Regaining Balance — How much does this job require keeping or regaining your balance?


90	Never

Exposed to Minor Burns, Cuts, Bites, or Stings — How often does this job require exposure to minor burns, cuts, bites, or stings?


93	Never

Exposed to Radiation — How often does this job require exposure to radiation?


100	Never

Exposed to Whole Body Vibration — How often does this job require exposure to whole body vibration (e.g., operate a jackhammer)?


100	Never

Wear Specialized Protective or Safety Equipment such as Breathing Apparatus, Safety Harness, Full Protection Suits, or Radiation Protection — How much does this job require wearing specialized protective or safety equipment such as breathing apparatus, safety harness, full protection suits, or radiation protection?


100	Never

Job Zone Save Table (XLS/CSV)

Title	Job Zone Four: Considerable Preparation Needed
Education	Most of these occupations require a four-year bachelor's degree, but some do not.
Related Experience	A considerable amount of work-related skill, knowledge, or experience is needed for these occupations. For example, an accountant must complete four years of college and work for several years in accounting to be considered qualified.
Job Training	Employees in these occupations usually need several years of work-related experience, on-the-job training, and/or vocational training.
Job Zone Examples	Many of these occupations involve coordinating, supervising, managing, or training others. Examples include real estate brokers, sales managers, database administrators, graphic designers, chemists, art directors, and cost estimators.
SVP Range	(7.0 to < 8.0)

Education

Percentage of Respondents	Education Level Required
57	Bachelor's degree
17	Master's degree
10	Post-secondary certificate

Credentials

Interests Save Table (XLS/CSV)

Occupational Interest		Interest
89		Investigative — Investigative occupations frequently involve working with ideas, and require an extensive amount of thinking. These occupations can involve searching for facts and figuring out problems mentally.
78		Realistic — Realistic occupations frequently involve work activities that include practical, hands-on problems and solutions. They often deal with plants, animals, and real-world materials like wood, tools, and machinery. Many of the occupations require working outside, and do not involve a lot of paperwork or working closely with others.
56		Conventional — Conventional occupations frequently involve following set procedures and routines. These occupations can include working with data and details more than with ideas. Usually there is a clear line of authority to follow.
28		Artistic — Artistic occupations frequently involve working with forms, designs and patterns. They often require self-expression and the work can be done without following a clear set of rules.
11		Enterprising — Enterprising occupations frequently involve starting up and carrying out projects. These occupations can involve leading people and making many decisions. Sometimes they require risk taking and often deal with business.
0		Social — Social occupations frequently involve working with, communicating with, and teaching people. These occupations often involve helping or providing service to others.

Work Styles Save Table (XLS/CSV)

Importance		Work Style
92		Analytical Thinking — Job requires analyzing information and using logic to address work-related issues and problems.
86		Attention to Detail — Job requires being careful about detail and thorough in completing work tasks.
84		Innovation — Job requires creativity and alternative thinking to develop new ideas for and answers to work-related problems.
84		Persistence — Job requires persistence in the face of obstacles.
83		Adaptability/Flexibility — Job requires being open to change (positive or negative) and to considerable variety in the workplace.
82		Dependability — Job requires being reliable, responsible, and dependable, and fulfilling obligations.
82		Initiative — Job requires a willingness to take on responsibilities and challenges.
81		Achievement/Effort — Job requires establishing and maintaining personally challenging achievement goals and exerting effort toward mastering tasks.
79		Integrity — Job requires being honest and ethical.
79		Stress Tolerance — Job requires accepting criticism and dealing calmly and effectively with high stress situations.
75		Cooperation — Job requires being pleasant with others on the job and displaying a good-natured, cooperative attitude.
73		Independence — Job requires developing one's own ways of doing things, guiding oneself with little or no supervision, and depending on oneself to get things done.
72		Leadership — Job requires a willingness to lead, take charge, and offer opinions and direction.
71		Self Control — Job requires maintaining composure, keeping emotions in check, controlling anger, and avoiding aggressive behavior, even in very difficult situations.
53		Concern for Others — Job requires being sensitive to others' needs and feelings and being understanding and helpful on the job.
53		Social Orientation — Job requires preferring to work with others rather than alone, and being personally connected with others on the job.

Work Values Save Table (XLS/CSV)

Extent		Work Value
78		Achievement — Occupations that satisfy this work value are results oriented and allow employees to use their strongest abilities, giving them a feeling of accomplishment. Corresponding needs are Ability Utilization and Achievement.
78		Independence — Occupations that satisfy this work value allow employees to work on their own and make decisions. Corresponding needs are Creativity, Responsibility and Autonomy.
78		Recognition — Occupations that satisfy this work value offer advancement, potential for leadership, and are often considered prestigious. Corresponding needs are Advancement, Authority, Recognition and Social Status.
64		Working Conditions — Occupations that satisfy this work value offer job security and good working conditions. Corresponding needs are Activity, Compensation, Independence, Security, Variety and Working Conditions.
61		Support — Occupations that satisfy this work value offer supportive management that stands behind employees. Corresponding needs are Company Policies, Supervision: Human Relations and Supervision: Technical.
56		Relationships — Occupations that satisfy this work value allow employees to provide service to others and work with co-workers in a friendly non-competitive environment. Corresponding needs are Co-workers, Moral Values and Social Service.

Related Occupations Save Table (XLS/CSV)

11-3021.00	Computer and Information Systems Managers
13-1081.01	Logistics Engineers
15-1211.00	Computer Systems Analysts
15-1212.00	Information Security Analysts
15-1241.00	Computer Network Architects Bright Outlook
15-1253.00	Software Quality Assurance Analysts and Testers
15-1299.01	Web Administrators
17-2061.00	Computer Hardware Engineers

Wages & Employment Trends

Median wage data for Computer Occupations, All Other.
Employment data for Computer Occupations, All Other.
Industry data for Computer Occupations, All Other.

Median wages (2020)	$44.65 hourly, $92,870 annual
State wages
Local wages	ZIP Code:

Employment (2019)	431,100 employees
Projected growth (2019-2029)	Faster than average (5% to 7%)
Projected job openings (2019-2029)	32,300
State trends

Top industries (2019)	Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services (31% employed in this sector) Government (22%) (see all industries)

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics 2020 wage data and 2019-2029 employment projections . "Projected growth" represents the estimated change in total employment over the projections period (2019-2029). "Projected job openings" represent openings due to growth and replacement.

Job Openings on the Web

Sources of Additional Information

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